云南省蚱科一新属新种(直翅目:蚱科)

本文报道蚱科一新属一新种。新属,微翅蚱属Alulatettix gen nov.的主要特征是前胸背板强烈隆起呈屋脊形,前胸背板侧片后缘具二凹陷,前、后翅甚微小。其模式种为云南微翅蚱Alulatettix yunnanensis sp.nov.     

中国中三叠世龙蝎蛉新科的发现(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述龙蝎蛉新科Drakonochoristidae fam. nov.和1新亚科及其2新属、种和1个老亚科。2新属种的化石标本采自中国陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。新科性质及其分类位置在文中进行讨论。新科的建立填补这个类群在中国的空白,同时对于小蝎蛉科Nannochoristidae和二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae的演化关系的研究有一定的意义。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stage)。     

叶刺瘿螨亚科一新属三新种：真螨目：瘿螨科

新属为新诺尔瘿螨属Neoknorella Kuang et Feng,gen.nov.三新种是竹新诺尔瘿螨Neoknorella bambusae sp.nov.,竹裂柄瘿螨 Dichopelmus bambusae sp.nov.和樟无伪足瘿Anothopoda cinnamomi sp.nov.,它们均营自由生活。     

中国血革螨科记述及一新属的建立：蜱螨亚纲：寄螨目

本文对中国血革螨科进行整理,总共记录了５３种和亚种,并建立了畸胸螨属Ｔｅｒａｓｔｅｒｎａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,新属与中国血革螨亚科中唯一的血革螨属Ｈａｅｍｏｇａｍａｓｕｓ相并列。     

我国小鲵科一新属新种的描述

1959年至1981年,在大别山、桐柏山、伏牛山及太行山等地区调查,发现小鲵科一种,外部形态和头骨特征与已知小鲵科各属均有明显区别。现将商城标本与相近的小鲵属和北鲵属的主要特征对比如表1（图1—3）。 从表1可以看出,商城标本与相近的小鲵属和北鲵属都有显著区别,应为一个新属新种。模式标本保存在新乡师范学院。现描述如下:     

革螨一新属新种及一新科的建立(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

在云南陇川县的蜣螂体上采得一种革螨系未曾描述过的新种,并为之建立新科与新属,用其颚角呈球形膨大及躯体角化较深的特征命名。球革螨科新科Bulbogamasidae fam.nov.的主要特征:叉毛三叉,其侧具一拇指状薄膜;颚角呈球形膨大,角化弱;头盖前缘光滑;雄螨足11具强大的距状表皮突。球革螨属新属Bulbogamasus gen.nov.的主要特征:背板整块;背毛26对,板周围的长大,中部的细小;胸叉叉丝末端具刺状突,小分支端部有的分叉;雌螨具腹肛板与肛前毛;雄螨导精趾粗长,超过螯钳长的2倍以上。模式种为中华球革螨新种Bulbogamasus sinicus sp.nov.     

云南省厉螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股）

在云南陇川县的蟋蟀Gryllus sp.体上采得一种革螨,系厉螨科Ltelapidae Berlese中未曾描述过的种类,并为之建立新属,订名为滇厉螨属Dianolaelaps gen.nov.,属模标本为蟋蟀滇厉螨Dianolaelaps gryllus sp.nov.。新属的主要鉴别特征是:雌螨螯钳动趾端部分三叉;颚角内侧有沟漕并具齿突;口下片末端,在颚角与下咽间有长圆形结构,其内缘并具透明的尖齿列;涎针有膜状结构包绕;足Ⅰ—Ⅲ基节各具一棘,各基节远端侧具细小毛列。     

MORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTOPHORA (SOLIERIACEAE,GIGARTINALES: RHODOPHYTA), A NEW GENUS BASED ON SARCODIOTHECA COLENSOI FROM NEW ZEALAND1

The only member of the red algal family Solieriaceae known from New Zealand is the endemic Sarcodiotheca colensoi (Hook. & Harv.) Kylin. This study shows that it differs in several respects from the type S. furcata (Setch. & Gard.) Kylin; thus a new genus Placentophora is created for the New Zealand alga. Although P. colensoi nov. comb. is retained in the Solieriaceae on the basis of vegetative, spermatangial, tetrasporangial, carpogonial-branch and early gonimoblast features, it differs from typical members of that family in its pattern of later carposporophyte development. After a single gonimoblast initial is cut off from the auxiliary cell towards the center of the thallus, further gonimoblasts develop from the initial as ramifying, radiating filaments. These filaments enter an extensive “nutritive-cell” region surrounding the auxiliary cell, form, numerous connections to the “nutritive” cells, and incorporate most of them into a central placenta of interconnected, and variously-fused vegetative and gonimoblast cells. Carpo-sporangia then form in short chains around the periphery of the placenta. The cystocarp lacks both a central fusion cell and a sterile-celled investment, or “Faserhülle.” The distinctive carposporophyte of Placentophora is compared to patterns of gonimoblast development, known in other members of the Solieriaceae.     

马陆体上的革螨一新属新种及一新科的建立(蜱螨亚纲:皮刺螨总科)

在贵阳市土马陆Julus terrestris 体上采得一种革螨,系未曾描述过的新种,并为其建立新科、新属,以其背板周围具细毛这一特征而命名为:毛盾螨科Trichoaspididae和毛盾螨属Trichoaspis。模式种:马陆毛盾螨,新种Trichoaspis julus sp.nov.     

PRESCOTTIELLA,A NEW GENUS OF ASYMMETRICAL DESMIDS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Bipolar asymmetry has been considered a morphological characteristic sufficient for differentiation of genera among the Desmidiaceae. Therefore, Micrasterias sudanensis Grönbl., Prowse & Scott, the only species of Micrasterias showing such asymmetry, is made the type of a new genus, Prescottiella, gen. nov.     

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY,ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CHLOROGONIUM (CHLOROPHYTA): EMENDATION OF CHLOROGONIUM AND DESCRIPTION OF GUNGNIR GEN. NOV. AND RUSALKA GEN. NOV.1

We examined the molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of Chlorogonium and related species to establish the natural taxonomy at the generic level. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA and RUBISCO LSU (rbcL) gene sequences revealed two separate clades of Chlorogonium from which Chlorogonium (Cg.) fusiforme Matv. was robustly separated. One clade comprised Cg. neglectum Pascher and Cg. kasakii Nozaki, whereas the other clade included the type species Cg. euchlorum (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb., Cg. elongatum (P. A. Dang.) Francé, and Cg. capillatum Nozaki, M. Watanabe et Aizawa. On the basis of unique ultrastructural characteristics, we described Gungnir Nakada gen. nov. comprising three species: G. neglectum (Pascher) Nakada comb. nov., G. mantoniae (H. Ettl) Nakada comb. nov., and G. kasakii (Nozaki) Nakada comb. nov. We also emended Chlorogonium as a monophyletic genus composed of Cg. euchlorum, Cg. elongatum, and Cg. capillatum. Because Cg. fusiforme was distinguished from the redefined Chlorogonium and Gungnir by the structure of its starch plate, which is associated with pyrenoids, we reclassified this species as Rusalka fusiformis (Matv.) Nakada gen. et comb. nov.     

辽宁北票下白垩统义县组的单子叶被子植物新属种

文章报道可能属于单子叶被子植物化石的两个新属Shangyuania gen．nov．和Zhouia gen．nov．,标本采自辽宁省北票市上园乡黄半吉沟下白垩统义县组尖山沟层。前者属于水生草本植物,具有一个非常细弱的茎,茎保存不全,未见分枝。茎上生有对生和互生的沉水型叶;叶线形,全缘。基部无柄,顶端为钝圆形;具有一条中脉,中脉的两侧各有3—4条细而平行的侧脉和在叶的远轴面上各有一行可能的通气组织;穗状花序生于叶腋中,具有一个细弱的花序梗,由4～5轮小花组成。后者是一个单独保存的种子,卵圆形,被压扁,表面具有多角形的细胞或泡沫状纹饰。通过对两新属形态特征研究和对比,推测它们可能与现生眼子菜科（Potamogetonaceae）,特别是该科中的眼子菜属（Potamogeton）,以及茨藻科（Najadaceae）的茨藻属（Najas）有某种亲缘关系。     

微绒螨亚科一新属新种：蜱螨亚纲：绒螨科

木文记述微绒螨亚科一新属新种,正模♀,副模2♀♀采自上海土表杂质,保存于上海复旦大学生物系。     

TAXONOMIC STUDY OF TWO NEW GENERA OF FUSIFORM GREEN FLAGELLATES,TABRIS GEN. NOV. AND HAMAKKO GEN. NOV. (VOLVOCALES,CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

On the basis of LM, we isolated strains of two species of fusiform green flagellates that could be assigned to former Chlorogonium (Cg.) Ehrenb. One species, “Cg.”heimii Bourr., lacked a pyrenoid in its vegetative cells and required organic compounds for growth. The other was similar to Cg. elongatum (P. A. Dang.) Francé and “Cg.”acus Nayal, but with slightly smaller vegetative cells. Their molecular phylogeny was also studied based on combined 18S rRNA, RUBISCO LSU (rbcL), and P700 chl a‐apoprotein A2 (psaB) gene sequences. Both species were separated from Chlorogonium emend., Gungnir Nakada and Rusalka Nakada, which were formerly assigned to Chlorogonium. They were accordingly assigned to new genera, Tabris Nakada gen. nov. and Hamakko (Hk.) Nakada gen. nov. as T. heimii (Bourr.) Nakada comb. nov. and Hk. caudatus Nakada sp. nov., respectively. Tabris is differentiated from other genera of fusiform green flagellates by its vegetative cells, which only have two apical contractile vacuoles and lack a pyrenoid in the chloroplast. Hamakko, on the other hand, is distinguishable by the fact that its pyrenoids in vegetative cells are penetrated by flattened thylakoid lamellae.     

MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTION, AND THE 18S rRNA GENE SEQUENCE OF PIHIELLA LIAGORACIPHILA GEN. ET SP. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA), THE SO-CALLED 'MONOSPORANGIAL DISCS' ASSOCIATED WITH MEMBERS OF THE LIAGORACEAE (RHODOPHYTA), AND PROPOSAL OF THE PIHIELLALES ORD. NOV.

Pihiella liagoraciphila gen. et sp. nov. (Rhodophyta) is described for a minute endo/epiphyte that is commonly associated with members of the Liagoraceae ( Nemaliales, Rhodophyta). Algae are discoid or subspherical and grow to a maximum diameter of 400 μm. Attachment is via isolated elongate rhizoids that penetrate into the loosely filamentous structure of the host or by a pad of several coalesced rhizoids where the host has a more cohesive cortex. Elongate surface hairs are common. Gametophytes are dioecious, the spermatangia arising on surface cells, and carpogonia with elongate trichogynes borne directly on undifferentiated surface supporting cells. Large sporangia form on stalk cells across the upper surface of the plants, these appearing to be either monosporangial or the result of fertilization of the carpogonia and equivalent to undivided zygotosporangia. Carposporophytes and tetrasporangia are unknown. 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicate that Pihiella constitutes a clade of long branch length most closely related to the Ahnfeltiales. The unique morphology and reproduction of Pihiella , combined with a substantial genetic divergence from the Ahnfeltiales, suggest that it is sufficiently distinct to warrant placement in a new family and order. We therefore describe the family Pihiellaceae and the order Pihiellales to accommodate the new genus.     

湖北元古代微体化石新材料

黄麦岭磷矿的8个中元古代黄麦岭组变质岩地层剖面中发现了两类微体化石。一类是丁丁虫中的Funnelasinensisgen.etsp.nov.,另一类是球形分类位置未定的Sinosphaera hubeiensisgen.etsp.nov.。两者均为多细胞化石,它们都含磷。在该磷矿中,凡是含微体化石越多的层位,磷矿的品位也就越高。     

中国粉螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：真螨目）

本文记述从江西南昌芝麻中采到的粉螨科一新属新种;华脂螨属Sinolardoglyphus gen. nov.,南昌华脂螨S.nanchangersis sp.nov.,本属与脂螨属Lardoglyphus近似,主要不同点在于华脂螨属的sce和sci几乎等长,受精囊漏斗形,雌螨各足的爪分叉,仅端部分离,肛毛a特别长。     

新菌——吉林链梭菌的分类学研究

从７例阴道炎患者阴道分泌物分离出７株细菌,均具有相同的生物学特性,Ｇ－梭状菌,单、成对或链状。无荚膜,无芽抱,无鞭毛。兼性厌氧菌,在大气中培养不生长,在５％～１０％ＣＯ２中或烛缸培养１８～２４ｈ才能形成菌落,ＭａｃＣｏｎｋｅｙ培养基不生长,最适生长温度３５℃－３７℃。氧化酶阴性,接触酶阴性,不还原硝酸盐,发酵糖类（指示剂用溴甲酚紫）,克氏双糖铁高层和斜面均发生产酸反应,七叶苷水解试验阳性,马尿酸盐水解试验阴性。经ＢｉｏｌｏｇＭｉｃｒｏｓｔａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ自动化细菌鉴定系统检测无确定结果,ＤＮＡＧ＋Ｃ含量为４２．３ｍｏｌ％、１６ｓｒＲＮＡ序列测定结果经计算机检索国际基因菌库ＥＭＢＬ和ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ所有序列进行比较,表明该白与已知科、属亲缘关系较远,结合其表型特征,建议建立新属,命名为吉林链梭菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｆｕｓｉａｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．Ｊｉｌｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）该菌已收藏在中国微生物菌种保藏中心ＣＧＭＣＣＮＯ．０２１５Ｔ（Ｔ＝ｔｙｐｅｓｔｒａｉｎ）．该菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ片断已被国际基因库收录,接收号为Ｕ３４３６５。     

云南行军蚁亚科和猛蚁亚科二新属记述(膜翅目:蚁科)

在云南西双片纳自然保护区热带雨林内采集并描述行宫蚁亚科和猛蚁亚科２新属。云行军蚁属Ｙｕｎｏｄｏｒｙｌｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．新属隶属于行军蚁亚科,为单模属,地栖性,其属模六刺云行军蚁Ｙ．ｓｅｘｓｐｉｎｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种的２个巢群发现于季节性雨林和落叶季雨林的土壤样中。版纳猛蚁属Ｂａｎｎａｐｏｎｅ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．新属隶属于猛蚁亚科钝猛蚁族Ａｍｂｌｙｏｐｏｎｉｎｉ,为单模属,其属模木兰版纳猛蚁Ｂ