Sporobolomyces inositophilus,a new species of ballistosporous yeast isolated from a dead leaf of Sasa sp. in Japan

A new species of ballistosporous yeast, Sporobolomyces inositophilus was isolated from a dead leaf of Sasa sp. collected at a mountain in Japan. This yeast is assumed to have a close relationship to Sporobolomyces singularis since it produces bilaterally symmetrical ballistospores and pale-coloured colonies and resembles Sporobolomyces singularis in these respects. These two species differ from typical species of Sporobolomyces and seem to constitute a natural taxonomic group.     

Sporobolomyces salmonicolor var. fischerii,a new yeast

A new variety of Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a human case of meningitis has been described. The variety can be differentiated from the species primarily by its ability to assimilate D-galactose and L-arabinose.     

Sporobolomyces yuccicola,a new species of ballistosporous yeast equipped with ubiquinone-9

A hitherto undescribed ballistosporous yeast was isolated from a dead leaf of Yucca sp. in Canada. This yeast produces apiculate or short-ellipsoidal ballistospores, produces pale colored colonies, has Q-9 as the major ubiquinone, and does not contain xylose in the cells. This new yeast is described as Sporobolomyces yuccicola Nakase et Suzuki. Sporobolomyces yuccicola is the sixth species of the intermedius group, a group of atypical species of the genus Sporobolomyces equipped with Q-9.     

Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp. nov., Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp. nov., three new species of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts in the Agaricostilbum lineage isolated from plants in Taiwan

Three strains of xylose-lacking and ubiquinone-10-having ballistoconidium-forming yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan were found to represent respective new species. In phylogenetic trees constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, they were located in the Agaricostilbum lineage (Agaricostilbum/Bensingtonia cluster). Since the taxonomic properties of these species coincide with those of the genus Sporobolomyces, they are described as Sporobolomyces diospyroris sp. nov., Sporobolomyces lophatheri sp. nov. and Sporobolomyces pyrrosiae sp. nov., respectively.     

Distribution and immunological characterization of microbial aldehyde reductases

The distribution of microbial aldo-keto reductases was examined and their immunochemical characterization was performed. p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, pyridine-3-aldehyde and ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate reductase activities were found to be widely distributed in a variety of microorganisms. In immunodiffusion studies, most yeasts belonging to the genera Sporobolomyces, Sporidiobolus and Rhodotorula formed precipitin bands with anti-Sporobolomyces salmonicolor aldehyde reductase serum. Furthermore, the results of immunotitration experiments suggested that Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AKU 4429 contains other enzyme(s) which can reduce p-nitrobenzaldehyde, pyridine-3-aldehyde and/or ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate, and which are inactivated by anti-Sporobolomyces salmonicolor aldehyde reductase serum.     

Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov., a new yeast species in the Erythrobasidium cluster isolated from plants in Taiwan

Two strains of yeasts that contain Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, lack cellular xylose and produce large bilaterally symmetrical ballistoconidia were isolated from plants collected in a protected subtropical rain forest in Taiwan and were found to represent a new species. The taxonomic properties of this species coincide with the genus Sporobolomyces, so it is described as Sporobolomyces magnisporus sp. nov. In phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA, this species is located in the Erythrobasidium cluster.     

Ballistosporous yeasts found on the surface of plant materials collected in New Zealand

Six new species of ballistosporous yeast, the genusSporobolomyces, were isolated from dead leaves and fruit of plants collected in New Zealand;Sp. novazealandicus, Sp. dimmenae, Sp. coprosmicola, Sp. coprosmae, Sp. dracophyllus, andSp. taupoensis. These species differ from any hitherto known species ofSporobolomyces based on chemotaxonomic characteristics.Abbreviations B. Bullera - Ben. Bensingtonia - Sp. Sporobolomyces - Sporid. Sporidiobolus - T. Tilletiopsis - U. Udeniomyces - G + C guanine plus cytosine     

Four new yeast species of the genus Sporobolomyces from plant leaves

Among the ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains isolated from various plant leaves collected in North and Northeast China, 12 strains forming orange to orange-red colored colonies were revealed to represent four novel species of the genus Sporobolomyces by conventional, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic studies, based on the 26S-rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. Sporobolomyces beijingensis sp. nov., represented by eight strains (type strain CB 80T = AS 2.2365T = CBS 9730T), and Sporobolomyces jilinensis sp. nov., represented by two strains (type strain CB 118T = AS 2.2301T = CBS 9728T), clustered in the Johnsonii clade of the Sporidiobolus lineage. Sporobolomyces clavatus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 281T (= AS 2.2318T = CBS 9729T), belonged to the Agaricostilbum lineage and showed a close relationship to Sporobolomyces ruber and Sporobolomyces dracophylli. Sporobolomyces symmetricus sp. nov., represented by strain CB 64T(= AS 2.2299T = CBS 9727T), formed nearly symmetrical ballistoconidia and was closely related with Sporobolomyces vermiculatus and Sporobolomyces gracilis in the Gracilis clade of the Erythrobasidium lineage.     

Four new species of the genusSporobolomyces isolated from leaves in Thailand

Thirteen undescribed strains of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts, isolated from leaves collected in the suburbs and along the southeast seacoast of Bangkok, Thailand, were divided into four different groups in the genusSporobolomyces on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomical characteristics, and analyses of the sequences of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments with related species revealed that these four groups were four new distinct species.Sporobolomyces nylandii sp. nov.,S. poonsookiae sp. nov.,S. blumeae sp. nov. andS. vermiculatus sp. nov. are proposed for these strains.     

Heterothallism in the basidiomycetous yeast genusSporidiobolus Nyland

The sexual speciesSporidiobolus salmonicolor andSporidiobolus pararoseus spp. nov. are described as heterothallic species in the genusSporidiobolus, a genus consisting of two homothallic species,Sporidiobolus johnsonii andSporidiobolus ruinenii. The four species are compared and a key to the genus is presented. As a taxonomic correctionSporobolomyces pararoseus nom. nud. is reported as a synonym ofSporobolomyces shibatanus.     

Levures des eaux saumatres de Lagrange-Fouquet

The briny waters of Lagrange-Fouquet contain a wide variety of yeasts. The more common ones are Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus albidus, Sporobolomyces pararoseus and Sporobolomyces roseus.These yeasts stem from the phyllosphere of the surrounding vegetation, and constitute a population which is characteristic of the natural zones.

     

Seasonal Dynamics in a Yeast Population on Leaves of the Common Wood Sorrel Oxalis acetosella L.

Analysis of an epiphytic yeast population on the leaves of the evergreen common wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella L. throughout a year showed that the density and the species composition of this population underwent regular seasonal changes. There were almost no yeasts on the young spring leaves. However, the yeast population on the mature leaves tended to increase in the autumn, reaching a maximum after the formation of continuous snow cover. Then the yeast population on the leaves tended to decrease, reaching a minimum in the spring. The species diversity of the yeasts was maximum in the autumn. The population of the epiphytic yeast species Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula fujisanensis, Leucosporium scottii, and Cryptococcus flavus peaked in the autumn. On the other hand, the population of the widespread epiphytic species Cryptococcus laurentii on the wood sorrel leaves peaked in January. The relative abundance of the red-pigmented phytobionts Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporobolomyces roseus virtually did not change throughout the year. The relative abundance of the euribiotic species Cryptococcus albidus showed irregular monthly variations. The data obtained show that the epiphytic microbial population of various plants can be comprehensively studied only by analyzing this population throughout the vegetative period of the plants.     

Nucleotide Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Some Species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, and Sporobolomyces

The buoyant density of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from nine species and two varieties of Cryptococcus, three species and two varieties of Rhodotorula, and six species of Sporobolomyces was determined by CsCl density gradient equilibrium centrifugation. Several species were represented by two to four different strains. Expressed in moles per cent of guanine plus cytosine (GC content) the ranges were 49 to 65%, 52 to 70%, and 51 to 65% for Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, and Sporobolomyces, respectively. For each genus, the GC content was distributed into two discrete groups with averages ranging from 52 to 54 and 60 to 66, respectively. An analysis of these results suggested that the determination of GC content of DNA had a taxonomic value for these yeast genera.     

Four new species of yeast isolated from insect frass in bark ofTsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sargent

Summary In a study of the yeasts associated with insect frass underneath the bark ofTsuga heterophylla (the Pacific Coast hemlock) four new species of yeast were found. These were described asSporobolomyces singularis, Bullera tsugae, Cryptococcus skinneri andCandida oregonensis. Sporobolomyces singularis is a non-pigmented species, which required an amendment of the genus definition. Ballistospore formation of the new species ofSporobolomyces and ofBullera was absent on malt agar and on potato glucose agar, but positive on corn meal agar. An unusual case of quantitative transgalactosylation by growing cells ofSporobolomyces singularis on lactose has been described. It has been proposed to establish a “Candida parapsilosis Group” of species to whichC. oregonensis was assigned. Supported by a fellowship of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.     

Les levures dans les eaux de la Moselle

We have identified 95 yeast species, in the river Moselle. Trichosporon cutaneum is a very good indicator for pollution caused by men and disappears rapidly in the zone of recovery. In not polluted water, the white yeasts are absent or nearly so, and only red pigmented yeasts are present. Sporobolomyces odorus is always present in these fractions. From the source till the border (Thionville) an increasing percentage of red yeasts present in the water is an indicator for a recovery of the river after heavy pollution.

     

Two new species of the genus Sporobolomyces and a new Rhodotorula species from leaf surfaces

Two new species of the genus Sporobolomyces and one of the genus Rhodotorula are described. Sporobolomyces elongatus and Rhodotorula armeniaca spp. nov. were isolated from the surfaces of leaves of Callistemon viminalis (Soland ex Gaertn.) G. Don ex Loud. and Sporobolomyces foliicola from the leaves of Banksia collina R. Br. growing at Armidale.