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Detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in Suspended Organic Waste by Nucleic Acid Extraction and PCR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Carola Burtscher Papa A. Fall Peter A. Wilderer Stefan Wuertz 《Applied microbiology》1999,65(5):2235-2237
A nucleic acid-based method for the detection of the bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in biological waste was developed. The detection limits were less than 10 cells per ml of biological waste. The method does not include a phenol extraction step and can be easily performed in 1 to 2 days. 相似文献
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A benign-by-design method for the determination of boron (B) in microsamples of biological tissues was developed. This is
a simple, automated, microdigestion method. Use of reagents and generation of waste are minimized, and the use of toxic/hazardous
reagents is eliminated as compared to currently available B methodology. Microsamples are accommodated by the method; 100–400
mg sam ples were used in this study. B is determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) at
249.678 nm. The instrument detection limit for B is 0.01 Μg/mL. Interference studies have been investigated for 21 common
elements. Over 250 analyses of standard reference materials were analyzed during the study dura tion. Recoveries for a series
of biological tissues, both plant and ani mal, ranged from 82–104%. 相似文献
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We describe two fluorescence immunoassays capable of detecting endocrine disrupting compounds in waste water. The first fluorescence method is a heterogeneous assay using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) detection. The second method is a homogeneous assay that utilizes energy transfer (ETIA). Both fluorescence immunoassays are compared with respect to detection principle and ability to quantify the model analytes estrone, estradiol, and ethinylestradiol in a complex matrix regarding recovery rates and limits of detection. Calibrations were performed for the three analytes using both fluorescence methods. Limits of detection between 0.01 and 0.85 microg/l are achieved. In addition, measurements in synthetic waste water spiked with the analytes were performed. Both immunoassays allow the detection in waste water with recovery rates in the range of 70-112%. 相似文献
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采用常规分离方法,以高岭土悬液絮凝能力为指标,从活性污泥中筛选霉菌,并对其基本特性和处理制革废水的可行性进行研究。结果获得2株絮凝活性高的霉菌,经初步鉴定为米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。对处理制革废水,色度、氨氮、化学需氧量(COD)和铬的去除都有明显效果,宜作为制革废水生物处理的絮凝剂。 相似文献
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完全混合生物工艺脱除二氧化硫气体 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用完全混合生物处理工艺, 以预酸化的废糖蜜作为碳源进行了微生物法去除SO2 气体的研究, 在简单粗放的实验条件下, 研究了脱硫脱硫弧菌对预酸化的废糖蜜中有机酸的利用情况和对较高浓度SO2 气体的去除效果, 并对产物H2S 在第二级生物反应器中的去除率进行了测定。实验结果表明, 脱硫脱硫弧菌能利用预酸化的废糖蜜中的丙酮酸和乳酸作为碳源, 乙酸作为主要转化产物, 当二氧化硫进口浓度在1 865?4 637 mg/m3 之间时, 在1#生物反应器中, SO2 去除率在91%以上, 最终出口SO2 去除率为95.5%, 产生的H2S 在2#反应器中几乎被脱氮硫杆菌全部转化,平均去除率为98%, 菌体浓度均十分稳定, 系统运行状况良好。 相似文献
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氨基酸废水处理技术的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氨基酸废水处理技术一直是国内外氨基酸生产厂家和环保界的研究热点。本文对国内外氨基酸废水处理方法,如膜分离法、生物法等进行了详细评述,认为生物法是解决我国氨基酸废水污染的最终出路,同时提出将三维电极电化学法应用于氨基酸废水的处理,具有重要的理论意义和实际的应用价值。 相似文献
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In this paper, a new ‘turn‐on' fluorescence probe for the rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of hypochlorite is reported. The push–pull type trianiline–tricyanofuran‐based fluorescent probe was prepared using a condensation reaction between tricyanofuran and the thiophene–trianiline derivative that had high quantum yields and showed aggregation‐induced emission enhanced properties. Upon exposure to hypochlorite, prominent fluorescence enhancement of the probe was observed via the release of the fluorophore from the probe. The probe showed a ratiometric absorption change at 315 nm and 575 nm. Importantly, the probe showed an excellent detection limit for hypochlorite at 1.2 × 10?7 M in solution and it was successfully applied for monitoring hypochlorite in waste water by test strip. This work reports a new fluorescence analytical sensing method for hypochlorite that has potential practical value in environmental monitoring and biological discrimination. 相似文献
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Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) of mixed waste streams is becoming increasingly popular as a method for treating municipal solid waste (MSW). Whilst this process can separate many recyclates from mixed waste, the resultant organic residue can contain high levels of heavy metals and physical and biological contaminants. This review assesses the potential end uses and sustainable markets for this organic residue. Critical evaluation reveals that the best option for using this organic resource is in land remediation and restoration schemes. For example, application of MSW-derived composts at acidic heavy metal contaminated sites has ameliorated soil pollution with minimal risk. We conclude that although MSW-derived composts are of low value, they still represent a valuable resource particularly for use in post-industrial environments. A holistic view should be taken when regulating the use of such composts, taking into account the specific situation of application and the environmental pitfalls of alternative disposal routes. 相似文献
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介绍了生物实验废物来源、种类及其危害;提出了实验污染物分类处理的措施;对实验室建设、新型人才培养、保护环境具有现实意义。 相似文献
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In this study, mainly biological treatment of prawn waste for chitin production was investigated. Lactic acid and protease
fermentations were applied to extract chitin from prawn waste in the presence of various glucose concentrations. The results
obtained were also compared with those of chemical method which was consisted of first mineral removal and then protein removal
sequence. Different strategies were applied using lactic acid producing bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, and a protease producer, marine bacterium Teredinobacter turnirae. Both bacteria were first cultivated individually and then cofermented. In their individual cultivation, L. lactis removed the inorganic materials efficiently, while T. turnirae performed better in deproteinization process. Cofermentation of both bacteria was also conducted using three different protocols.
The highest process yield (95.5%) was obtained when T. turnirae was first inoculated. Although the extraction of chitin by biological treatment was incomplete compared to the chemical method,
the biological treatment employed here could still be considered as an alternative method in a more environmentally benign
approach. 相似文献
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A comprehensive biomonitoring programme should integrate several methods distributed along the biomonitoring chain, allowing to detect exposure, threads and impacts. In the case of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), biomonitoring of air pollution can contribute to source attribution, detection of ongoing processes and assessment of environmental effects. Three different methods were used to assess the biological effects of air pollution around a MSWI using lichens as biomonitors: (1) lichen diversity; (2) bioaccumulation of trace elements; and (3) physiological status (photosynthetic efficiency, cell membrane damage, viability). The first method takes into account the native lichen flora, while the other two were applied to thalli of the lichen Evernia prunastri transplanted for 6 months in the study area. Lichen diversity and physiological parameters reflected the effects of air pollution around the incinerator and the surrounding industrial area. High frequencies of non-nitrophilous species corresponded to sites with higher environmental quality, while high frequencies of nitrophilous species corresponded to sites with higher level of eutrophication. Transplanted samples showed increased cell membrane damage and reduced vitality respect to control samples. Bioaccumulation of trace elements pointed at the atmospheric origin of Hg depositions in the area. These results suggest that an integrated use of lichen-based methods along the biomonitoring chain can provide useful biological outputs for decision-makers to establish correct sustainable waste management policies. 相似文献
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Due to its universality, swarm behavior in nature attracts much attention of scientists from many fields. Fish schools are examples of biological communities that demonstrate swarm behavior. The detection and tracking of fish in a school are of important significance for the quantitative research on swarm behavior. However, different from other biological communities, there are three problems in the detection and tracking of fish school, that is, variable appearances, complex motion and frequent occlusion. To solve these problems, we propose an effective method of fish detection and tracking. In this method, first, the fish head region is positioned through extremum detection and ellipse fitting; second, The Kalman filtering and feature matching are used to track the target in complex motion; finally, according to the feature information obtained by the detection and tracking, the tracking problems caused by frequent occlusion are processed through trajectory linking. We apply this method to track swimming fish school of different densities. The experimental results show that the proposed method is both accurate and reliable. 相似文献
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Peroxidation of lipids produces low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds, which are reactive with biological nucleophiles. The analysis of these compounds is often difficult. A multicomponent method for the determination of 11 of them in biological samples is reported. The samples are subjected to a pretreatment-derivatization procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis with either electron-capture detection (ECD) or mass-selective detection (MSD) in the selected-ion monitoring mode. The procedure involves derivatization of the analyte with 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine, extraction with n-hexane, and separation of the derivatization products on a nonpolar gas chromatographic column. The concentration of the derivatization reagent, pH, reaction time, temperature, and presence of extraneous ions were investigated to determine the optimal derivatization conditions. Under these conditions, the method allows for the selective detection of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds at femtomole levels in several biological materials such as plasma, urine, and bovine serum albumin without interferences. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.01-0.2 microM for ECD and 0.15-1.5 microM for MSD. The mean procedural recoveries obtained during the method validation were within the range 85-95% and the intra- and interassay standard deviations do not exceed 4.6 and 6.1%, respectively. 相似文献
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A simple capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of biospherically important oxyanions of selenium (Se) and tellurium and another Se-containing anion, selenocyanate, has been developed. The method uses direct UV absorption detection. Time course experiments with time slices as short as 6 min are possible. This method's detection limits and linear range compare well with other methods involving samples containing complex biological matrices. The metalloid-containing anions examined were selenocyanate, selenite, selenate, tellurite, and tellurate. We applied this method to live cultures of two different bacteria in two different growth media in time course experiments following the changes in metalloid-containing anion concentrations. The results show that this method is a useful means of following the biological processing of these analytes in bacterial cultures. 相似文献
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Summary A method for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajorcaju on a relatively large scale using cotton waste as substrate has been developed, and the mushroom so obtained has higher protein content than and comparable carbohydrate content to Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus. The crude fats, ash, energy value, vitamin and mineral contents are lower and yet the differences are not great. The biological efficiency from cotton waste compost is lower than that from straw compost, however, the former has the advantage of giving rather even yield over successive flushes. This mushroom has a high potential to be produced economically on a large scale in Hong Kong. 相似文献