对"扩散"和"渗透"的讨论

自由扩散和协助扩散都是可自由运动的微粒通过热运动而发生的2种过膜扩散．生物体内的渗透是自由水通过生物膜的协助扩散。     

Reflections on the problem of "discreteness" and "steady state" in living processes

A survey is given over the different meaning of the dialectic pair of terms continuity and discontinuity in philosophy contrasting with sciences. In mathematics, the term continuum is defined by Cantor in set theory as the innumerable multitude of the real numbers especially in the interval [0, 1]. The discontinuum means in Cantor's definition the rational fractions in [0, 1] which in triadic development do not contain the figure 1 [written I). In a more general sense, continuum is used in the mechanics of continuous fluids and gases in physics as well as in physiology. Here, the use of this term neglects the reality of intermolecular spaces intentionally. To employ in the life sciences, the pair of terms steady state and discreteness is clearer. Processes of life mostly are steady in the sense of balanced proceedings but numbers of individuals, cells, molecules, sexes etc, are discrete only. For example, the difference or the dimorphism between males and females is a distinct one between two different conditions but cannot be projected on "discontinuity". Discreteness as a term comprehends Boole an variables as are male-female, living-dead, as well as crowds of measure points.     

<生态旅游>一书评介

近年来生态旅游一词频频见于宣传媒体 ,它代表一种时尚 ,更是反映人类自我教育、自我完善的一种行动。旅游活动从来都是作为个人的行为 ,作为某种精神和物质的消费。然而 ,随着全球性生态危机的出现 ,人们的环境意识不断增强。从关心自身到关心环境 ,从追求当前利益到追求长远的可持续发展 ,一种新的生态观正在形成。这就是生态旅游出现的时代背景。生态旅游被认为是旅游可持续发展的最佳模式 ,成为当代世界旅游业的新时尚 ,代表了 2 1世纪旅游业发展的方向和潮流。我国幅员辽阔 ,地貌、气候类型复杂 ,生物多样性丰富 ,有着开展生态旅游活动…     

生态学的“教”与“做”的教学模式探讨

根据高等师范院校培养具有创新知识和创新能力的新型人才的办学宗旨．从本校生态学课程开设理论教学学时数少、实验教学刚起步的实情出发,结合生态学基础性强、研究范围广、应用范围宽的学科特点,阐述了在生态学教学中,为了营造良好的生态学学习情境、激发学生的学习兴趣,教师为“教”所进行的筛选课程内容、改进教学方法和构建新的实验体系与培养学生探究应用能力即“做”的教学模式探讨与体会。     

From "butyribacterium" to "E. coli": an essay on unity in biochemistry

New ideas in science frequently arise from neglected or distorted antecedents. This essay deals with the idea of biochemical unity, encapsulated in Jacques Monod's well-known phrase, dating from 1954: "Anything found to be true of E. coli must also be true of elephants." An earlier version of this phrase,--"From the elephant to butyric acid bacterium--it is all the same!"--was coined in 1926 by the Dutch microbiologist Albert Jan Kluyver. In that year Kluyver and his associate Hendrick Jean Louis Donker published a celebrated paper, "Unity in Biochemistry." The concept of biochemical unity had many antecedents, but these had never caught on. The Kluyver-Donker paper has often been regarded to provide a boost to biochemical and especially to microbiological thinking. Its interpretations and misinterpretations represent an encapsulated history of biochemistry. The present paper examines the history of the concept of biochemical unity from before to beyond Kluyver, investigates the two "elephant" phrases and their possible relationships, and ends with a discussion of the attractiveness of unifying ideas in science.     

释植物学名中“Tangut"一词

Tangut一词是指我国隋唐时期在西陲众多的羌族部落支系中的一支,称党项羌.到北宋时,党项族逐渐强大,建立西夏王国,自称大夏.本文分析了以Tangut-为种加词语干的40余个种的学名,以它们的主模式、后选模式或合模式的分布区为依据并吸取前人的研究结果,划出唐古特区系的范围.本区系的范围,北方以甘肃祁连山南坡为界,最北起自镜铁山,向南一直延至甘肃洮河流域,南方以青海布尔汗布达山和阿尼玛卿山(积石山)为界,西起柴达木盆地东缘(不包括柴达木盆地),东边从洮河向西延伸至四川东北部一小部分,大致为松潘、理县以北地区.我们深知一个植物区系的界定需要考虑许多因素,在这里仅以一些分类群的采集地区为依据是不充分的.但又考虑到本区系包括的范围不大,而收集到分类群达40个之多,我们的分析可以看做是从历史的角度划分植物区范围的探索性尝试.