Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy in a patient with colon cancer after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A number of patients undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) under various conditions. Open colectomy is usually performed for colon cancer in patients with PEG because the safety of the laparoscopic approach for such patients has not been established. However, if the laparoscopic approach is possible in patients with PEG, it will be less invasive and more helpful in rehabilitation into society. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 64-year-old male with a T1 adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon 2 years after surgery for nasal cancer and PEG for dysphagia. The patient did not have any distant metastases or malignant tumors on preoperative computed tomography and positronemission tomography. He underwent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC) with lymph node dissection. No complications developed during or after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: LAC could be a potential option for the treatment of colon cancer in patients who have undergone PEG. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of an ascending colon cancer treated with LAC under the condition of gastrostoma.     

Minimally invasive surgery in the field of gynecologic oncology

The aim of this paper was to present the results in minimal invasive surgery in the field of gynecologic oncology at General hospital Zabok, Croatia. 381 laparoscopic procedures were performed between 1994 and 1998. There were 263 operations of the benign adnexal masses, and 107 operations due to benign tumors of corpus uteri (there were 18 LAVH, 12 LH and 77 TLH). There were 11 laparoscopic operations due to carcinoma (1 ovary, 6 corpus and 4 cervix). Operations were: 3 LAVH (laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy), 5 TLH (total laparoscopic hysterectomy) with pelvic lymphadenectomy, 1 LAVH with pelvic lymphadenectomy, 1 coelio Shauta operation with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and paraaortal lymphadenectomy, and 1 laparoscopic adnexectomy. Among laparoscopic procedures in 370 patients operations were successfully performed as planed, while in 11 patients it was necessary to switch to laprotomy. Among serious complications of laparscopic operations it is necessary to note 2 lesions of the ureter and 1 lesion of the bladder. Laparoscopic lymphadenectomies were performed successfully; there were no serious early or late postoperative complications. There was no operative mortality. Even though many authors claim that laparoscopic operations in the field of gynecologic oncology are safe and have the same results as in open surgery, patients benefit from shorter recovery and better quality of life during laparoscopic procedures.     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术与传统开腹结肠癌根治术的临床对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜结肠癌根治术与传统开腹结肠癌根治术疗效的差别。方法:随机将86例结肠癌患者分为两组,各43例。腹腔镜组采用腹腔镜结肠癌根治术,传统开腹组采用开腹结肠癌根治术,观察两组患者手术情况及术后并发症情况。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数与传统开腹组比较无显著差异(P0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量少于传统开腹组、住院时间短于传统开腹组(P0.05);腹腔镜组排气时间短于传统开腹组(P0.01),两组并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:腹腔镜结肠癌根治术具有术中出血量少、创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间明显缩短等特点,可达到传统开腹手术的效果,值得广泛应用。     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:比较分析腹腔镜和开腹结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的临床疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法,将64例老年局部进展期结肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各32例,分别接受腹腔镜、开腹结肠癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术前后免疫功能变化、术后近远期并发症的发生情况及预后。结果:与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显延长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间则明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于开腹组(P<0.05),且与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者术后切口感染的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),两组其他近期并发症如吻合口瘘、吻合口出血,远期并发症如黏连性肠梗阻、切口疝的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组术后2年的局部复发率、1年和2年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌患者的临床疗效和预后相当,但腹腔镜手术对患者的免疫功能影响更小,且安全性更高。     

腹腔镜探查并治疗腹部恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助探查并治疗腹部恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻患者的可行性及安全性。方法:应用腹腔镜技术对我院42例腹部恶性肿瘤术后患者行手术治疗,其中包括良性粘连性肠梗阻14例、肿瘤复发16例、原发性结肠癌1例、恶性肠粘连11例。结果:42例患者均在腹腔镜下明确诊断,其中18例患者在完全腹腔镜下手术治疗,13例患者在腹腔镜辅助下行手术治疗,6例患者腹腔严重粘连中转开腹手术治疗,5例患者腹腔广泛转移行保守治疗。腹腔镜手术时间为35~290min,平均住院日9.2±1.7d。患者术后疼痛较轻、下床活动时间及肠道功能恢复时间短、术后并发症少。结论:恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻患者仍需手术治疗,在严格掌握手术适应症下,应用腹腔镜技术对恶性肿瘤术后肠梗阻病人的治疗是安全、可行的。     

Laporovaginal surgery in cervical cancer: a Croatian experience

With correct staging a large number of patients with cervical cancer FIGO stages IA2 and IB can be spared of unnecessary radiation therapy by laparoscopic assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy (LAVRH) as an option of radical surgical treatment in such patients. The development of laparovaginal surgery, indication and contraindication were presented. Also, the surgical technique was described in detail. Fifty-two patients were followed up in 2003 after LAVRH or open surgery, performed in our single center. Only 5 (14%) patients died from cervical cancer within 3 years following the treatment. They were all clinical stage IB treated with open surgery. There were 4 (11%) complications following treatment and they were all in patients with clinical stage IB, also treated with open surgery. There was no complication in LAVRH treated patients. The results and complications of the sole Croatian center performing LAVRH or open surgery in patients with cervical cancer FIGO stages IA and IB were similar to those in centers across the world.     

Laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Since the first clinical operation in June 1990 laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign renal disease has become widely accepted. Although the laparoscopic operation takes much longer than open surgery, there are considerable reductions in the length of postoperative hospital stay and the time taken to return to normal activities and to full recovery. Major complications were relatively common in early operations, but with more experience morbidity has been reduced. Laparoscopic nephrectomy for malignant renal disease is still controversial, largely because of the fear of release of malignant tissue into the abdominal cavity during the morcellation and retrieval of the diseased kidney. To prevent this, the kidney is removed intact through a 5-7 cm incision. Long term follow up is needed, however, before we will know whether the laparoscopic procedure is effective in preventing recurrence of cancer. New developments have improved various technical aspects of the operation, but stringent assessment of new techniques is necessary so that the medical community can decide which procedures should become routine practice.     

Thyroid cancer causing obstruction of the great veins in the neck

Tumor related pancreatic surgery has progressed significantly during recent years. Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with lymphadenectomy, including vascular resection, still presents the optimal surgical procedure for carcinomas in the head of pancreas. For patients with small or low-grade malignant neoplasms, as well as small pancreatic metastases located in the mid-portion of pancreas, central pancreatectomy (CP) is emerging as a safe and effective option with a low risk of developing de-novo exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency. Total pancreatectomy (TP) is not as risky as it was years ago and can nowadays safely be performed, but its indication is limited to locally extended tumors that cannot be removed by PD or distal pancreatectomy (DP) with tumor free surgical margins. Consequently, TP has not been adopted as a routine procedure by most surgeons. On the other hand, an aggressive attitude is required in case of advanced distal pancreatic tumors, provided that safe and experienced surgery is available. Due to the development of modern instruments, laparoscopic operations became more and more successful, even in malignant pancreatic diseases. This review summarizes the recent literature on the abovementioned topics.     

Advanced techniques in abdominal surgery.

Almost every abdominal organ is now amenable to laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is a routine procedure which also permits identification of other conditions initially confused with an inflamed appendix. However, assessment of appendiceal inflammation is more difficult. Almost all colonic procedures can be performed laparoscopically, at least partly, though resection for colonic cancer is still controversial. For simple patch repair of perforated duodenal ulcers laparoscopy is ideal, and inguinal groin hernia can be repaired satisfactorily with a patch of synthetic mesh. Many upper abdominal procedures, however, still take more time than the open operations. These techniques reduce postoperative pain and the incidence of wound infections and allow a much earlier return to normal activity compared with open surgery. They have also brought new disciplines: surgeons must learn different hand-eye coordination, meticulous haemostasis is needed to maintain picture quality, and delivery of specimens may be problematic. The widespread introduction of laparoscopic techniques has emphasised the need for adequate training (operations that were straight-forward open procedures may require considerable laparoscopic expertise) and has raised questions about trainee surgeons acquiring adequate experience of open procedures.     

Expert opinion on laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer parallels evidence from a cumulative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background

This study sought to synthesize survival outcomes from trials of laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer surgery, and to determine whether expert acceptance of this technology in the literature has parallel cumulative survival evidence.

Study Design

A systematic review of randomized trials was conducted. The primary outcome was survival, and meta-analysis of time-to-event data was conducted. Expert opinion in the literature (published reviews, guidelines, and textbook chapters) on the acceptability of laparoscopic colorectal cancer was graded using a 7-point scale. Pooled survival data were correlated in time with accumulating expert opinion scores.

Results

A total of 5,800 citations were screened. Of these, 39 publications pertaining to 23 individual trials were retained. As well, 414 reviews were included (28 guidelines, 30 textbook chapters, 20 systematic reviews, 336 narrative reviews). In total, 5,782 patients were randomized to laparoscopic (n = 3,031) and open (n = 2,751) colorectal surgery. Survival data were presented in 16 publications. Laparoscopic surgery was not inferior to open surgery in terms of overall survival (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.80, 1.09). Expert opinion in the literature pertaining to the oncologic acceptability of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer correlated most closely with the publication of large RCTs in 2002–2004. Although increasingly accepted since 2006, laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer remained controversial.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer is non-inferior to open surgery in terms of overall survival, and has been so since 2004. The majority expert opinion in the literature has considered these two techniques to be equivalent since 2002–2004. Laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer has been increasingly accepted since 2006, but remains controversial. Knowledge translation efforts in this field appear to have paralleled the accumulation of clinical trial evidence.     

腹腔镜与开放输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效分析

目的:比较腹腔镜与传统开放手术行输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果,评价腹腔镜手术的优势。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年9月~2013年2月45例行开放输尿管切开取石术(开放组)与33例行腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(腹腔镜组)患者的临床资料并进行比较。结果:78例手术均取石成功,腹腔镜组2例分别因结石逃逸入肾盂和输尿管炎症水肿粘连明显改行开放手术。腹腔镜组在术中出血量、术后下床时间、肛门排气时间、术后引流总量、术后引流时间、住院天数方面均显著优于开放组,而手术时间及住院总费用显著高于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现尿瘘、伤口愈合不良、严重血尿等并发症。结论:两组术式治疗输尿管结石均能有效取石,腹腔镜术式在很多方面拥有一定优势,传统切开取石也有自己的特点。临床上应综合考虑患者意愿、病情特点、术者操作水平、患方经济条件等一系列因素决定最终手术方式。     

腹腔镜CME手术与开腹CME手术对机体应激反应的影响

目的：通过观察我院结肠癌CME（结肠癌完整结肠系膜切除术）手术患者的临床治疗资料,探讨分析腹腔镜C／VIE手术与开腹CME手术后对患者机体应激反应的临床疗效。方法：对我院2011年3月至2012年3月接受外结肠癌CME手术40例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中共有20例患者接受腹腔镜CME手术（A组）,20例患者开腹CME手术（B组）,对比分析二组应激反应相关指标。结果：两组患者术后2天的三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）指标对比差异显著（P〈0．05）,但术后三天对比差异不显著（P〉0．05）,而两组患者在术后的促甲状腺激素刺激激素（TSH）值对比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论：对外结肠癌采用腹腔镜CME手术进行治疗,能够显著降低患者体内机体应激反应的持续时间,且有效缓解了应激反应的高强度,手术治疗后的身体恢复时间快,产生的临床效果显著,值得临床上进一步推广与研究。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,比较腹腔及与传统开腹术的优势,为临床研究提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对2008年5月至2012年7月在我院接受肠癌切除术的62例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为腹腔镜组(33例)和开腹组(29例),分别采取腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后排气时间、并发症、平均住院时间及住院费用等。结果:腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、平均住院时间均明显优于开腹组患者(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后无并发症,开腹组11例出现并发症,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的住院费用无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

GCC mRNA和hTERT mRNA在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者外周血中的表达及意义

目的:探讨腹腔镜和开腹手术对结直肠癌根治术患者外周血鸟苷酸环化酶C(GCC)m RNA和人端粒酶逆转录酶(h TERT)m RNA表达的影响及其意义。方法:按照随机数字表法将2009年8月-2014年4月我院收治的结直肠癌患者分为腹腔镜组和开腹手术组,通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)检测并比较两组患者外周血GCC m RNA和h TERT m RNA的表达情况。结果:与开腹手术组相比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间长、术中出血量少、术后排气早、住院时间短,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);两组患者手术前GCC m RNA和h TERT m RNA阳性率无显著差异(P0.05);两组患者手术后GCC m RNA和h TERT m RNA阳性率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜和开腹手术均会增加结直肠癌患者血行微转移,但腹腔镜结直肠根治术不会增加术后肿瘤血循环微转移的危险性。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术比较分析

目的:分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术与传统开腹术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,探讨腹腔镜手术的特点及优势,为临床外科手术提供参考。方法:选择2009年7月至2013年5月在我院进行腹腔镜手术的186例结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析,并与择期接受开腹手术的181例结直肠癌患者的临床效果进行对比。比较两组患者的平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间及并发症的发生率等。结果:与传统手术组相比,腹腔镜组患者的平均手术时间短、平均术中出血量少、术后肛门排气时间早、平均住院时间短,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后出现下肢静脉血栓1例、皮下气肿9例、高碳酸血症8例,并发症的发生率为7.14%;传统手术组术后出现切口感染10例、消化道出血13例,吻合口漏11例、并发症的发生率为12.90%。腹腔镜根治术患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于传统开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者的平均住院时间为(8.34±2.12)天,明显短于传统开腹手术组的(11.58±1.98)天,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜肝癌切除术与开放式肝癌切除术的疗效比较研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝癌切除手术治疗原发性肝癌的可行性及安全性。方法:选取2008年6月至2011年1月在我院行腹腔镜肝癌切除术的30例患者作为研究对象,另外选择同期在我院行开放式肝癌切除术的30例患者作为对照。结果:30例均在腹腔镜下成功地完成手术,其中22例行腹腔镜局部切除术,8例行肝左外叶切除术。手术时间103-142 min,出血量60-480mL,术后均未发生严重并发症,术后平均住院8.6 d。术后随访18~36个月,局部复发或种植性转移率与对照组无显著差异。结论:腹腔镜肝癌切除术是安全可行治疗原发性肝癌的手术方式。     

Fine-needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms

Among the patients directed to the Department of Endocrinology of the Institute of Internal Medicine for diagnostic examinations of the thyroid, 726 (647 women and 79 men, of age between 16 and 79 years) were qualified to surgery after scintigraphic detection of cold nodules. From this group, 474 patients had thin-needle biopsy specimens taken for cytologic examination. The results of the latter examinations have been compared with those of histologic examination performed on the tissue removed during surgery. The occurrence of a malignant tumor (in 99.1%--thyroid cancer) was found in 108 patients (22.8%) from the group having thin-needle biopsy performed. Comparison of the results of cytologic examination with those of postoperative histologic examination demonstrated low sensitivity of biopsy examination (50.0%), as opposed to high specificity (96.2%) and high accuracy (85, 3%). Analysis of the false-negative results (54/108) revealed that the main causes of errors are difficulties in differentiation of adenoma from follicular carcinoma. Widening of the indications to surgery by a group of patients with adenoma will increase sensitivity to 84.8% and will require including into the operated group of about 50% of patients with scintigraphically diagnosed cold nodules: The introduction of the new term: "urgent strumectomy", has been proposed; also a diagnostic algorithm, useful for early diagnosis of malignant tumors of the thyroid, has been discussed.     

肠镜下置入支架治疗左半结肠癌性梗阻的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨肠镜下置入支架治疗左半结肠癌性梗阻的应用价值。方法:对我院54例左半结肠癌性梗阻的患者行肠镜下支架置入术,恢复肠道通畅性。结果:24例患者永久性植入结肠内支架以姑息的治疗,30例患者暂时植入结肠支架,并行肠道准备,择期外科手术。术后患者无死亡,无相关并发症的发生,均痊愈出院。结论:肠镜下置入支架在治疗左半结肠癌性梗阻中有临床应用价值,既可作为姑息疗法,也可作为术前准备的一部分。     

腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床效果

目的:探讨腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年5月在本院经纤维结肠镜及活组织病理检查确诊为结肠癌的患者作为研究对象,并按照手术方式不同分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组两组,每组各选取93例。开腹手术组采用开腹完整结肠系膜结肠癌根治术进行治疗,腹腔镜手术组采用腹腔镜下完整结肠系膜切除结肠癌根治术进行治疗,比较两组的手术指标、术后并发症和手术质量。结果:与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜手术组手术时间延长,术中出血量减少,术后排气时间缩短,术后引流量减少,引流管拔管时间缩短,住院时间缩短(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症总发生率(20.43%)显著低于开腹手术组(35.48%)(P0.05);切口相关感染发生率(1.08%)明显低于开腹手术组(6.45%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);总感染发生率(11.83%)低于开腹手术组(30.11%)(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组均达到完整系膜切除标准,肿瘤组织、系膜等均整块完整切除且系膜未发现损伤,切除标本质量分级达到C级及以上,切除肠管均距离恶性肿瘤上缘10 cm、下缘15 cm,且对切除肠管上切缘及下切缘的病理组织学检查结果均未发现恶性肿瘤细胞。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组在清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤TNM病理分期方面比较均未发现具有统计学差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组肿瘤大小明显小于开腹手术组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的手术创伤小,可降低术后并发症发生率,但手术时间还有待优化,应用指征还有待进一步拓宽。     

肥胖病人急性阑尾炎腹腔镜手术与开腹手术临床效果比较分析

目的分析对肥胖急性阑尾炎病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2011年12月期间腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除相关资料。结果实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术病人的总体并发症发生率与致死率均较低,住院时间较短,住院费用较少,两种方法相比差异显著,具有统计学意义。结论对于肥胖病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术比实施开腹阑尾切除手术更为安全可靠,疗效更好,不论阑尾炎是否穿孔,腹腔镜阑尾切除手术应作为首选方法。