维吾尔族2 型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关因素分析

目的:探讨维吾尔族2型糖尿病肾病(DN)发病的相关临来因素。方法:分析292例维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的临床资科。结果:维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病(DN)发病率为43.49%(127/292)。DN患者的病程、SBP、TC、TG、FBG、HbAIC、LDL-C、BUN和Cr均显著高于NDN患者(P<0.05);但DBP、HDL-C、BMI之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Logistic归分析结果显示,DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、BUN、Cr是DN的危险因素(OR值>1)。结论:维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、BUN、Cr等参数与糖尿病肾病并发率之间有相关性。     

维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关因素分析

目的：探讨维吾尔族2型糖尿病肾病（DN）发病的相关临来因素。方法：分析292例维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的临床资科。结果：维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病（DN）发病率为43,49％（127／292）。DN患者的病程、SBP、TC、TG、FBG、HbAIC、LDL—C、BUN和Cr均显著高于NDN患者（P〈0．05）;但DBP、HDL．C、BMI之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。Logistic归分析结果显示,DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL—C、HbAlc、BUN、Cr是DN的危险因素（OR值〉1）。结论：维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的Did病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL—C、HbAlc、BUN、Cr等参数与糖尿病肾病并发率之间有相关性。     

TNF-α基因308位点的SNP与新疆维吾尔族2型糖尿病的易感性的关系

目的:研究TNF-α基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)308G-A位点与新疆地区雏吾尔族人2型糖尿病之间的关系.方法:以聚合酶链式反应-限制性内切酶长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,对120例2型糖尿病患者和120例正常对照者TNF-α基因308位点SNP多态性进行基因分型.采用酶联免疫法测定T2DM患者105例72例及正常对照98例血清TNF-α水平,利用统计学方法分析其影响因素.结果:SNP308多态性住点的基因型和等位基因频率在病例组和正常对照组中的分布存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);正常对照组血清TNF-α水平为(26.30±15.54)pg/ml较汉族人群低,病例组为(29.89±14.48)pg/ml,病例组与时照组TNF-α水平无差异(p＞0.05).病例组血清TNF-α与FPG、TC、FINS、LDL-C、HOMA-IR呈显著负相关.结论:(1)TNFΝα基因SNP308多态性位点与新疆地区维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病有明显相关性;(2)TNF-α水平在新疆维吾尔族糖尿病组与正常对照组之间差异无统计学意义.     

复方金线莲胶囊治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病初步研究

经药效学、急性毒性及临床初步观察表明,复方金线莲胶囊对Ⅱ型糖尿病有明显的疗效。     

维吾尔族手的测量与指型观察

本文观察、测量了18—25岁维吾尔族青年200人(男女各半)的左右手。借食、环二指远端的关系,将手分为甲、乙、丙三型,对比中得出女性甲型出现率各民族均高于男性。借小指远端与环指远侧指间关节纹的关系,可分长、短两型,长型小指是维族男性的一个特征。由所测量资料,将手分为七型。其中以Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型为常见型,女性以Ⅱ型为主,男性以Ⅲ型为主,并归纳出常见型手数据,以便为维族的机械装备和手套设计提供资料。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型的构建

动物模型在Ⅱ型糖尿病研究中发挥重要作用,对于深入研究糖尿病及其并发症的发病、预防、诊断和治疗有重要意义。本文就Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型的构建进行了概述,对发展新型构建糖尿病模型的方法具有重要的参考价值。     

新疆维吾尔族2型糖尿病人群肠道中Faecalibacterium prausnitzii的定量研究

目的 定量检测新疆维吾尔族2型糖尿病（T2DM）和糖耐量正常（NGT）人群肠道中的普拉梭菌（Faecalibacterium prausnitzii）水平。方法 提取上述人群粪便细菌总DNA后,采用16S rDNA基因实时荧光定量PCR对普拉梭菌水平进行定量检测;运用Pearson分析普拉梭菌水平与研究对象的空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、体重和体重指数（BMI）的相关性。结果 （1）16S rDNA基因实时定量PCR结果显示：与新疆维吾尔族NGT组相比,普拉梭菌水平在T2DM中较低（t=2.590,P=0.014）,差异有统计学意义。（2）新疆维吾尔族上述人群肠道中普拉梭菌水平与FBG呈负相关（r=‒0.434,P=0.012）,体重呈负相关（r=‒0.359,P=0.044）,TG呈负相关（r=‒0.410,P=0.034）。结论 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii水平在肠道中降低可能与2型糖尿病的发病有关,其机制需进一步研究探讨。     

辛伐他汀对Ⅱ型糖尿病合并肾病葡萄糖代谢的研究

目的:探讨辛伐他汀治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)合并肾病患者糖代谢水平的影响.方法:选取新乡医学院第一附属医院60名T2DM合并肾病患者行辛伐他汀治疗3个月.比较治疗前后空腹血糖(FBG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、脂联素(ANP)、C肽、HOMA-IR、胰岛素/葡萄糖比率(IGR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、空腹胰岛素水平(FINS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平等变化,以评价辛伐他汀对T2DM病合并肾病患者的治疗效果.结果:在辛伐他汀治疗3个月后的葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)中,对比治疗前,各时点血糖水平均显著下降(P＜0.05),而C肽与胰岛素在0 min和30 min时显著下降(P＜0.05).在辛伐他汀治疗后,HO-MA-IR、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、ISI、FINS、胰岛素AUC、血糖曲线下面积(AUC)、CRP、HbA1c、FBG与治疗前相比均显著下降(P＜0.05),尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)也明显下降(P＜0.01),但是APN(P＜0.01)以及C肽AUC(P ＜0.05)均显著上升,而校正胰岛素反应(CIR)及IGR无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论:辛伐他汀治疗可以改善胰岛素抵抗,提高患者对胰岛素的敏感性,并显著降低血糖,从而改善T2DM合并肾病患者的糖代谢.     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

Total and Central Obesity among Elderly Hispanics and the Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To report the prevalence of total and central obesity in a representative sample of Puerto Rican and Dominican elders in Massachusetts, to compare them with a neighborhood‐based group of non‐Hispanic white elders, and to examine associations of obesity indices with the presence of type 2 diabetes. Research Methods and Procedures: We examined the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity in 596 Hispanics of Caribbean origin, ages 60 to 92 years, and 239 non‐Hispanic whites, and tested linear and logistic regression models to determine associations among body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and diabetes. Results: Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) was prevalent among all ethnic groups, ranging from 17% to 29% for Dominican and Puerto Rican men, respectively, and from 29% to 40% for non‐Hispanic white and Dominican women, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Among Hispanic men and women, diabetes was prevalent across all BMI and WC categories but tended to be greatest among those with BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m² (41% to 43%). In contrast, diabetes was most prevalent in the obese group (36% to 45%) of non‐Hispanic whites. Both BMI and WC were associated with the presence of diabetes, but the coefficients were greater for non‐Hispanic whites than for Hispanics. Discussion: Caribbean Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites living in the same Massachusetts localities had high prevalences of overweight and obesity. Total and central obesity exerted a differential effect on the presence of diabetes among ethnic groups; for Hispanics, diabetes was prevalent even among non‐obese individuals, whereas for non‐Hispanic white women, the prevalence of diabetes was strongly associated with total and central obesity. Additional research is needed to investigate the factors associated with the differential effect of obesity on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white elders.     

Association between Type 2 Diabetes Loci and Measures of Fatness

Background

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and insulin resistance. The majority of T2D patients are obese and obesity by itself may be a cause of insulin resistance. Our aim was to evaluate whether the recently identified T2D risk alleles are associated with human measures of fatness as characterized with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA).

Methodology/Principal Findings

Genotypes and phenotypes of approximately 3,000 participants from cross-sectional ERF study were analyzed. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CDKN2AB, CDKAL1, FTO, HHEX, IGF2BP2, KCNJ11, PPARG, SLC30A8 and TCF7L2 were genotyped. We used linear regression to study association between individual SNPs and the combined allelic risk score with body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat percentage (FAT), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Significant association was observed between rs8050136 (FTO) and BMI (p = 0.003), FMI (p = 0.007) and WC (p = 0.03); fat percentage was borderline significant (p = 0.053). No other SNPs alone or combined in a risk score demonstrated significant association to the measures of fatness.

Conclusions/Significance

From the recently identified T2D risk variants only the risk variant of the FTO gene (rs8050136) showed statistically significant association with BMI, FMI, and WC.     

半乳糖苷凝集素-3与肥胖及2型糖尿病

肥胖及2型糖尿病是代谢紊乱相关的慢性低度系统炎症状态。半乳糖苷凝集素-3（galectin-3）是一种β-半乳糖苷结合蛋白,在炎症、信号转导、细胞增殖与分化等过程中发挥重要作用。新近的研究表明,半乳糖苷凝集素-3在患肥胖和2型糖尿病的人及鼠类体内高表达,对鼠类体脂的沉积、脂肪细胞分化、血糖浓度、胰岛素敏感性、葡萄糖耐受性和系统炎症等具有重要影响。本文综述了半乳糖苷凝集素-3的结构、分布及其对肥胖和2型糖尿病的调控作用与分子机制,以期为研发针对半乳糖苷凝集素-3靶点的新药提供重要思路和参考。     

Type 2 diabetes in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China

Background

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of type 2 diabetes and to determine the status of type 2 diabetes awareness, treatment, and control in Xinjiang, China. Our data came from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey (CRS) study designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Xinjiang from October 2007 to March 2010. A total of 14 122 persons (5583 Hans, 4620 Uygurs, and 3919 Kazaks) completed the survey and examination. Diabetes was defined by the American Diabetes Association 2009 criteria.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Overall, 9.26% of the Han, 6.23% of the Uygur, and 3.65% of the Kazak adults aged ≥35 years had diabetes. Among diabetes patients, only 53.0% were aware of their blood glucose level, 26.7% were taking hypoglycemic agents, and 10.4% achieved blood glucose control in Han, 35.8% were aware of their blood glucose level, 7.3% were taking hypoglycemic agents, and 3.13% achieved blood glucose control in Uygur, and 23.8% were aware of their blood glucose level, 6.3% were taking hypoglycemic agents, and 1.4% achieved blood glucose control in Kazak, respectively.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results indicate that diabetes is highly prevalent in Xinjiang. The percentages of those with diabetes who are aware, treated, and controlled are unacceptably low. These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention, detection, and treatment of diabetes in Xinjiang, the west China.     

Abdominal Obesity and Brain Atrophy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with gray matter atrophy. Adiposity and physical inactivity are risk factors for T2D and brain atrophy. We studied whether the associations of T2D with total gray matter volume (GMV) and hippocampal volume (HV) are dependent on obesity and physical activity.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we measured waist-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), mean steps/day and brain volumes in a community dwelling cohort of people with and without T2D. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined whether WHR, BMI and physical activity mediated or modified the association between T2D, GMV and HV.

Results

There were 258 participants with (mean age 67±7 years) and 302 without (mean age 72±7 years) T2D. Adjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, T2D was independently associated with lower total GMV (p = 0.001) and HV (p<0.001), greater WHR (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001), and lower mean steps/day (p = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates, the inclusion of BMI and mean steps/day did not significantly affect the T2D-GMV association, but WHR attenuated it by 32% while remaining independently associated with lower GMV (p<0.01). The T2D-HV association was minimally changed by the addition of BMI, steps/day or WHR in the model. No statistical interactions were observed between T2D and measures of obesity and physical activity in explaining brain volumes.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity or its downstream effects may partially mediate the adverse effect of T2D on brain atrophy. This requires confirmation in longitudinal studies.     

Association between Telomere Length and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Several epidemiological studies have examined the association between shortened telomere length and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while the results remained conflicting. We conducted a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between them.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for all studies on the association between telomere length and T2DM. We conducted this study assessed by STATA 11.0. Data were summarized using random-effects or fixed-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity and publication bias among studies were examined by using χ²-based Q statistic test and Egger’s test, respectively.

Results

Nine cohorts consisting of 5759 cases and 6518 controls were selected into the meta-analysis. The results indicated that shortened telomere length was significantly associated with T2DM risk (OR: 1.291; 95% CI: 1.112, 1.498; P<0.001) with heterogeneity (I² = 71.6%). When three cohorts responsible for the heterogeneity were excluded, the pooled OR for the remaining cohorts indicated a significant association between shortened telomere length and T2DM (OR: 1.117; 95% CI: 1.002, 1.246; P = 0.045) without heterogeneity.

Conclusion

We found a statistically significant association between shortened telomere length and T2DM.     

Association between Type 2 Diabetes and CDKN2A/B: a meta-analysis study

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A/B (CDKN2A/B) has been reported as a candidate gene of type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on its chromosomal position and its important role in β-cell function and regeneration. However, studies to date have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between T2D and CDKN2A/B. To clarify this inconsistence, we conducted a meta-analysis based on alleles and genotypes prevalence of rs10811661 and rs564398 in CDKN2A/B. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline databases were systematically reviewed for studies published between January, 2006, and November, 2010. A total of 35 reports were collected, among of them only 16 studies (including 24,407 cases and 33,937 controls) match the inclusion criteria and were selected for the statistical test. In the meta-analysis of published data, our results suggest that the rs10811661 T allele (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.21–1.36, P < 1 × 10⁻⁵) and TT genotype (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22–1.43, P < 1 × 10⁻⁵) of CDKN2A/B were associated with type 2 diabetes respectively, but rs564398 was not (for allele only: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88–1.05, P = 0.35). The association between rs10811661 T allele and T2D was observed both in Asia (P < 1 × 10⁻⁴) and Europe ethnicity groups (P = 0.002). This meta-analysis yielded evidence that rs10811661 of CDKN2A/B confers risk for T2D. Larger studies with mixed ethnicity subjects are required to validate our findings.