土壤杆菌sp．S－1231胞外多糖的流变学性能研究

从北京地区土样中分离到一株土壤杆菌Agrobacterium sp．s-1231。在适宜条件下,经4天培养,它能以糖类为底物产生24g／L胞外多糖。在相同浓度时,该多糖能产生比黄单胞菌多糖Kelzan更高的粘度。0．2％、O．5％和1．O％该多糖的粘度分别是840、5200和15000 cp(Brookfield LVF粘度计,6rpm)。除具良好的剪切稀化性能及在广范pH内呈现极好的稳定性外,它还可与高浓度盐溶液配伍并呈现与在淡水中相似的剪切稀化性能。特别是它还具有可与阳离子染料配伍而不生成沉淀的特性。与其他微生物多糖不同,在65℃前,该多糖的粘度维持恒定,但升至很窄的温度范围70—75℃间,粘度急剧下降。     

细菌胞外多糖提取优化及毒性试验研究

本文优化了提取Rhizobium sp.N613胞外多糖(REPS)的工艺条件,以发酵液pH值、乙醇浓度以及醇沉时间为因子,采用响应面法试验获得了REPS的最佳提取条件,即pH 5.9,乙醇浓度74%,醇沉时间16.5h。在该条件下,胞外多糖提取率为9.28±0.06 g·L -1,其纯度达97%,收率达93.6%。此外,还进行了REPS的特性粘度、急性毒性测试和蓄积毒性实验,结果表明该多糖具有粘度高、无毒性的特点,在食品医药领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

日本用微生物发酵制取多糖

日本开发用迟缓芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslentus FERM—3337)利用葡萄糖、麦芽糖浆、糊精、玉米淀粉、淀粉糖化物等作碳源生产多糖,该多糖粘性大,可作食品增粘剂,化妆品添加剂,医药品的赋型剂等。该菌发酵条件:pH5—8,20—40℃温度,通气搅拌,发酵液中多糖粘度     

超声波降解紫球藻胞外多糖研究

通过测定溶液粘度,判断超声波降解紫球藻(Porphyridium cruentumi)胞外多糖的效果。运用均匀设计对超声波降解紫球藻胞外多糖的影响因素(处理振幅、时间、脉冲)进行优化,获得超声波处理的最佳条件:振幅39%、处理时间245s和脉冲9.5s。在最佳条件下,胞外多糖的粘度为2.98mm²/s,与预测值一致。采用DPS软件对实验结果进行二次多项式分析与拟合,并对模型和回归系数进行显著性检验,建立了以胞外多糖粘度为目标的回归方程式。     

产碱杆菌NX-3胞外多糖的结构与性能*

一株产碱杆菌NX-3分泌的可溶性胞外多糖(PS-238)经醇析、Sevag法脱蛋白、透析、冷冻干燥得分析样品,酸水解后经TLC、GC以及化学法、IR和高碘酸氧化分析测得PS-238是由葡萄糖、甘露糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成的杂多糖,糖苷键类型主要为(1→3)和(1→4)。此外考察多糖溶液粘度与剪切速率、溶液浓度、温度、酸碱度以及盐离子种类和浓度等因素之间的关系,结果表明多糖水溶液的流体特征表现为假塑型,25℃时1%的水溶液粘度可达3,300 cp,耐酸碱,在pH2~13的范围内粘度稳定;耐高温,在150℃     

为一种用途极广的新型材料短梗霉多糖呼吁

短梗霉多糖(Pullulan)是由出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)产生的一种胞 外多糖,其结构为α-1.6糖苷键联结的聚麦芽三糖(为α-1.4键联结的三聚葡萄糖),为中性的线性大分子。其分子量因产生菌和发酵条件的差异而有较大变化,通常为1-100万。短梗霉多糖在水中可无限溶解,其水溶液粘度随浓度和分子量增加而增加,与其它类型多糖相比粘度低得多,浓度10％的分子量10万的短梗霉多糖水溶液粘度仅为30厘泊。     

植物多糖胶流变性质的研究

胡芦巴、皂荚、野皂荚和塔拉多糖胶水溶液随着浓度的增加,溶液表现为假塑性流体．表现粘度随剪切速率增大而减小。通过Cross模型和实验数据计算得到1％多糖胶零剪切速率时表现粘度η0、无穷大剪切速率时表现粘度η∞和弹性松驰时间等重要流变参数。根据Arrhenius方程和实验数据计算得到1％浓度多糖胶的粘度流化能E和常数A,皂荚胶和塔拉胶的粘流活化能大。时间对多糖胶液粘度影响较大,新配制的多糖胶液随着水化时间的延长,胶液表观粘度增大,胶液放置时间超过24h后,表现粘度随时间的延长而降低。pH值、冻融处理和盐离子对多糖胶表现粘度的影响不太大。多糖胶与硼离子形成的冻胶．其粘度因多糖胶品种而异,其中胡芦巴冻胶粘度最高,是野皂荚冻胶粘度的165倍和瓜尔胶冻胶粘度的2．7倍。     

阳离子皂荚多糖在洗发水中的应用性能研究

将自制的阳离子皂荚多糖(取代度0.161)添加到洗发水配方中,对不同添加量的梳理性、硅油沉积量、泡沫性能、粘度稳定性进行了研究。试验结果:阳离子皂荚多糖的适宜添加量为0.5%;自制的阳离子皂荚多糖胶和取代度相近的阳离子瓜尔胶对硅油的沉降功能相近;添加阳离子皂荚多糖后,泡性性能、粘度稳定性均较好。综合其试验结果,阳离子皂荚多糖胶可以作为洗发水调理剂,其性能与传统的阳离子瓜尔胶相近,可作为后者的替代产品。     

固氮菌Klebsiella variicola GN02基因序列及其分泌胞外多糖的相关特性

【背景】一些固氮菌能分泌胞外多糖,与宿主植物的关系密切,在提供氮素和促进植物生长有重要作用。【目的】进行固氮菌Klebsiella variicola GN02的基因序列分析,了解分泌胞外多糖的相关基因和其蛋白的结构特性。【方法】用二代和三代测序技术相结合的方法对GN02菌株进行全基因组分析,并对其分泌的胞外多糖进行理化、结构特性解析。【结果】GN02菌株基因组中含有许多与氮代谢及多糖合成、分泌相关的基因及蛋白,该菌株培养后提取的胞外多糖得率为6.90g/L、分子量1.8×10³Da、比旋度[α]_D²⁵75°、粘度[η]80.28;多糖组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖,为(1→3)及(1→6)糖苷键连接的β构型多糖,具有多糖的红外光谱特征吸收峰。【结论】提供了K.variicola GN02菌株基因组序列,解析了分泌胞外多糖的基因相关蛋白、理化性质及结构特性,有助于进一步了解该固氮菌分泌多糖的机理及为植物促生作用的相关性研究提供基础。     

多粘芽孢杆菌204产生的高粘性多糖性质的研究

多粘芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)204能在萄葡糖培养基中,产生具有高粘性的胞外多糖,发酵48—72h产率为12g/L。在浓度为0.6％,1.0％和1.5％时,它的粘度分别为327,3715和44650厘泊、该菌产生的胞外多糖是一种酸性多糖,它由葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖组成;其克分子比为5:5:2;糖醛酸含量为5.5％;其中1％水溶液具有加热熔化、冷却后凝固的类琼脂性质。本文还讨论了浓度、pH、加热温度和时间,以及添加盐类对比多糖的影响。毒性试验证明,此多糖是无毒的,LD50>10g/kg。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.