3,3′-di-O-Methylellagic acid 4-O-rhamnoside from the roots of Prosopis juliflora

From the roots of Prosopis juliflora a new glycoside, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and procyanidin have been characterized.     

Inducibly-formed isoflavonoids from leaves of soybean

Isoformononetin, glyceollins I, II and 2-isopentenyl-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan (glyceocarpin) accumulated in soybean (Glycine max) leaves after treatment with aqueous sodium iodoacetate or a cell suspension of the bacterium, Pseudomonas pisi. These compounds were also accompanied by two previously unreported pterocarpans, glyceofuran its 9-O-methyl derivative. Glyceocarpin is described for the first time as a plant product.     

Sesquiterpenes from Liabum floribundum

The aerial parts of Liabum floribundum afrorded in addition to widespread triterpenes two new eudesmane derivatives and a keto acetate derived from germacra-1(10),4-diene.     

Quercetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1 → 6)-glucoside,a compound from narrowleaf vetch with antibacterial activity

A new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-galactosyl-(1 → 6)-glucoside, has been isolated from above-ground parts of narrowleaf vetch, Vicia angustifolia. Its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae is compared with that of several other flavonol glycosides.     

A widespread Neotropical Bradyrhizobium lineage associated with Machaerium and Desmodium (Papilionoideae)

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were used to compare bacterial strains from the liana Machaerium milliflorum and the herb Desmodium axillare at two lowland forests 440 km apart in Panama and Costa Rica. Out of 27 multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types or ETs) detected in the isozyme analysis, only two ETs were found in both locations. Nevertheless, these shared ETs were closely related to a cluster including 11 other common ETs that represented 72% and 80%, respectively, of all bacterial isolates sampled in Panama and Costa Rica. Isolates in this group from both locations and from both legume hosts all had identical sequences for a highly polymorphic 5 portion of 23S rRNA, while nine other ETs outside this cluster all had unique sequences. This indicates that both sites are occupied by one primary lineage of nodule symbionts that is both locally predominant and geographically widespread. However, this group coexists with numerous other rare bacterial lineages whose ecology, distribution, and relationships require further study.     

Petrostyrene,a cinnamylphenol from Machaerium acutifolium

The trunkwood of Machaeriun acutifolium contains, in addition to pinosylvin monomethyl ether and (+)-medicarpin, a cinnamylphenol, petrostyrene [E-1-(5-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylene], whose characterisation relied on spectra and synthesis of the dimethyl and diethyl ethers.     

Acylated betacyanins from Drosanthemum floribundum

Four new acylated betacyanins have been isolated from flowers of Drosanthemum floribundum (Haw.) Schwant. These pigments were characterized as hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives of betanin and isobetanin.     

Duartin,an isoflavan from Machaerium opacum

The heartwood of Machaerium opacum contains 2,3-dimethoxyphenol, the stilbenes pinosylvin monomethyl ether and dimethyl ether, and the isoflavans (?)-duartin and (?)-mucronulatol. The structure of (3S)-7,3′-dihydroxy-8,2′,4′-trimethoxyisoflavan was deduced for duartin and the constitution confirmed by synthesis of the racemate.     

Vestitol and vesticarpan,isoflavonoids from Machaerium vestitum

The wood of Machaerium vestitum contains the previously described O-acetyloleanolic aldehyde, formononetin, (+)-medicarpin, and (?)-mucronulatol, besides (+)-vestitol [(3S)-7,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavan] and (+)-vesticarpan [(6aS,11aS)-3,10-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan]. The constitutions of vestitol and vesticarpan were deduced by spectra and confirmed by syntheses.     

On the reported molluscicidal activity from Tephrosia vogelii leaves

The rotenoids deguelin and tephrosin were isolated from leaves of Tephrosia vogelii, together with three flavonol glycosides, rutin, isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-arabinoside. Although T. vogelii leaves are reportedly toxic to aquatic snails, deguelin and tephrosin were found to have no significant molluscicidal activity.     

Isolation of hopane triterpenes and other constituents from Machaerium brasiliense vogel (Fabaceae)

Phytochemical study of Machaerium brasiliense leaves extract afforded three hopane triterpenes 3,4-seco-21β-H-hop-22 (29)-en-3-oic acid (1), hopenone B (2), hopene B (3). In addition, lupeol (4), stigmasterol (5), β-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), uracil (8), allantoin (9) and trans-4-hydroxy-N-methylproline (10) were isolated. The structures of these compounds were established based on spectroscopic data in comparison to those described in literature. Considering the chemotaxonomic relevance of the isolated compounds, this is the first report of triterpenes 1, 2 and 3 in Fabaceae family and compounds 7, 8 and 9 in the genus Machaerium. Besides, preliminary screening on antiproliferative and antioxidant activities was performed for MBEB and its fractions.     

Floral ontogeny in tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae):Dalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum s. l.Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius

Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume treesDalbergia brasiliensis, Machaerium villosum, Platymiscium floribundum, andPterocarpus rotundifolius were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies and to elucidate if floral ontogenetic data will provide new character states diagnostic of the tribe Dalbergieae, which is considered a basal papilionoid tribe and primarily defined on fruit characters. Organ inception is principally acropetal in all taxa studied. Carpel inception is, however, consistently precocious. InD. brasiliensis sepals are initiated in an order not previously reported in Papilionoideae. It may be considered modified helical. InP. rotundifolius the inner whorl of stamens initiate in an unusual way, this is lateral two stamens first, then the two abaxial ones, and last the adaxial one, opposed to the unidirectional order usually seen in Papilionoideae. Generally the differences in flower development among the studied genera appear at initiation and late stage in ontogenesis, rather than at mid-stage.     

A Sulfated Galactan from the Red Seaweed Hypnea charoides

The contents of acetoin and ethyl lactate in Japanese and foreign wines were determined by gas chromatography with direct injection method. Table wines (225 samples) contained from zero to 140 mg/liter(: 15~23 mg/liter) of acetoin and from traces to 534 mg/liter(: 116~196 mg/liter) of ethyl lactate. Sparkling wines (17 samples) showed almost the same ranges of the volatile contents as table wines. Acetoin was formed significantly by aerobic fermentation and also microbial contaminations. Small quantities of ethyl lactate were formed during alcoholic fermentation, while, the formation was promoted by addition of lactic acid to must or to wine, and also by malo-lactic fermentation: the facts revealed that the concentration of lactic acid is related to ethyl lactate formation.

As to the contribution of the volatile compounds on wine flavor, it was found that acetoin has little influence in most wines, however, ethyl lactate has appreciable influence in many wines.     

A prenylated flavan from Tephrosia madrensis

5,7-Dimethoxy-8-prenylflavan has been isolated and identified from aerial parts of Tephrosia madrensis.     

Rhynchospermin. A prenylated flavanol from Rhynchosia cyanosperma

A new flavanol has isolated from the leaves of Rhynchosia cyanosperma and identified as 8-C-prenylquercetin 7,4′-dimethyl ether (rhynchospermin).     

Amorinin,A prenylated chromenoflavanone from Amorpha fruticosa

A diprenylated chromenoflavanone has been characterized from the root bark of Amorpha fruticosa.     

Terpenoids from Salvia palaestina

Six known terpenoids: vergatic acid, ursolic acid, crataegolic acid, lupane-3β-,11α, 20-triol, sclareol and sitosteryl 3β-glucoside were isolated from the leaves of Salvia palaestina and were identified by spectral data. Among the compounds, sclareol showed high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the triterpenoids were not tested due to solubility problems.