Phaeosphaeria capensis sp. nov. fromAvicennia marina in South Africa

A new species ofPhaeosphaeria is described from mangroves in South Africa. InPhaeosphaeria capensis ascospores are 29–36×7–8 μm, cylindric-fusiform or somewhat clavate, widest at the middle, narrow at the base and rounded at the apex, (6-)7-septate, light brown or brown, minutely verruculose and surrounded by a spreading, mucilaginous sheath. It is compared withP. luctuosa andP. berlesei from grasses.     

The genusSavoryella from freshwater habitats,includingS. grandispora sp. nov.

The species ofSavoryella from freshwater are discussed and a key is provided.Savoryella grandispora sp. nov. from Malaysia is described and illustrated with interference contrast micrographs.     

Fusarium kyushuense sp. nov. from Japan

Four trichothecene-producing strains originally isolated from diseased wheat and a vinyl plate in Kyushu and Shikoku, Japan are described and illustrated as a new species,Fusarium kyushuense. This species does not produce chalamydospores, which is the key morphological character which distinguishes it fromF. sporotrichioides with which it has been mistaken.Fusarium kyushuense is also differentiated from another morphologically similar species,F. arthrosporioides, by absence of sclerotia and by differences in conidiogenesis of obovate, conidia. InF. arthrosporioides conidia are partly holoblastic from the aerial conidiophores and mostly phialidic from the sporodochial conidiophores, while inF. kyushuense conidia are mostly holoblastic and only produced from aerial conidiophores.     

Gloniella clavatispora, sp. nov. fromAvicennia marina in South Africa

A new species ofGloniella from dead intertidal wood attached to trees ofAvicennia marina is described. It differs from previously reportedGloniella species in having relatively large clavate ascospores.     

Description ofAvesicladiella gen. nov. (hyphomycetes) for two undescribed leaf litter microfungi

The new hyphomycete genusAvesicladiella with two species,A. britannica sp. nov., type species, andA. microsperma sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Both species are leaf litter microfungi. The genus closely resemblesVesicladiella, Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix, Ceratocladium andVermiculariopsiella, several hyphomycete genera with comparable characters such as superficial hyphal networks; production of setae; absence of conidiophores; lageniform or ampulliform conidiogenous cells; and hyaline aseptate conidia produced in clusters around the apices of conidiogenous cells. The new genus differs from these by its hyaline, septate setae, typical ‘phialidic’ conidiogenous cells, and hyaline, aseptate cylindrical conidia.     

Uredo maua, sp. nov., andUromyces tairae: Additions to the rust flora of Hawai'i

Uredo maua, onXylosma hawaiiense (Flacourtiaceae), an endemic tree of Hawaiian forests, is newly described as an addition to Hawai'i's native rust flora.Uredo wakensis, originally described from Wake Island and reported from other Pacific islands onTournefortia argentea (Boraginaceae), represents the uredinial state ofUromyces tairae, described from Okinawa. This rust is newly reported from Hawai'i.     

Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov., andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov. from petioles ofNypa fruticans, and a list of fungi from aerial parts of this host

Two new ascomycetes,Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov., are described from petioles ofNypa fruticans in Malaysia.Linocarpon angustatum differs from species in the genus in having needle-shaped ascospores.Neolinocarpon nypicola differs from species in the genus in having filiform ascospores which gradually taper towards the ends, and ascomata developing within well developed stromata. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light micrographs. The fungi known from aerial parts ofNypa fruticans are listed.     

青藏高原东缘的锈菌资料I.竹上的柄锈菌一新种

描述了采自四川西部山区竹上的柄锈菌一新种,即寄生在箭竹Sinarundinaria nitida(Mitf.) Nakai上的箭竹柄锈菌Puccinia sinarundinariae J-y. Zhuang & S.-x. Wei。模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

Otidea subterranea sp. nov.: Otidea goes below ground

Evidence suggests that truffle-like sporocarp forms have evolved many times in the Pezizales, but primarily from epigeous ancestors within ectomycorrhizal clades. There are several ectomycorrhizal clades, however, that contain no known hypogeous species. We collected specimens of an unusual unidentified truffle from mixed oak woodlands in Iowa. Although clearly a member of the Pezizales (Ascomycota), this hypogeous species did not belong to any of the described truffle genera. Based on a combination of ecological, phylogenetic, and morphological evidence we determined that this new truffle is a hypogeous member of the genus Otidea (Pyronemataceae), a lineage with no described truffle species. We describe it here as a new species, Otidea subterranea.     

The genusGeitleria (Cyanophyceae orCyanobacteria): Distribution ofG. calcarea andG. floridana n. sp.

The calcifying cave inhabitant atmophytic blue-green algaGeitleria calcarea is reported from new localities in Florida and in the Cook Islands.—G. floridana n. sp., is described from caves in Florida. The calcified sheath has the shape of a quadratic prism and is built of crystalline acicular subunits about 0.1 µm in diameter. The subunits mostly form a rhombic lattice pattern but in some cases, they are not distinguishable and then the surface of the sheath is smooth.This paper is dedicated with gratitude to my former teacher, Prof. Dr.Lothar Geitler, for his 80th birthday.     

Arecophila bambusae sp. nov. andA. coronata comb. nov., from dead culms of bamboo

A new species ofArecophila and a species previously known asAmphisphaeria coronata are described and illustrated from dead culms of bamboo.Arecophila bambusae sp. nov. is distinct in the genus in having ellipsoidal ascospores with slightly round ends, and asci with a narrow subapical ring.Arecophila coronata comb. nov. has asci with a wedgeshaped apical ring and weakly striated ascospores enclosed in wide mucilaginous sheath.     

Three new species and a new combination in the genusTorulomyces from soil

Seven isolates ofTorulomyces from Asian and Australian soil samples were studied in comparison with known taxa of the genus and withMonocillium indicum, the type species ofMonocillium. Three new species,Torulomyces parviverrucosus, T. laevis, andT. ovatus, are described, andT. brunneus is described as a new combination. Conidial characteristics, especially their shape and surface structure, are useful taxonomic criteria for distinguishing species ofTorulomyces. Monocillium is considered to be a distinct genus.     

Surculiseries rugispora gen. et sp. nov., a new endophytic mitosporic fungus from leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza

Surculiseries rugispora gen. et sp. nov. is described as an endophytic fungus from leaves ofBruguiera gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Iriomote Is., Okinawa, Japan. This fungus develops peculiar conditiongenous cells that resemble octopus legs with obvious sucker-like scars, and produces lentiform conidia with lines on surface. Sequence analysis of 18S rDNA places this new fungus in the family Xylariaceae and shows its close affinity to the genusAscotricha (anamorph:Dicyma).     

荨麻科三新种

该文描述了荨麻科三新种:(1)自中国重庆市发现的荨麻科荨麻属一新种,城口荨麻。此种与异株荨麻有亲缘关系,区别特征为此种的茎被少数刺毛,叶片多为心形,雄、雌花序均不分枝,瘦果在中央稍凹陷。(2)自中国广西发现的荨麻科赤车属一新种,来宾赤车。此种与特产云南东南部的富宁赤车相近缘,与后者的区别在于本种茎的毛开展或向上弯曲,叶片长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3~4枚花被片,其中1~2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具一长筒状突起。(3)自缅甸北部发现的荨麻科楼梯草属一新种,克钦楼梯草。此种在体态上与骤尖楼梯草甚为相似,与后者的区别在于本种的每一茎节具正常叶和一退化叶,托叶狭披针状条形和无脉,雌总苞苞片无角状突起,雌小苞片较大,呈楔状长圆形,雌花具一小花被片,以及雌蕊具一宽倒卵球形柱头。     

Elliptochloris bilobata,gen. et spec. nov., der Phycobiont vonCatolechia wahlenbergii

The phycobiont ofCatolechia wahlenbergii belongs to a new genus of theChlorococcales. It has mostly ellipsoidal, more rarely spherical cells with one bilobate through-shaped chloroplast and in general alveolar cytoplasm. Reproduction occurs by 2 or 4 autospores as well as by 16 or 32 motionless, small rodlike spores, which are formed and released in the same way as zoospores. They are aplanospores, and their formation apparently is fixed genetically, and not modificatorily, as in other species.

     

New and interesting species ofEmericella from Chinese soil

Emericella miyajii, a new species isolated from Chinese soil, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by pale orange to brownish orange colonies on malt extract agar, subglobose to broadly elliptical ascospores with defective four equatorial crests and smooth convex walls, and with anAspergillus anamorph.Emericella undulata is also described as an uncommon species from Chinese soil.     

Ultrastructure of haustoria oferysiphe graminis f. sp.hordei preserved by freeze-substitution

Summary The ultrastructure of freeze-substituted haustoria ofErysiphe graminis DC f. sp.hordei Marchal onHordeum vulgare L. cv. Villa is described. Freeze-substitution allows an improved visualization of thein vivo fine structure of haustoria of powdery mildews. The sheath membrane, as well as the profiles of the plasmalemma, nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuoles appear sharp and smoothly contoured. Invaginations are considered real features of the sheath membrane. Large vacuoles extending into the haustorial body and the haustorial lobes characterize older fungal structures. In the cytoplasm polyribosomes are homogeneously distributed whereas electron-dense glycogen-like inclusions are observed in the periphery of the cytoplasm. The rough endoplasmatic reticulum and the microtubules, primarily orientated with the longitudinal axis of the haustorium, are well resolved by means of the freeze-substitution technique. The method presented provides more detailed insight into the host-parasite interface under natural conditions.     

Five additional genera of conidial lichen-forming fungi from Europe

Three remarkable new genera of conidial lichen-forming fungi, with pycnidial or acervular conidiomata are described and illustrated.Hastifera tenuispora gen. et spec. nov. from the South-Tyrol, Italy, is characterized by very long and narrow hyaline conidia produced in pycnidial conidiomata immersed in thalline warts.Lichingoldia gyalectiformis gen. et spec. nov. from rocks subject to inundation by freshwater in Norway has long sigmoidly curved conidia which appear to be adapted to dispersal in water.Woessia fusarioides gen. et spec. nov. from aQuercus stump in the Burgenland, Austria, has a finely granular thallus and disc-like conidiomata producing falcate conidia; this species is also of interest in that it hasChlorella as the photobiont. The recently described hyphomyceteCheiromycina flabelliformis B. Sutton is reported from Austria for the first time, and is also lichenized. Recent collections ofNigropuncta rugulosa D. Hawksw. from Austria and Italy also show that this species is lichenized rather than parasymbiotic. In all five cases the fungal hyphae of the conidiogenous structures are continuous with those in intimate contact with cells of the algal partners and the biological relationship appears to be mutualistic giving rise to stable crustose lichen thalli.     

A new species of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Asclepiadeae) from Yemen

Sarcostemma areysianum Bruyns is described from the southern mountains of Yemen. It appears to be most closely related to S. arabicum Bruyns & P. Forst. and S. socotranum Lavranos, differing from both by the taller gynostegium with narrow, mostly acute inner corona lobes. A key to the species from Arabia and Socotra is provided.     

毛茛科六新种

该文描述了毛茛科六新种：(1)托里乌头,与阿尔泰乌头近缘,区别为其茎和叶无毛,总状花序极密集,雄蕊花丝多有1或2小齿。(2)门源翠雀花,与大通翠雀花近缘,区别为其茎极短,花序总状,退化雄蕊瓣片不分裂。(3)云台山铁线莲,与裂叶铁线莲近缘,区别为其叶为二回羽状复叶,花较小,雄蕊花丝呈黑色,无脉。(4)黑丝铁线莲,与前种云台山铁线莲在亲缘关系上极为相近,区别为其小叶较小,多呈狭卵形或披针形,聚伞花序也较小,通常只具3花。(5)五台山毛茛,与砾地毛茛相似,区别为其基生叶被柔毛,花瓣蜜槽具鳞片,心皮具短而粗的花柱和小柱头。(6)靖西铁线莲,与宝岛铁线莲在亲缘关系上接近,区别为其茎疏被短柔毛,小叶卵形或狭卵形,不分裂,聚伞花序有1~3花,萼片较大(长1.7~2 cm,宽0.5~0.7 cm)。