CK8寡糖链结构及翻译水平改变与人肝癌细胞转移相关性研究

糖组学方法筛查人肝癌细胞转移过程中发挥重要作用的核心岩藻糖基化蛋白质分子,解析比较筛出的差异蛋白——细胞角蛋白8(CK8)翻译及糖基化修饰改变与人肝癌细胞转移潜能的关系.应用双向电泳(2-DE)、凝集素亲和印迹、凝集素亲和沉淀联合质谱分析技术,筛查并验证与肝癌转移相关的核心岩藻糖基化蛋白;应用细胞免疫荧光和蛋白质免疫印迹检测CK8的蛋白质表达情况;应用免疫沉淀结合多种凝集素亲和印迹,推测其与肝癌转移相关的寡糖链结构改变.研究发现,3种不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞Hep3B、MHCC97-L和MHCC97-H的扁豆凝集素(LCA)亲和印迹表达谱中,分子质量55～60ku、等电点4～6区域处有核心岩藻糖基化蛋白呈差异表达,质谱鉴定为CK8.LCA亲和沉淀及蛋白质印迹进一步验证CK8异常核心岩藻糖基化与肝癌转移相关;研究发现,CK8分布于细胞浆内,在MHCC97-L和MHCC97-H细胞中蛋白质表达水平较Hep3B高,在MHCC97-H中与LCA和蓖麻凝集素(RCA-1)的亲和力较Hep3B强.以上结果提示,2-DE和凝集素印迹技术联合MALDI-TOF-MS/MS分析可用于筛查疾病过程相关的异常糖基化蛋白质分子,CK8蛋白水平、核心岩藻糖基化及β-1,4末端半乳糖基化的增加均与肝癌细胞转移潜能相关.     

人肝癌细胞系的糖蛋白质组学研究

糖基化是最重要的蛋白质翻译后形式之一,糖基化蛋白的糖链部分影响着蛋白质的折叠和稳定性以及其生物学功能.许多恶性肿瘤组织与正常组织相比已显示出蛋白质糖基化的差异.采用蛋白质组学分析方法结合先进的糖蛋白荧光染色技术,研究了正常人肝细胞系(ChangLiver)和人肝癌细胞系(Hep3B)糖蛋白糖基化的差异.首先用细胞裂解法提取细胞总蛋白质,进行双向电泳(2-DE),然后用pro-QEmerald488糖蛋白荧光染料进行糖蛋白染色,得到两种细胞系糖基化蛋白表达谱,经2-DE分析软件Dymension分析2-DE图像,比较糖蛋白的糖基化程度,并对糖基化蛋白进行质谱鉴定.结果显示正常人肝细胞表达(74±2)个(n=3),而人肝癌细胞系表达(78±3)个糖蛋白(n=3).两者匹配的糖蛋白质点31个,Hep3B表达而ChangLiver不表达的糖蛋白质点47个,ChangLiver表达而Hep3B不表达的糖蛋白质点43个.两种细胞系糖基化程度存在明显差异,与正常人肝细胞相比,肝癌细胞发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白有25个,其中糖基化水平上调的有10个,下调的有15个,质谱鉴定出12个发生糖基化改变的糖蛋白.这些结果显示蛋白质糖基化改变可能在肝癌的发生和发展中起一定作用.     

热休克蛋白27在转移潜能不同人肝癌细胞系中的表达及机制研究

利用不同转移潜能肝癌细胞系探讨热休克蛋白27(HSP27)参与肝癌细胞转移潜能形成的可能分子机制.细胞免疫荧光技术、RT-PCR和免疫印迹技术显示,HSP27在转移潜能不同的肝癌细胞Hep3B、MHCC97L和MHCC97H中定位于细胞浆,亦可见于细胞核,HSP27 mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平与肝癌细胞转移潜能呈正相关.高转移潜能肝癌细胞系MHCC97H的HSP27 RNA干扰试验结果显示,HSP27 RNA干扰后MHCC97H的侵袭(MHCC97H组:21.36±2.92;对照RNAi组:19.88±2.23;RNAi组:11.40±2.05)、运动能力(MHCC97H组:26.35±3.29;对照RNAi组:24.43±3.17;RNAi组:10.92±2.27)明显减弱,细胞凋亡显著增加(MHCC97H组:15.12%;对照RNAi组:17.56%;RNAi组:27.64%).同时进行信号转导基因芯片检测发现,HSP27干扰后核因子κB(NF-κB)通路抑制,并且免疫印迹显示细胞核内活化的NF-κBp65减少,细胞内磷酸化IκBα降低.另外,免疫共沉淀检测发现,在肝癌细胞内HSP27可与IKKβ、IκBα共沉淀,且在HSP27RNA干扰后IKKβ与IKKα结合能力下降.这些结果提示,HSP27可能通过参与细胞内NF-κB通路的激活,影响细胞凋亡和细胞运动,在肝癌细胞侵袭转移过程中发挥作用.     

转移潜能不同人肝癌细胞系差异蛋白Annexin1的功能解析

解析比较蛋白质组学筛出的差异蛋白Annexin1的生物学功能,证实其是否在肝癌转移复发中发挥作用. 分别以RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹及细胞免疫化学对差异蛋白Annexin1在转移潜能不同人肝癌细胞系中的表达情况进行再验证,然后构建Annexin1反义表达质粒,转染高转移潜能人肝癌细胞系MHCC97H,通过对MHCC97H细胞的运动、侵袭、凋亡、生长周期、MMPs分泌、克隆形成等系列检测,观察目的蛋白表达降低对其生物学行为的影响,特别是转移特性的影响. 验证结果均证实Annexin1在有转移潜能人肝癌细胞系MHCC97L、MHCC97H中呈高表达. 转染Annexin1反义重组表达质粒后,MHCC97H细胞中Annexin1的表达被成功抑制. 依据MHCC97H/pcDNA3.1(+) AS Annexin1,MHCC97H/ pcDNA3.1(+),MHCC97H的检测排序,转染反义重组质粒后的MHCC97H细胞穿过上室底膜的细胞数 (运动实验) 分别为：11.13±3.31,18.88±2.03,21.86±3.38;穿过人工基底膜细胞数 (侵袭实验) 分别是：16.43±2.23,16.40±1.57,16.86±1.52;细胞平均集落形成率 (克隆形成实验) 分别为：(14.33±0.46)%,(19.35±0.49)%,(20.25±0.35)%;MHCC97H细胞凋亡比例 (FCM分析) 依次为22.2%,6.44%,6.97%;细胞周期各时相的比例依次为：G0-G1期79.5%/76.34%/80.5%,S期13.26%/14.4%/9.69% ,G2-M期7.25%/9.26%/9.81%;细胞培养上清MMP9的定量结果依次为：26.37 μg/L,28.00 μg/L,31.90 μg/L;MMP2定量结果依次为29.46 μg/L,26.37 μg/L,26.53 μg/L. 明胶酶谱分析细胞培养上清显示,转染Annexin1反义重组表达质粒的MHCC97H细胞分泌的MMP9活性与对照比变化不明显. 综合上述结果发现,转染Annexin1反义表达质粒MHCC97H细胞运动能力及集落形成率明显降低,凋亡细胞的比例增加,而侵袭潜能,细胞周期时相,细胞分泌MMP2、MMP9的量均变化不明显. 提示,差异蛋白Annexin1可能通过影响细胞凋亡和细胞运动在肝癌细胞侵袭转移过程中发挥作用.     

岩藻糖糖链与肝癌细胞的迁移作用

通过凝集素印迹转移电泳和亲和层析技术,对岩藻糖糖基化蛋白在肝癌细胞中的作用进行了研究.在化学诱发的大鼠肝癌过程中, 分子质量在23 ku到40 ku范围内与荆豆凝集素(UEA)及扁豆凝集素(LCA)结合的岩藻糖糖基化蛋白显著减少, 诱癌至17～20周这些条带重新恢复,而分子质量为80 ku的条带却在诱癌过程中逐周增加.比较高、低转移性肝癌细胞的岩藻糖糖基化蛋白, 发现高转移性肝癌细胞具有多种增强的条带.利用橘果粉胞凝集素(AAL)和LCA亲和层析柱分离了这些岩藻糖基化糖蛋白, 并用这些糖蛋白直接作用于肝癌细胞,发现AAL-糖蛋白具有显著抑制肝癌细胞迁移的作用,迁移细胞数从对照的(100±4.9)%下降到(48.1±2.5)% (P＜0.01), LCA-糖蛋白也有类似作用.用胰酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解蛋白质部分后,形成的糖肽抑制肝癌细胞迁移的作用并不改变,甚至增强.此外直接用肝癌转移灶的组织测定了岩藻糖转移酶活性,发现α1,6岩藻糖基转移酶活性显著比正常肝组织高,而α1,3岩藻糖基转移酶活性没有显著的改变.用系列凝集素分析发现这些糖链主要能结合伴刀豆凝集素A, 也能结合E-型及L-型植物凝集素, 显示这种糖蛋白的糖链可能含有较多的高甘露糖型.这些结果提示糖链在诱癌过程中结构有了改变,使之在肝癌细胞的迁移和转移中起重要作用.     

溶血磷脂酸对不同转移性肝癌细胞迁移行为的影响

旨在研究溶血磷脂酸(Lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)对两种转移性不同的肝癌细胞MHCC97H和Hep G2迁移行为的影响。采用Transwell法检测肝癌细胞的迁移能力,RT-PCR检测肝癌细胞中LPA受体(LPA receptor,LPAR)m RNA水平的表达。结果显示,LPA对低转移性肝癌细胞Hep G2的迁移没有明显影响,但显著促进高转移性肝癌细胞MHCC97H的迁移能力。LPA对两种细胞的增殖都没有明显影响。RT-PCR实验发现两种肝癌细胞中LPAR的表达呈现差异,LPAR1在MHCC97H细胞中表达,但Hep G2细胞不表达。用LPAR1/3抑制剂Ki16425阻断MHCC97H中LPAR1的作用后发现,LPA对MHCC97H细胞的促迁移作用消失,表明LPA通过与LPAR1作用促进了MHCC97H细胞的迁移。LPA对不同转移性肝癌细胞迁移能力的影响存在差异,该差异可能来自于细胞表达LPAR的不同。     

人健康肝组织核心岩藻糖基化蛋白质的鉴定及生物信息学分析

糖蛋白质组学方法鉴定人健康肝组织核心岩藻糖基化蛋白质,将有助于发现肝癌、慢性肝病相关异常核心岩藻糖基化蛋白质.应用凝集素亲和层析技术、双向电泳(2-DE)联合基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS/MS)分析,建立人健康肝组织核心岩藻糖基化蛋白表达谱,图谱均点数为(130±3)个,挖取90个蛋白质点进行质谱鉴定,数据库搜索及去冗余后,共鉴定53种蛋白质,主要分布于pI5～9,分子质量为10～100ku区域处.Gene Ontology分类发现它们参与体内代谢等过程,应用NetNGlyc对它们进行糖基化位点预测,并通过蛋白质免疫沉淀联合凝集素亲和印迹对其中的结合珠蛋白前体,α烯醇化酶的核心岩藻糖基化进行了再验证.以上结果提示,凝集素层析、2-DE联合MALDI-TOF-MS/MS分析是一种鉴定某种特定类型糖蛋白的高通量检测方法,所建立的表达谱可用于发现疾病发生、发展中相关的异常核心岩藻糖基化蛋白质.     

芬戈莫德通过鞘氨醇-1-磷酸信号通路抑制肝癌细胞迁移的实验研究

目的 探讨鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(SIP)信号通路及其抑制剂芬戈莫德(FTY720)在体外实验中对不同侵袭潜能人肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞迁移能力的作用。方法通过Real-time PCR和免疫印迹的方法比较低侵袭潜能HCC细胞MHCC-97L和高侵袭潜能HCC细胞MHCC-97H中S1P信号通路关键分子及下游促迁移信号通路的表达与活性水平。使用外源性S1P刺激MHCC-97L细胞,并使用siRNA干扰MHCC-97H细胞中S1P受体1(S1PR1)的表达,通过划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验检测HCC细胞迁移能力的变化。最后使用FTY720处理MHCC-97H细胞,观察S1P及其下游信号通路表达及活性的变化,并研究FTY720对MHCC-97H细胞迁移能力的影响。两组间数据比较采用t检验,多组间数据比较采用单因素方差分析。结果高侵袭潜能MHCC-97H细胞中,S1PR1、鞘氨醇激酶1(SphK1)及鞘氨醇激酶2(SphK2)的相对表达量分别为5.94±0.78、1.64±0.30及1.48±0.28,高于低侵袭潜能MHCC-97L细胞的1.00±0.06、1.00±0.06及1.00±0.09,差异具有统计学意义(t=10.96,3.575,2.841;P均0.05)。MHCC-97H细胞中S1PR1、SphK1及SphK2的蛋白表达水平及活性以及S1PR1下游与细胞迁移能力密切相关的Src、粘着斑激酶(FAK)和Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号转导子和转录激活子3(STAT3)信号通路活性明显高于MHCC-97L细胞。外源性S1P可促进MHCC-97L细胞的划痕愈合能力。MHCC-97L的Transwell细胞迁移实验显示:S1P刺激组迁移过膜细胞数为(178.33±10.01)个/视野,显著多于空白对照组的(88.00±8.54)个/视野,差异具有统计学意义(F=116.60,P0.01)。相反的,使用siRNA干扰MHCC-97H细胞中S1PR1表达后,细胞的划痕愈合能力受到明显抑制,Transwell实验显示:阴性对照组迁移过膜细胞数为(209.33±4.51)个/视野,而S1PR1特异性siRNA转染组迁移过膜细胞数为(98.67±9.02)个/视野,显著少于阴性对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=19.01,P0.01)。FTY720作为S1P通路抑制剂,同样抑制了MHCC-97H细胞的划痕愈合能力,Transwell实验同样显示:FTY720处理组迁移过膜细胞数为(58.67±6.03)个/视野,显著少于对照组的(203.33±10.41)个/视野,差异具有统计学意义(t=20.833,P0.01)。FTY720的作用机制可能在于通过下调SphK1和S1PR1,抑制下游促迁移信号通路的活性,并进一步抑制HCC细胞的迁移。结论 S1P信号通路参与了HCC细胞的迁移,而FTY720作为一种具有抗HCC活性的免疫抑制剂,可能通过下调S1P及其下游信号转导,抑制HCC细胞的迁移能力。     

RNA干扰技术下调营养缺乏自噬因子1表达对肝癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的采用RNA干扰手段抑制营养缺乏自噬因子1(NAF1)在肝细胞癌MHCC-97H细胞中的表达,观察其对肝癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响。方法采用NAF1-si RNA和空白对照NC-si RNA转染肝细胞癌MHCC-97H细胞,设为NAF组和NC组,同时设立未转染空白对照组(Blank组)。荧光实时定量PCR法检测MHCC-97H细胞NAF1m RNA表达。Western blotting法检测MHCC-97H细胞NAF蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)蛋白表达。细胞划痕实验检测MHCC-97H细胞迁移能力。Transwell实验检测MHCC-97H细胞侵袭能力。荧光素酶报告基因实验检测MHCC-97H细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路的相对活性。多组间数据的比较用单因素方差分析,两组之间数据的比较采用t检验。结果 NAF组MHCC-97H细胞NAF1-m RNA的相对表达量为(6.50±0.23)﹪,低于Blank组的(100.80±0.60)﹪,且差异具有统计学意义(t=14.17,P=0.02)。NAF组MHCC-97H细胞NAF1蛋白和MMP9蛋白的相对表达量分别为0.12±0.01、0.07±0.01,均低于Blank组的0.79±0.05、0.81±0.02,且差异均有统计学意义(t=5.21、7.45,P=0.00、0.02)。NAF组MHCC-97H细胞的迁移距离明显小于Blank组。NAF组穿膜细胞的数量为(11.28±1.56)个/视野,少于Blank组的(197.87±3.18)个/视野,且差异有统计学意义(t=7.97,P=0.00),NAF组NF-κB信号通路的相对活性值3.25±0.53明显低于Blank组的26.69±7.41,差异具有统计学意义(t=13.33,P=0.01)。结论采用RNA干扰手段抑制NAF1的表达可能成为抑制肝细胞癌侵袭转移的有效手段。     

GTF2H2通过介导AKT信号通路影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移*

目的:探讨通用转录因子II H亚基2(GTF2H2)是否影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移及其潜在的分子机制。方法:通过转染GTF2H2-siRNA构建GTF2H2敲低的Hep3B肝癌细胞模型;实时定量聚合酶链反应(q-RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹实验检测肝癌细胞Hep3B的GTF2H2敲低效果;细胞计数实验(MTS)检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖能力;Transwell细胞迁移实验检测GTF2H2敲低的肝癌细胞Hep3B的迁移能力;蛋白质印迹分析实验检测GTF2H2敲低后是否影响肿瘤相关分子信号通路。结果: GTF2H2敲低组的Hep3B细胞的增殖能力较对照组的Hep3B细胞增强,迁移能力亦有增强;蛋白质印迹实验显示GTF2H2敲低后,p-AKT通路蛋白的表达明显升高。结论:GTF2H2可能通过介导AKT分子信号通路,影响肝癌细胞Hep3B的增殖和迁移能力。     

Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell strains, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L, with different metastasis potentials

To better understand the mechanism underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and to search for potential markers for HCC prognosis, differential proteome analysis on two HCC cell strains with high and low metastatic potentials, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L, was conducted using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. Image analysis of silver-stained 2-D gels revealed that 56 protein spots showed significant differential expression in MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L cells (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) and 4 protein spots were only detected in MHCC97-H cells. Fourteen protein spots were further identified using in-gel tryptic digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry. The expressions of pyruvate kinase M2, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, laminin receptor 67 kDa, S100 calcium-binding protein A4, thioredoxin and cytokeratin 19 were elevated in MHCC97-H cells. However, manganese superoxide dismutase, calreticulin precursor, cathepsin D, lactate dehydrogenase B, non-metastatic cell protein 1, cofilin 1 and calumenin precursor were down-regulated in MHCC97-H cells. Intriguingly, most of these identified proteins have been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis. The functional implications of alterations in the levels of these proteins are discussed.     

Investigation on glycosylation patterns of proteins from human liver cancer cell lines based on the multiplexed proteomics technology

Glycosylation, a very important post-translational modification of proteins, is increasingly coming into notice. However, large-scale, throughput investigations on glycosylated proteins are few. We applied a sensitive and fast fluorescence-based multiplexed proteomics (MP) technology which included two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by the fluorescence staining of glycoprotein and mass spectrometry identification for the purpose of constructing glycoprotein databases of the typical human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines including Hep3B cell line without metastasis and MHCC97H with highly metastatic potential as well as the control non-tumor Chang liver cell. 74+/-2 (n=3), 78+/-3 (n=3) and 72+/-5 (n=3) glycoprotein spots were detected on 2-DE gels from Chang liver, Hep3B and MHCC97H cell sample using this MP technique, respectively. In all, 80 glycoproteins from three cell lines were successfully identified via peptide mass profiling using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and the identified glycoproteins were annotated to our databases. In addition, we also found the glycosylation pattern differences among these three cell lines. The protein glycosylation alteration would be have great significance for the diagnosis of HCC and prediction of its metastasis. This study described the construction of glycosylation patterns of proteins and glycoproteome databases of human liver cells by the novel technological platform. The glycoproteome databases also provide essential basis for following study.     

From proteomic analysis to clinical significance: overexpression of cytokeratin 19 correlates with hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

To better understand the mechanism underlying the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and to search potential markers for HCC prognosis, differential proteomic analysis on two well-established HCC cell strains with high and low metastatic potentials, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L, was conducted using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was identified and found to be overexpressed in MHCC97-H as compared with MHCC97-L. This result was further confirmed by two-dimensional Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, one-dimensional Western blot analysis showed consistently increased CK19 expression in progressively more metastatic cells. Immunohistochemical study on 102 human HCC specimens revealed that more patients in the CK19-positive group had overt intrahepatic metastases (satellite nodules, p < 0.05; vascular tumor emboli, p < 0.001; tumor node metastatis staging, p < 0.001). CK19 fragment CYFRA 21-1 levels measured in sera from nude mice model of human HCC metastasis with radioimmunoassay increased in parallel with tumor progression and rose remarkably when pulmonary metastases occurred. The results demonstrated that overexpression of CK19 in HCC cells is related to metastatic behavior. Serum CK19 level might reflect the pathological progression in some HCC and may be a useful marker for predicting tumor metastasis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC patients with metastases.     

Derepression of c‐Fos caused by MicroRNA‐139 down‐regulation contributes to the metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma

This study investigates whether the anti‐metastasis effect of microRNA‐139 (miR‐139) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mediated through regulating c‐fos expression. The expression levels of miR‐139 and c‐fos in human HCC cell sublines with high (MHCC97H) and low (MHCC97L) spontaneous metastatic potentials were quantified using QPCR or Western blot. miR‐139 mimics was transfected into MHCC97H cells to overexpress miR‐139, and miR‐139 inhibitor was transfected into MHCC97L cells to down‐express miR‐139. The effect of overexpression or down‐expression of miR‐139 on c‐fos expression of MHCC97H and MHCC97L cells was evaluated using QPCR and Western blot. The 3′ untranslated region segments of FOS containing the miR‐139 binding sites were amplified by PCR, and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was assayed. In comparison with the expression level of miR‐139 in MHCC97L cells, the expression level in MHCC97H cells was significantly decreased, whereas c‐Fos was significantly up‐regulated in MHCC97H. The overexpression of miR‐139 significantly inhibited the expression of c‐fos in MHCC97H cells, and the down‐expression of miR‐139 significantly promoted the expression of c‐fos in MHCC97L cells. miR‐139 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pGL‐FOS by approximately 40% compared with the negative control. In vitro cell migration analysis demonstrated that depletion of c‐fos or overexpression of miR‐139 in MHCC97H cells reduced cell migration, whereas overexpression of c‐fos or depletion of miR‐139 in MHCC97L cells increased cell migration. Thus, we got the conclusion that miR‐139 expression is down‐regulated in human HCC cell sublines with high spontaneous metastatic potentials (MHCC97H). Derepression of c‐Fos caused by miR‐139 down‐regulation contributes to the metastasis of HCC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bt Cry1Ac毒素筛选的粉纹夜蛾离体抗性细胞与敏感细胞蛋白质组的差异分析

采用双向电泳技术和肽质量指纹图谱技术分析了Bt Cry1Ac毒素筛选的粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni抗性BTI-Tn-5B1-4细胞与同源敏感细胞的蛋白质组的差。用Melanie ViewerⅡ软件在抗性细胞的双向电泳图谱上检测到的平均蛋白质点数为707±25个（n=3）,在敏感细胞的双向电泳图谱上检测到的平均蛋白质点数为637±19个（n=3）,其中分辨率高、重复性良好的显著差异点有10余个。对其中的一个敏感细胞特有的显著差异斑点进行了肽质量指纹图谱分析,经数据库 查询表明该蛋白质与胞质外周蛋白具有同源性。     

nm23-H1基因转染前后人高转移大细胞肺癌细胞株双向凝胶电泳图谱分析

为了更全面地了解nm23-H1在肺癌中发挥转移抑制的机理,用双向凝胶电泳技术比较人高转移大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981)和转染nm23-H1基因的人大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981-nm23-H1)间蛋白表达的差异.利用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离人高转移大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981)和转染nm23-H1基因的人大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981-nm23-H1)的总蛋白,用图像分析软件比较分析以识别细胞间的差异表达蛋白质.结果成功地获得了两株细胞蛋白组分辨率高、重复性好的双向凝胶电泳图谱.软件分析两种细胞的凝胶电泳图谱后发现,在相同分析条件下识别的蛋白质斑点数L9981为902±169个、L9981-nm23-H1为1160±212个.比较L9981和L9981-nm23-H1人大细胞肺癌细胞株的双向凝胶电泳蛋白质图谱后发现6个蛋白质点仅在L9981中有表达,17个蛋白质点仅在L9981-nm23-H1中有表达.此外,发现13个在两种细胞株中均存在,但表达量差异在2倍以上的蛋白质点(P<0.05).结果提示,nm23-H1基因转染引起人高转移大细胞肺癌细胞株蛋白质表达谱的变化,可能是其逆转肺癌侵袭转移的生物学基础.     

Silencing cathepsin S gene expression inhibits growth, invasion and angiogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro

Cathepsin S (Cat S) plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis by its ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). Our previous study suggested there could be a potential association between Cat S and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. The present study was designed to determine the role of Cat S in HCC cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis, using RNA interference technology. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences for the Cat S gene were synthesized and transfected into human HCC cell line MHCC97-H. The Cat S gene targeted siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cat S expression, leading to potent suppression of MHCC97-H cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. These data suggest that Cat S might be a potential target for HCC therapy.     

The EGFR/ErbB3 Pathway Acts as a Compensatory Survival Mechanism upon c-Met Inhibition in Human c-Met+ Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Backgroundc-Met, a high-affinity receptor for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), plays a critical role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with activated HGF/c-Met signaling have a significantly worse prognosis. Targeted therapies using c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for HCC, although receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition in other cancers has demonstrated early success. Unfortunately, therapeutic effect is frequently not durable due to acquired resistance.MethodsWe utilized the human MHCC97-H c-Met positive (c-Met⁺) HCC cell line to explore the compensatory survival mechanisms that are acquired after c-Met inhibition. MHCC97-H cells with stable c-Met knockdown (MHCC97-H c-Met KD cells) were generated using a c-Met shRNA vector with puromycin selection and stably transfected scrambled shRNA as a control. Gene expression profiling was conducted, and protein expression was analyzed to characterize MHCC97-H cells after blockade of the c-Met oncogene. A high-throughput siRNA screen was performed to find putative compensatory survival proteins, which could drive HCC growth in the absence of c-Met. Findings from this screen were validated through subsequent analyses.ResultsWe have previously demonstrated that treatment of MHCC97-H cells with a c-Met inhibitor, PHA665752, results in stasis of tumor growth in vivo. MHCC97-H c-Met KD cells demonstrate slower growth kinetics, similar to c-Met inhibitor treated tumors. Using gene expression profiling and siRNA screening against 873 kinases and phosphatases, we identified ErbB3 and TGF-α as compensatory survival factors that are upregulated after c-Met inhibition. Suppressing these factors in c-Met KD MHCC97-H cells suppresses tumor growth in vitro. In addition, we found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as a negative feedback signal responsible for the ErbB3 upregulation after c-Met inhibition. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrate that combination therapy with PHA665752 and Gefitinib (an EGFR inhibitor) significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis compared with either PHA665752 or Gefitinib treatment alone.Conclusionc-Met inhibition monotherapy is not sufficient to eliminate c-Met⁺ HCC tumor growth. Inhibition of both c-Met and EGFR oncogenic pathways provides superior suppression of HCC tumor growth. Thus, combination of c-Met and EGFR inhibition may represent a superior therapeutic regimen for c-Met⁺ HCC.     

自分泌运动因子在肝细胞癌侵袭及转移中的作用

目的:探讨自分泌运动因子(AMF)在人肝细胞癌侵袭和转移中的作用。方法:人肝细胞系LO2和人肝细胞癌细胞株MHCC97-H作为实验材料,检测二者AMF的表达水平;设计并合成针对AMF基因序列的双链小干扰RNA转染高转移性人肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H,Western blot检测AMF基因的蛋白的表达水平;通过MTT实验检测转染后细胞的增殖力;通过体外Transwell小室对比沉默AMF基因前后的肝癌细胞的迁移力和侵袭力;最后用细胞悬液皮下接种小鼠,观察沉默AMF基因前后肝细胞的成瘤能力。结果:AMF在MHCC97-H的表达量较高;将双链小干扰RNA转入MHCC97-H后,AMF的表达显著降低(P0.05);沉默AMF基因序列后,MHCC97-H的增殖力、迁移力和侵袭力均有明显下降(P0.05);用细胞悬液皮下接种小鼠沉默AMF基因的MHCC97-H形成的肿瘤体积小于对照组(P0.05)。结论:AMF基因可调节肝癌细胞的迁移和侵袭。     

Identification of metastasis candidate proteins among HCC cell lines by comparative proteome and biological function analysis of S100A4 in metastasis in vitro

Widespread metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was a complex cascade of events, which is still beyond full appreciation. Screening key proteins, which play a critical role in metastasis, using high-throughput proteomics approach help discover valuable biomarkers and elucidate the mechanism of metastasis. This study was to find out some metastasis candidate proteins among HCC cell lines with various metastatic potential by comparative proteomics, and then further validate the biological function of these proteins in metastasis in vitro. The protein profiles of metastatic HCC cell lines (MHCC97H and MHCC97L) displayed obvious differences compared with nonmetastatic ones (Hep3B). Twenty-six metastasis candidate proteins, which were identified by on-line LC-ESI-MS/MS, such as S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4), annexin 1, etc., might have much application in diagnostic procedures and prognosis evaluation. S100A4, as a leading different metastasis candidate protein, which overexpressed only in the metastatic cells, was selected for further investigation. A series of assays related to invasion and metastasis in vitro, including cell motility, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion, were performed in MHCC97H/antisense recombinant plasmid to S100A4 (pcDNA3.1(+) AS S100A4) and the mock controls. All the data in the present study suggested that S100A4 might contribute to HCC invasion and metastasis through two paths of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) secretion regulation and strengthened motility and invasion properties.