工业生物技术的前沿科技

随着石化资源逐步消耗,气候问题日益凸显,工业生物技术被认为是解决能源和资源供给、应对气候变化、实现绿色可持续发展的重要方向。得益于理论突破、技术变革和学科交叉,工业生物技术主要经历了由生命科学突破性成就、多学科技术理念交汇融合和产业应用导向推动的3个阶段。本文回顾总结了工业生物技术的发展历程及近年来取得的重要突破,并展望了其未来发展方向。     

面向工业生物技术的系统生物学

工业生物技术是以微生物细胞工厂利用可再生的生物原料来生产能源、材料与化学品等的生物技术,在解决资源、能源与环境等问题方面起着越来越重要的作用。系统生物学是全面解析微生物细胞工厂及其发酵过程从"黑箱"到"白箱"的重要研究方法。系统生物学借助基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组以及代谢流组等多组学数据,可解析微生物细胞工厂在RNA、蛋白与代谢物等不同水平上的变化规律与调控机制。目前,系统生物学在微生物细胞工厂的设计创建与发酵工艺优化中起着越来越重要的指导作用,许多成功应用实例不断涌现,推动着工业生物技术的快速发展。文中重点综述基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组与代谢流组以及基因组规模的网络模型等各组学技术的最新发展及其在工业生物技术尤其是菌株改造与发酵优化中的应用,并就工业生物技术中系统生物学的未来发展方向进行展望。     

我国工业生物技术发展回顾及展望

工业生物技术是指以微生物或酶为催化剂进行物质转化,大规模地生产人类所需的化学品、医药、燃料、材料、食品等产品的生物技术。发展工业生物技术是人类由化石经济向生物经济过渡的关键路径,是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境问题的重要手段。中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所是我国工业生物技术和生物制造领域的主力代表。本文结合该研究所成立十年来的发展,简要回顾了我国工业生物技术发展战略规划布局、重要技术突破进展和行业影响,并对我国工业生物技术和生物制造的未来发展进行了展望分析。     

中国科学院工业生物技术发展路径

随着工程生物学、基因编辑等共性技术的快速发展,工业生物技术领域的颠覆式创新在低碳合成、未来食品、药物开发等工业生物技术领域不断取得颠覆式创新,支撑了生物产业高质量创新发展。工业生物技术正在为变革传统工业制造模式,构建碳中性工业制造路线形成重要科技支撑。本文从战略规划、创新机构、人才建设、基础研究、科技创新、产业推进等方面系统介绍了中国科学院在工业生物技术领域的整体安排、建制化研发与科技进展,并提出了加快工业生物技术发展的建议。     

工业生物技术中DNA合成发展现状及展望

DNA合成是生命科学领域的共性支撑技术和合成生物学的关键使能技术。以合成生物学为基础的工业生物技术持续快速发展,迫切需要更加便捷、经济、安全的DNA来源以满足其日益增长的大规模DNA合成需求。工业化DNA合成在通量、成本、速度等方面的优势日益凸显,有力推动了工业生物技术研发效率的提升和研发成本的下降。但是现有技术在生产过程中还存在着使用大量有机试剂、资源浪费等问题。随着DNA合成规模的持续快速提升,有毒化学品危害、成本负担、环境负担等问题日益突出。本文结合我们的工作实践,对工业生物技术中DNA合成需求、合成策略以及可持续发展面临的问题和解决方案研究进展进行探讨。     

2014工业生物技术专刊序言

工业生物技术是解决人类目前面临的资源、能源及环境危机的有效手段。本期专刊结合第七届中国工业生物技术发展高峰论坛,报道了我国工业生物技术领域专家学者在生物信息学、微生物细胞工厂的模拟设计与构建、工业发酵工程、工业酶的改造与应用、高通量筛选方法等领域取得的最新研究进展。     

工业生物技术专刊序言

以生物催化和生物转化为核心的工业生物技术是实现社会和经济可持续发展的有效手段。本期专刊分别从基因工程、代谢工程与合成生物学、生理工程、发酵工程与生化工程、生物催化与生物转化、生物技术与方法等方面,介绍了我国在工业生物技术领域的最新研究进展。     

Continuous perfusion microfluidic cell culture array for high-throughput cell-based assays

We present for the first time a microfluidic cell culture array for long-term cellular monitoring. The 10 x 10 array could potentially assay 100 different cell-based experiments in parallel. The device was designed to integrate the processes used in typical cell culture experiments on a single self-contained microfluidic system. Major functions include repeated cell growth/passage cycles, reagent introduction, and real-time optical analysis. The single unit of the array consists of a circular microfluidic chamber, multiple narrow perfusion channels surrounding the main chamber, and four ports for fluidic access. Human carcinoma (HeLa) cells were cultured inside the device with continuous perfusion of medium at 37 degrees C. The observed doubling time was 1.4 +/- 0.1 days with a peak cell density of approximately 2.5*10(5) cells/cm(2). Cell assay was demonstrated by monitoring the fluorescence localization of calcein AM from 1 min to 10 days after reagent introduction. Confluent cell cultures were passaged within the microfluidic chambers using trypsin and successfully regrown, suggesting a stable culture environment suitable for continuous operation. The cell culture array could offer a platform for a wide range of assays with applications in drug screening, bioinformatics, and quantitative cell biology.     

枯草芽孢杆菌在系统与合成生物技术中研究进展及工业应用

枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis是微生物生理生化机理研究的模式菌株,也是工业应用生产小分子化合物、大宗化学品、工业酶、药物及保健品等生物制剂的良好底盘细胞.近些年,研究枯草芽孢杆菌的合成生物技术和代谢工程方法日新月异,为利用其作为底盘细胞生产目标产品提供了良好的工具和理论参考.文中综述了利用枯草芽孢杆菌为...     

我国工业生物技术和产业的现状、差距与任务

工业生物技术是利用生化反应和生物体机能进行物质合成加工与能量转化利用的集成技术,正在支撑建立以可发酵糖、秸秆、二氧化碳等可再生资源为原料的化学品绿色高效制造新路线,有望实现工业制造方式的根本转变,是支撑经济社会可持续发展的重大战略技术,已成为世界各国科技和产业竞争的焦点。本文从工业生物技术深度融入和支撑生物经济发展的态势出发,系统分析了我国工业生物技术和生物产业发展的现状、短板问题,提出了未来建议重点发展的主要方向。     

Live cultures: their use in industrial biotechnology

Advances in the areas of molecular genetics and molecular biology provide a tremendous opportunity for development of custom-made microorgansims for human and animal use. This reviews discusses the current and future potentials of these organisms for use in the food and agricultural industries.     

后基因组时代的工业生物技术

简述了工业生物技术的发展背景和意义,分析了基因组学和功能基因组学发展对工业生物技术的推动作用,重点介绍了本期专刊发表的代谢工程、发酵工程以及工业酶与生物催化领域的17篇论文。     

冲击生物技术第三次浪潮

工业生物催化是继医药、农业之后的生物技术第三次浪潮。从21世纪化学工业发展的前沿特点,介绍生物催化加工过程及生产方式,主要解决传统产业改造和新的应用领域的开拓,提出发展生物催化产业的策略和加强支持力度的建设。     

Single-Cell Droplet Microfluidic Screening for Antibodies Specifically Binding to Target Cells

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2019工业生物学专刊序言

工业生物技术作为可持续发展的重要途径,其创新发展离不开基础学科的支撑。工业生物学研究工业环境下生物体行为的基本规律和作用机制,解决适应工业环境的生物体设计构建及应用的关键科学问题,是工业生物技术学科基础。为了梳理和凝练工业生物学发展状况,本刊特组织出版专刊,从工业蛋白科学、工业细胞科学和工业发酵科学三个方面,分别阐述学科的发展动态,展望未来的发展趋势,为促进工业生物技术发展奠定基础。     

系统生物技术在工业(药用)微生物菌种选育与高通量筛选中的应用

系统生物学时代,各种高通量组学技术产生了大量数据。一些旨在挖掘数据和整合信息的计算机建模技术也逐渐用于系统水平定量分析细胞代谢。模型有助于指导实验设计,实验结果反过来检验和优化模型,虚实结合,有利于在系统层面认识复杂的代谢过程。根据这些信息,可以设计、优化工业微生物代谢特征,高表达目标代谢物。本文综述了系统生物技术在工业(药用)微生物育种和高通量筛选中的最新应用进展。     

Microfluidic synthesis of composite cross‐gradient materials for investigating cell–biomaterial interactions

Combinatorial material synthesis is a powerful approach for creating composite material libraries for the high‐throughput screening of cell–material interactions. Although current combinatorial screening platforms have been tremendously successful in identifying target (termed “hit”) materials from composite material libraries, new material synthesis approaches are needed to further optimize the concentrations and blending ratios of the component materials. Here we employed a microfluidic platform to rapidly synthesize composite materials containing cross‐gradients of gelatin and chitosan for investigating cell–biomaterial interactions. The microfluidic synthesis of the cross‐gradient was optimized experimentally and theoretically to produce quantitatively controllable variations in the concentrations and blending ratios of the two components. The anisotropic chemical compositions of the gelatin/chitosan cross‐gradients were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry. The three‐dimensional (3D) porous gelatin/chitosan cross‐gradient materials were shown to regulate the cellular morphology and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in a gradient‐dependent manner. We envision that our microfluidic cross‐gradient platform may accelerate the material development processes involved in a wide range of biomedical applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:175–185. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Containment in industrial biotechnology within wastewater treatment plants

Both physical and biological containment are considered to be essential parts in the risk analysis of industrial Good Industrial Large-Scale Practice (GILSP) processes using genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Biological containment of industrial microorganisms has become a more important issue since the introduction of recombinant DNA techniques. In the event of an accidental discharge in the production plant, a large amount of organisms could be released into the wastewater treatment (WWT) system. This WWT system should therefore be considered as a part of the containment. This study demonstrates both a hydrodynamic and a microbiological model for the containment aspects of industrial WWT plants. The models are verified by measurements using industrial hosts of GILSP GMOs at full scale. Both models describe the full-scale equipment accurately. The results are supplemented with microcosm studies on survival of GMOs in defined niches. It is shown that WWT plants can be considered as useful additional parts of the containment of microorganisms, in case of an accidental discharge. The effect of drainage of an enormous amount of microorganisms (several tons) through the WWT plant into the environment is shown to be comparable to the direct drainage of a small-scale fermenter. Microcosm experiments correlate well with the survival rates in the WWT and therefore can be of use to predict the behaviour of GMOs in this environment. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 65–69 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000210 Received 16 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 05 September 2001     

White rot fungi and advanced combined biotechnology with nanomaterials: promising tools for endocrine-disrupting compounds biotransformation

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can interfere with endocrine systems and bio-accumulate through the food chain and even decrease biodiversity in contaminated areas. This review discusses a critical overview of recent research progress in the biotransformation of EDCs (including polychlorinated biphenyl and nonylphenol, and suspected EDCs such as heavy metals and sulfonamide antibiotics) by white rot fungi (WRF) based on techniques with an emphasis on summarizing and analyzing fungal molecular, metabolic and genetic mechanisms. Not only intracellular metabolism which seems to perform essential roles in the ability of WRF to transform EDCs, but also advanced applications are deeply discussed. This review mainly reveals the removal pathway of heavy metal and antibiotic pollutants because the single pollution almost did not exist in a real environment while the combined pollution has become more serious and close to people’s life. The trends in WRF technology and its related advanced applications which use the combined technology, including biocatalysis of WRF and adsorption of nanomaterials, to degrade EDCs have also been introduced. Furthermore, challenges and future research needs EDCs biotransformation by WRF are also discussed. This research, referring to metabolic mechanisms and the combined technology of WRF with nanomaterials, undoubtedly contributes to the applications of biotechnology. This review will be of great benefit to an understanding of the trends in biotechnology for the removal of EDCs.