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1.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2009,41(1):54-62
In a group of 70 adult subjects of both sexes, we estimated the levels of the need for achievement and its motivation (interpreted
as generalized characteristics of the state of the motivational sphere of a personality and diagnosed using questionnaires
of Orlov and Mehrabian) and examined the correlations of these estimates with spectral powers (SPs) of the frequency components
(rhythms) of the current background EEG (С3 and С4 leads according to the 10–20 system). Despite the fact that naturally high
interindividual variability exists, high estimates of the need for achievement correlated with medium values of the SPs of
most EEG frequency components (δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms), low SPs of the β2 and γ rhythms, and higher values of the coefficient of reactivity (CR) of the α rhythm. A high level of the need for achievement
corresponded to higher SPs of the θ and γ rhythms and high CR of the α rhythm, a medium SP of this EEG component, and lower
SPs of the δ and β rhythms. The coefficient of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm was the highest at low values of
the studied psychological indices. Interrelations that we found in our study can be explained as follows: both the characteristics
of the need for achievement and motivation typical of a certain personality and the amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms
observed in this individual depend significantly on genetically determined factors (in particular, on neurochemical ones).
These peculiarities of neurodynamic constitution of the individual are, to a considerable extent, due to the specificity of
organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 61–69, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
2.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2005,37(5-6):388-395
We studied changes in the frequency pattern of EEG related to a single session of biological feedback by the EEG characteristics
(neurofeedback, NFB) directed toward an increase in the ratio of α/θ spectral powers (SPs) (an experimental group; 30 subjects)
and to a session of the supposedly indifferent acoustic influence (listening to a musical background; 30 persons). A standard
technique of EEG recording was used; the loudness of white noise overlapping the musical background served as an NFB signal.
EEG was recorded from the C3 and C4 leads. Within the examined experimental group, an NFB session elicited a trend toward
statistically insignificant decreases in the SPs of δ, α, and β rhythms and increases in the SPs of θ and γ EEG components.
Listening to a supposedly neutral musical background by the control group, with no attempts at self-control of the SPs of
EEG rhythms, was followed by rather clear unidirectional (partially significant) decreases in the SPs of θ, α, β, and γ components;
the δ activity in the left hemisphere decreased, while in the right hemisphere it increased. In general, results of the single
NFB session were characterized by a high interindividual variability, which can be related mostly to the specificities of
psychophysiological characteristics of the personality of the tested subject.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 37, Nos. 5/6, pp. 443–451, September–December, 2005. 相似文献
3.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2012,43(6):459-467
In a group including 65 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations of the internal/external personality type (locus of
psychological control diagnosed by the Rotter questionnaire) with parameters of the EEG frequency components (rhythms). Multichannel
recording of ongoing EEG was carried out in the resting state; leads were located according to the 10-20 system. Despite natural
high interindividual variability, the subgroup of internals was, in general, characterized by higher spectral powers (SPs)
of the δ, θ, α, and β1 rhythms and a lower SPs of β2 and γ oscillations recorded in the resting state with the eyes closed.
In internals, the modal frequencies of practically all EEG ranges were, on average, somewhat lower. In this subgroup, reaction
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes was stronger, while the interhemisphere asymmetry was weaker. 相似文献
4.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,42(6):434-445
In a group of 118 adults of both sexes, we studied modulation of the low-frequency EEG components (δ and θ rhythms) under
conditions of an activation reaction resulting from opening of the eyes. Typical changes of the α rhythm (considerable depression
in a great majority of the tested subjects) was accompanied by diverse, in their direction, shifts of the spectral power (SP)
of the δ and θ components in different subjects. The δ rhythm power increased upon the reaction of activation in 79 subjects
and decreased in 29 subjects, while changes in this index in different hemispheres were of opposite directions in 10 persons.
According to the reactivity of the θ rhythm, the respective subgroups included 36, 75, and 7 subjects. Values of the differential
coefficients of reactivity (DCR) for the δ and θ rhythms demonstrated significant positive correlation (r = 0.616 and 0.603
for the left and right hemispheres, respectively). Indices of reactivity of the α and θ rhythms also correlated but less closely
(r about 0.3). At the same time, there was practically no correlation between the DCR values of the α and δ rhythms. Within
the entire studied group, we found significant negative correlations between the DCRs of the δ and θ activity with the estimates
of some psychological characteristics of the subjects (levels of extroversion, psychoticism, ergicity, plasticity, dominance,
and a few others) measured using the questionnaires RTS (Strelau), EPQ (Eysenck), OST (Rusalov), and 16 PF (Kettel). We also
found positive correlations with the levels of normativity of behavior and development of imagination. At a rather high significance
of such correlations, coefficients of the latter were, as a rule, relatively low (usually less than 0.2). Results of dispersion
analysis showed that significant or close to significant intergroup differences of the mean values of estimates of psychological
characteristics diagnosed according to the above-mentioned questionnaires were typical of the subgroups of subjects with increases
and decreases in the SPs of the δ and θ rhythms or with opposite changes of these indices in the hemispheres. Probable mechanisms
of modulation of the low-frequency EEG components under conditions of the activation reaction and correlations of such changes
with psychological peculiarities of the personality are discussed. 相似文献
5.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2006,38(3):201-208
Modifications of different EEG rhythms induced by a single neurofeedback session (by the EEG characteristics) directed toward
an increase in the ratio of the spectral powers (SPs) of the α vs θ oscillations were compared with the psychological characteristics of the tested subjects (the group included 30 persons).
A generally accepted neurofeedback technique was used; the intensity of acoustic white noise served as the feedback signal.
EEG potentials were recorded from the C3 and C4 leads. Psychological testing was carried out using Eysenck’s (EPQ), Rusalov’s
(OST), and (16 PF) questionnaires. The directions of changes in the SPs of EEG frequency components were found to significantly
correlate with some individuality-related peculiarities of the tested subjects. The SP of the δ rhythm correlated with the
EPQ scale “neuroticism,” OST scale “social plasticity,” and 16 PF factors H (“parmia”), I (“premsia”), and Q3 (“self-control of behavior”). The SP of the θ component demonstrated correlations with the OST scales “ergisity,” “plasticity,”
and “social temp” and with 16 PF factors M (“autia”), Q4 (“frustration”), and Q1 (“exvia”). The SP of the α rhythm correlated with 16 PF factors Q3 (“self-control of behavior”), G (“strength of superEgo”), O (“hypothymia”), L (“protension”), and N (“shrewdness”). The SP
of the β rhythm correlated with the OST scale “emotionality,” while that of the γ rhythm showed correlations with the 16 PF
indices L (“protension”) and M (“autia”). Changes in the ratio of the α vs θ SPs correlated with the EPQ scale “neuroticism.” Thus, our data confirm the statement that a high individual variability
of the results of a single (first in the series) neurofeedback session is to a great extent related to peculiarities of the
individual psychological pattern of the subject.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 239–247, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
6.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(2):131-141
In a group of 68 adults of both sexes, we examined correlations between estimates of the psychological adaptability of an
individual (diagnosed using a multilevel personality questionnaire, MPQ) and spectral powers, SPs, of the frequency components
(rhythms) of background EEG recorded in the resting state (leads C3 and C4 according to the 10–20 system). Despite high individual
variability within the group, indices by the scale “communicative potential” demonstrated significant correlation with the
SP of the θ rhythm, while estimates of the moral normativity correlated with the SPs of the α and β1 rhythms. Subgroups of
the persons classified according to the level of the integral adaptation capability (personality’s adaptation potential) differed
from each other in the mean estimates of interhemisphere asymmetry of the α rhythm; this index was higher in subjects with
the medium/high level of adaptability. The correlations observed are, most probably, determined by the fact that both the
level of psychological adaptability of the personality and the EEG amplitude parameters depend significantly on genetic (neurochemical,
in particular) factors. Such peculiarities of the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are probably determined, to
a considerable extent, by the specificities of organization and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (aminergic, in particular)
and neurohumoral systems. 相似文献
7.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2011,43(1):42-52
In a group of 118 adults of both sexes, we studied modulation of high-frequency EEG rhythms (β and γ components) under conditions
of EEG activation related to opening of the eyes. Typical changes in the α rhythm (significant depression in the overwhelming
majority of the tested subjects) was accompanied by different (in direction and intensity) shifts of the spectral powers (SPs)
of the β and γ components in different subjects. The power of the β1 subcomponent under conditions of the activation reaction
increased in 6 persons and dropped in 109 persons; changes in this index in two hemispheres were opposite in their directions
in 3 subjects. Thus, changes in the β1 SP upon opening of the eyes were nearly parallel to those of the α rhythm but less
intense. The subgroups differentiated according to the pattern of reactivity of the β2 subcomponent included 23, 85, and 10
subjects; for the γ rhythm, the corresponding numbers were 31, 72, and 8. In other words, the patterns of reactivity of β2
and γ oscillations were rather similar to each other but differed significantly from the pattern for the β1 rhythm. Values
of the differential coefficients of reactivity (DCRs) of the β1, β2, and γ rhythms demonstrated significant correlations that
were especially close for the β2 and γ activity. Within the entire examined group, we found significant negative correlations
of the DCR values for β and γ activities with the estimates of some psychological characteristics of the subjects (levels
of neuroticism, psychoticism, plasticity, self-control of behavior, and some others) measured using the RTS (Strelau), EPQ
(Eysenck), OST (Rusalov), and 16PF (Kettel) questionnaires. The dispersion analysis demonstrated that the above-mentioned
subgroups of the subjects (with increase and decrease in the SPs of the β and γ rhythms in both hemispheres and opposite changes
of these indices in the right and left hemisphere) showed significant or close to significant specific intergroup differences
of a few mean values of the psychological characteristics estimated according to the above questionnaires. Possible mechanisms
of modulation of high-frequency EEG components under conditions of the reaction of EEG activation and relations of such changes
to the psychological characteristics of the personality are discussed. 相似文献
8.
I. N. Konareva 《Neurophysiology》2006,38(5-6):380-388
In a group of 80 adults of both sexes, we studied the correlation between the characteristics of aggressiveness of the individual
(diagnosed using the Buss-Durkee questionnaire) and parameters of the frequency components (rhythms) of EEG recorded in the
resting state from leads C3 and C4 according to the 10–20 system. Despite the natural high interindividual variability, the
higher spectral powers of nearly all EEG frequency components (δ-, θ-, α-, and β rhythms) and coefficient of reactivity of
the α rhythm corresponded in general to lower indices on the scales of the Buss-Durkee questionnaire and smaller values of
the index of aggressiveness and index of hostility. These correlations probably reflect a significant dependence of both characteristics
of aggressiveness of personality and amplitude parameters of the EEG rhythms on hereditary factors. Both these aspects of
the neurodynamic constitution of the individual are to a significant extent determined by the specificity of organization
and functioning of a few neurotransmitter (in particular, aminergic) and neurohumoral systems.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, Nos. 5/6, pp. 448–457, September–December, 2006. 相似文献
9.
EEG power mapping in the frequency bands from Δ to γ2 was used to study the changes in the background cerebral activity during “successful” cognitive aging, with the cognitive
ability preserved, in subjects engaged in complex occupational activities. The sample consisted of an older age group (OAG)
of 32 subjects (14 men and 18 women with a mean age of 65.1 ± 1.18 years) and a younger age group (YAG) of 33 subjects (18
men and 15 women with a mean age of 22.1 ± 0.38 years). The mean power of the slow (Δ, θ, and α2) rhythms decrease with age, and that of the fast (β and γ) rhythms increase with age. The heterogeneity of the power parameters
recorded at different sites was decreased in the OAG compared to the YAG. The centro-lateral power gradient was smoothed in
the frequency bands from Δ- to β2-, and both the centro-lateral and fronto-parietal power gradients and interhemispheric differences, in the α- and β1 bands in the OAG. The results suggest that the observed age-related changes are prerequisites for the involvement of compensatory
mechanisms, which may be related to both mobilization of larger resources ensuring cognitive activity and reorganization of
cortical networks in the areas prone to age-related physiological changes. 相似文献
10.
Modality-specific and supramodal EEG components that are related to the reorientation of involuntary anticipatory attention
from the internal to the external type were studied by comparing the unblocking of the visual and acoustic channels. EEG recording
was performed while subjects were at rest with their eyes open, with their eyes closed, or with their eyes closed while using
noise-protective earplugs. The means of both the EEG power in each of the derivations and EEG coherence in each of the derivation
pairs were calculated for every subject and for each of the states. The estimations have been done for the Δ, θ, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ frequency bands. The obtained data proved the hypothesis on the manifestation of both modality-specific and supramodal
components in the brain mechanisms of involuntary anticipatory attention. These results are of interest for discussion on
the degree of similarity and distinction between the systemic supports of the brain mechanisms of visual and auditory attention. 相似文献
11.
In chronic experiments on awake cats, we studied the dynamics of the spectral power density (SPD) of the α rhythm vs SPD of the θ rhythm ratio and also of the characteristics of impulse activity generated by supposedly noradrenergic (NA)
neurons of the locus coeruleus in the course of feedback (FB) sessions by EEG characteristics (EEG-FB). Trainings were performed using a technique analogous
to that in EEG-FB sessions for humans. The level of a sound noise signal presented to the animal decreased with increase in
the α/θ SPD ratio in the occipital lead. Changes in the level of the sound signal did not depend on EEG modulation in the
control series. The animals were trained to correlate changes in the loudness of the sound signal with the power of EEG rhythms
and, in such a way, to control the latter. The α/θ SPD ratio in EEG-FB sessions changed mostly due to a significant increase
in the α rhythm power. The frequency of the impulse activity of NA neurons increased in a parallel manner with such EEG modulation.
Possible mechanisms of the involvement of the cerebral NA system in the formation of the effects of EEG-FB sessions are discussed. 相似文献
12.
M. Loui Thomas Rajan A. Badwe Ramakant K. Deshpande Urmila C. Samant Shubhada V. Chiplunkar 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2001,50(4):218-225
The mechanism responsible for tissue specific localization of γδ T cell subsets is not well understood. In order to explain
the sequestration of specific γδ T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of patients with esophageal cancer,
we examined the function and expression of adhesion molecules on these cells. A hierarchy in the expression of adhesion molecules
was observed. In vitro activated γδ T cells showed dominant expression of LFA-1 (CD11a), VLA-α4 (CD49d), intermediate expression
of VLA-α5 (CD49e) and L-selectin (CD62L), but low expression of CD44v6 and αEβ7 (CD103). It was observed that the γδ T cells use LFA-1, L-selectin and CD44v6 to bind to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells,
whereas they adhere to fibroblast cells using LFA-1, VLA-α4 and VLA-α5. Vδ1 T cell subsets from the peripheral blood γδ T
cells utilize a larger array of adhesion molecules, namely LFA-1, VLA-α4, VLA-α5, L-selectin and αEβ7, to bind to SCC cells compared to the restricted usage of LFA-1, L-selectin and CD44v6 by the Vδ2 T cells. Flow cytometric
analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from the esophageal tumors confirmed the selective accumulation of Vδ1+γδ T cells in the tumor compartment. It thus appears that adhesion molecules expressed on these lymphocytes play an important
role in the recruitment and retention of Vδ1 T cells in the tumor milieu.
Received: 27 November 2000 / Accepted: 1 March 2001 相似文献
13.
Group 1 (N = 30) and Group 2 (N = 22) of healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. In both groups, the EEG was recorded in the state of rest with
the eyes closed (REC); at rest with eyes open (REO); and during passively watching TV channel noises (white noise). EEG was
also recorded in the state of forced visual attention: when counting colored symbols appearing on the screen (group 1) and
when searching for an image of a real object in the noise (group 2). The averaged values of EEG power in each derivation were
calculated for every subject and for each state in the Δ, θ, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ frequency bands. The results demonstrate that the exposure to unstructured noninformative video noise may lead to
significant changes in the EEG power in various frequency bands, with the most prominent changes taking place in the α2 band. These changes are topically wide, reflecting systemic changes in the corresponding brain mechanisms, but are much less
intense compared to the difference between the states of rest with the eyes open and closed. 相似文献
14.
Coherence at the frequency of θ, α, and β EEG rhythms was analyzed in 14 adults and 23 children of 7–8 years old while they
performed cognitive tasks requiring an involvement of working memory (WM). We used the pair matching paradigm in which subjects
had to match a pair of stimuli shown in succession in the central visual field. The pairs of verbal and visuo-spatial stimuli
were mixed together and presented in a pseudo random order. Each pair was preceded by a warning signal that did not specify
a modality of upcoming stimuli. We analyzed EEG segments recorded (i) in the rest condition, (ii) prior to the first (reference)
stimulus (maintenance of nonspecific voluntary attention), and (iii) prior to the second (test) stimulus (retention of information
in WM). In the present study we focused on the regulatory functional components of WM, and therefore, the stimulus modality
has not been taken into account. In adults, maintaining nonspecific voluntary attention was accompanied by an increase of
the strength of θ-related functional coupling between medial areas of the frontal cortex and temporal cortical zones and by
a strengthening of local β-related functional connectivity in the fronto-central areas of the cortex. In children, no such
increase was found for θ rhythm; for β rhythm the increase was limited to several short-range functional links. In adults,
the retention of information in WM was accompanied by the growth in α coherence in distant fronto-parietal links, predominantly
in the right hemisphere, while in children information retention was accompanied by the growth of θ coherence in the inferio-temporal
and parietal cortical regions. The results of the study point to a relative immaturity of the mechanisms of executive control
of WM in children of 7–8 years old. 相似文献
15.
M. L. Ashkinazi 《Human physiology》2010,36(6):678-690
The spectral powers (SPs) of the θ and α EEG rhythms were studied at different stages of visual set in children from five
to seven years of age. Children with a plastic set had a greater α band SP than those with a rigid set. At the set formation
stage, children with a rigid set displayed an increase in the SP of the θ band, which is a manifestation of an “immature”
activation reaction. Children with a plastic set exhibited an increase in the α band SP in the occipital lobes of both hemispheres.
The dynamics of the SP of the EEG rhythms differed in children younger and older than six years. At the set formation stage,
children from five to six years of age exhibited the above-mentioned “immature” activation reaction, while those from six
to seven years of age showed an increase in the α band SP in the occipital lobes. At the set actualization stage, an increase
in the α band SP was observed in the right caudal areas, while the set extinction stage was marked by a bilateral depression
of the α band in the frontal lobes. The importance of the involvement of specific cortical areas in visual perception and
the formation of a plastic set is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded in 19 standard derivations in 88 healthy subjects (students) in the state of rest
with eyes open and during memorization (learning) of verbal bilingual semantic pairs (the Latin and Russian languages) and
retrieval of information from memory (control). The estimates of EEG coherence in these states were compared for the following
frequency bands: θ (4–7 Hz), α1 (7–10 Hz), α2 (10–13 Hz), β1 (13–18 Hz), β2 (18–30 Hz), and γ (30–40 Hz). Compared to the state of rest, the decrease in coherence in the pairs of derivations from the
frontal and central cortical areas in all EEG frequency bands was the most pronounced for memorization, and the increase in
coherence in the interhemispheric derivation pairs of the parietal-occipital region in most of the frequency bands was the
most pronounced for retrieval. In addition, in the pairs formed by derivations from the parietal-occipital region with derivations
from the frontal and central regions, retrieval is also characterized by an increase in coherence in the β2 and γ bands along with its decrease in the low-frequency ranges. The dynamics of EEG coherence, when comparing the states
of memorization and retrieval, is more statistically significant in the interhemispheric and cross-hemispheric pairs of derivations
than in the intrahemispheric pairs. The revealed topographic specificity of the dynamics of EEG coherence owing to the change
of state is considered in terms of the notion on cognitive-specific forms of sustained goal-directed mental attention. 相似文献
17.
The interrelations between the level of creativity and both the baseline power and event-related desynchronization/synchronization
(ED/ES) of θ and β rhythms during a figural creative task (Torrance’s “Incomplete Figures” test) were studied under the conditions
of different motivations. A higher motivation was caused by instruction “to create most unique images” as opposed to the instruction
“to create images.” The subjects, right-handed students (14 males and 14 females), were divided into two groups with high
and low originality scores (OSs). The baseline power and the ED/ES of the θ2 and β rhythms of the subjects were found to depend on the level of creativity and person’s sex only in response to the instruction
“to create images.” Male subjects with higher OSs differed from those with lower OSs in a stronger ED of the θ2 rhythm in temporal-parietal-occipital brain regions, whereas these differences were absent in female subjects. Task performance
was accompanied by ED of β1 rhythm in men with higher OSs, whereas in women with higher OSs, ES was recorded in the same band. Only in women with high
OSs did analysis of β1, 2 reference power show a higher β1 power in the caudal hemispheric regions as compared to the frontal ones. High-OS subjects of different genders also differed
in the lateral patterns of activity in the electrode loci Fp1/2 (β1) and Fp1/2, F7/8 (β2). Our results suggest that a high level of creativity in men and women is related to sex-dependent specific patterns of frontal-occipital
and lateral activities of θ and β rhythm oscillators in the brain cortex. 相似文献
18.
Pedro J. Silva Baltazar de Castro W. R. Hagen 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1999,4(3):284-291
The sulfhydrogenase complex of Pyrococcus furiosus is an αβγδ heterotetramer with both hydrogenase activity (borne by the αδ subunits) and sulfur reductase activity (carried
by the βγ subunits). The β-subunit contains at least two [4Fe-4S] cubanes and the γ-subunit contains one [2Fe-2S] cluster
and one FAD molecule. The δ-subunit contains three [4Fe-4S] cubanes and the α-subunit carries the NiFe dinuclear center. Only
three Fe/S signals are observed in EPR-monitored reduction by dithionite, NADPH, or internal substrate upon heating. All other
clusters presumably have reduction potentials well below that of the H+/H2 couple. Heat-induced reduction by internal substrate allows, for the first time, EPR monitoring of the NiFe center in a hyperthermophilic
hydrogenase, which passes through a number of states, some of which are similar to states previously defined for mesophilic
hydrogenases. The complexity of the observed transitions reflects a combination of temperature-dependent activation and temperature-dependent
reduction potentials.
Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 16 February 1999 相似文献
19.
Fowler DW Copier J Wilson N Dalgleish AG Bodman-Smith MD 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》2012,61(4):535-547
Attenuated and heat-killed mycobacteria display demonstrable activity against cancer in the clinic; however, the induced immune
response is poorly characterised and potential biomarkers of response ill-defined. We investigated whether three mycobacterial
preparations currently used in the clinic (BCG and heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae and Mycobacterium obuense) can stimulate anti-tumour effector responses in human γδ T-cells. γδ T-cell responses were characterised by measuring cytokine
production, expression of granzyme B and cytotoxicity against tumour target cells. Results show that γδ T-cells are activated
by these mycobacterial preparations, as indicated by upregulation of activation marker expression and proliferation. Activated
γδ T-cells display enhanced effector responses, as shown by upregulated granzyme B expression, production of the TH1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, and enhanced degranulation in response to susceptible and zoledronic acid-treated resistant tumour
cells. Moreover, γδ T-cell activation is induced by IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α from circulating type 1 myeloid dendritic cells
(DCs), but not from type 2 myeloid DCs or plasmacytoid DCs. Taken together, we show that BCG, M. vaccae and M. obuense induce γδ T-cell anti-tumour effector responses indirectly via a specific subset of circulating DCs and suggest a mechanism
for the potential immunotherapeutic effects of BCG, M. vaccae and M. obuense in cancer. 相似文献
20.
Using yeast two-hybrid system to detect interactions of ATP synthase subunits from Spinacia oleracea
Subunit interactions among the chloroplast ATP synthase subunits were studied using the yeast two-hybrid system. Various pairwise
combinations of genes encoding α, β, γ, δ and ε subunits ofSpinach ATP synthase fused to the binding domain or activation domain of GAL4 DNA were introduced into yeast and then expression
of a reporter gene encoding β-galactosidase was detected. Of all the combinations, that of γ and ε subunit genes showed the
highest level of reporter gene expression, while those of α and β, a and ε, β and ε and β and δ induced stable and significant
reporter gene expression. The combination of δ and ε as well as that of δ and γ induced weak and unstable reporter gene expression.
However, combinations of α and γ, β and γ and α and δ did not induce reporter gene expression. These results suggested that
specific and strong interactions between γ and ε, α and β, α and ε, β and ε and β and δ subunits, and weak and transient interactions
between δ and ε and δ and γ subunits occurred in the yeast cell in the two-hybrid system. These results give a new look into
the structural change of ATP synthase during catalysis. 相似文献