用裂解气相色谱分析法鉴别带有不同前噬菌体的溶原性金黄色葡萄球菌

α和β为两株温和性噬菌体,金黄色葡萄球菌1157为不带前噬菌体的非溶原性菌株,分别或同时经α、β溶原化后,得到溶原性菌株1157(α),1157(β)及1157(α、B),前两者分别带有前噬菌体α或β,后者带α和β,为双溶原性株,4株菌用居里点裂解器-岛津GC-R1A计算机气相色谱仪进行分析,以目视法及计算数据分析法均能较好地鉴别1157,1157(α),1157(β)和1157(α、β)各菌株。     

模糊聚类分析在中国伞形科当归亚族分类中的应用

针对伞形科前胡族当归亚族上属间界线划分的分歧,采用模糊聚类分析方法,在形态方面以属为分类单位,定量阐明了属间亲缘关系。化学方面,以裂解－气相色谱信息为分类依据肉获得的２７个种的数据揭示了当归亚族中属间的分类关系,结果表明,当归属和在中国分布的山芹属与广义当归属类群相近,并显示了东北长鞘当归和骨缘当归是一个较特殊的类群。     

裂解气相色谱法和聚类分析在病毒识别中的应用研究

应用裂解气相色谱法和系统聚类分析对56株不同地方分离株昆虫病毒（其中NPV29株,CPV11株,GV16株）进行了识别分析．利用欧氏距离系数的8种系统聚类算法所得聚类树状图谱,结果表明,通过裂解指纹图特征峰的分析,可明显地区分NPV、CPV、GV彼此间的差异和相同亚群的不同分离株间的异同．用聚类分析进一步证明裂解气相色谱法对昆虫病毒识别的可行性,从而为病毒的分类鉴定提供了准确、快速、重复性好的一种现代分析方法。     

香豆素的^1H—NMR检测及其在阿魏亚族化学分类中的应用

利用１ＨＮＭＲ法检测中国阿魏亚族（ＦｅｒｕｌｉｎｅａｅＤｒｕｄｅ）８属２７种３变种根部乙醚提取物的香豆素成分类型,其中主要为线型二氢呋喃型香豆素（Ⅰ）和角型二氢吡喃型香豆素（Ⅳ）,线型二氢吡喃型香豆素（Ⅲ）和角型二氢呋喃型香豆素（Ⅱ）较少。据此,将８属分成４类：（１）阿魏属（ＦｅｒｕｌａＬ．）、球根阿魏属（ＳｃｈｕｍａｎｎｉａＫｕｎｔｚｅ）、簇花芹属（ＳｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓＬｅｄｅｂ．）和伊犁芹属（ＴａｌａｓｉａＫｏｒｏｖ．）未测出（不含）香豆素;（２）弓翅芹属（ＡｒｃｕａｔｏｐｔｅｒｕｓＳｈｅｈｅｔＳｈａｎ）和川明参属（ＣｈｕａｎｍｉｎｓｈｅｎＳｈｅｈｅｔＳｈａｎ）含Ⅰ类;（３）胀果芹属（ＰｈｌｏｊｏｄｉｃａｒｐｕｓＴｕｒｃｚ．ｅｘＢｅｓ．）含Ⅳ类;（４）前胡属（ＰｅｕｃｅｄａｎｕｍＬ．）含Ⅰ类和Ⅳ类。上述结果支持将球根阿魏、簇花芹和伊犁芹３个属并入阿魏属,另３个寡种属与前胡属关系最密切。所分析的前胡属１７种２变种可分成５组,其中不含香豆素的剌尖前胡和含Ⅲ类香豆素的紫花前胡及其变种最特殊,支持将它们分出前胡属的处理。     

气相色谱技术在食品安全检测中的应用

在食品安全检测方法中,气相色谱技术是十分重要的检测技术之一。它具有操作快速、简便、准确及分离效果好等优点,因此本文为反式脂肪酸的研究提供了一种切实可行的分析方法。     

气相色谱—质谱联用技术在植物激素分析中的应用

本文结合自己多年来工作的体会介绍了GC—MS技术如何用于植物激素分析和在分析过程中应注意的关键技术问题。     

前胡族花粉外壁超微结构及其系统学意义(英文)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of pollen grains of 18 species belongingto 18 respective genera of the tribe Peucedaneae Drude revealed distinct ultrastructural difference in thepollen exine, including the thickness and features of rectum, columnar layer, foot layer and endexine. Thesystematic position of those 18 species are re-evaluated based on their ultrastructural characteristics ofpollen exine observed in this study. Seven genera related to Angelica L. in Angelicinae Drude have beendeduced to genus Angelica L. For example, Osterfcum grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitagawa was changed toAngelica L. by some authors, but it differs from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels in having well developedtectum which is thicker than the columnar layer and foot layer. Its columnar layer is quite well-developedwith long and branched columellae. Besides its surface is tuberculated. Evidently, its development exceedsthat of Angelica sinensis. However, it is only a moderate evolutional species in its genus, and the Angelicasinensis accounts as the most advanced species in Angelica Diels, thus, placing genus Ostencum Hoffm.in Angelica L is not suitable, it may be more appropriate to keep its original position. In addition, Ferulaakitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex K.-Pol. differs greatly from those of Talassia transiliensis (Herd.) Korov. andSchumannia turcomnnia Kuntze, because of its very well-developed columnar layer, being about four tofive times thicker than the total of tectum and foot layer, tuberculated tectum surface and complicatedstructure of columnellae. As another species Heracleum forrestJ‘iWolff also differs from Semenovia rubtzovii(Schischk.) Monden. in having an even thickness of exine and well-developed columnar layer, it seemssuitable that they should also be treated as two independent genera.     

Typification of the Boissier names in Anthriscus Pers. (Apiaceae)

Boissier described several taxa in Anthriscus , summarized in his Flora orientalis account. The names include A. lamprocarpa, A. kotschyi, A. ruprechtii, A. tenerrima, A. t. var. leiocarpa, A. anatolica, A. macrocarpa, A. nemorosa var. mollis, A. n. var. glabra; the hst four are still recognized as separate species. These names are typified in this paper, based on the material in Boissier herbarium at G.     

浅谈昆虫分类学的研究方向

本文阐述了昆虫分类学的 3个研究方向及其形成过程、各自的研究重心和意义、各自解决的关键问题和工作内容以及 3个研究方向的相互关系。     

The taxonomy of the genusFrankia

Summary A discussion covering the problems ofFrankia taxonomy was held at the Frankia Workshop in Wageningen, September 4–6, 1983. It was agreed that the genusFrankia can be satisfactorily defined, but that solid criteria for species determination are not now available and that use of specific names should be avoided for the present.     

Isolation, purification and identification of acetylcholine in Pharbitis nil seedlings

Acetylcholine (ACh), a well known animal neurotransmitter was isolated from tissues of Pharbitis nil using five different methods. Its presence in plant extract was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. For quantitative estimation of ACh in P. nil seedlings pyrolysis-gas chromatography was applied. The presence of ACh was found in all organs of the examined plant: seeds, shoot apex, cotyledons, leaves, shoots and roots. However, the highest level of the investigated substance was noted in the youngest growing parts. In 5-day-old etiolated seedlings they were cotyledons, whereas in 14 day-old green plants - shoot apex and young leaves.     

A method of deriving subgroups of a population: a study of craniofacial taxonomy

Subgroups within a population are often difficult to discover and describe except by subjective methods. In this study, cluster analysis (numerical taxonomy) methods were used on selected craniofacial measurements obtained from 308 North American White children of both sexes in the age range 6–18 to derive categories of skeletal facial types. Two different cluster analysis approaches were used in conjunction with a separate overall evaluation of facial balance, an independent measure of maxillo-mandibular relationship (AB/FOP), and a traditional classification (Angle). The categories derived rest on corroborative and overlapping evidence from each of those methods. The categories were examined to determine if it is possible to classify a sample by means of cluster analysis, the size and discreteness of each class, how they compare with the Angle classification of the same sample, and the percentage of individuals that may be identified unequivocally by this classification scheme. Five categories were obtained. Labeled Category A — Category E, they show some correspondence to the Angle Classes I, II, and III, but categories A, B, and C appear to be subgroups, heretofore undetected, of Angle Class II. Categories D and E correspond to Angle Classes I and III, respectively. The categories are more realistic and informative than the Angle classes. Each category is reported along with its distinguishing skeletal characteristics.     

The value of lipid composition in the taxonomy of the Schizosaccharomycetales

In this study, the lipid fractions i.e. neutral (NL), phospho-(PL) and glycolipids (GL) with associated fatty acids (FAs) of 54 strains, representing the Schizosaccharomycetales, were analyzed during stationary growth phase and compared. Trace amounts of linoleic acid (18:2) were present in most of the strains representing Schizosaccharomyces. An increased percentage 18:2 was observed in the PL fraction when compared to the NL fraction. This is possibly related to membranes requiring polyunsaturated FAs for fluidity. On the basis of the percentage oleic acid (18:1) and 18:2 FAs in the different lipid fractions, the Schizosaccharomycetales can clearly be divided into two groups i.e. Group 1 (represented by the genus Hasegawaea) comprising strains producing relatively large amounts of 18:2 and relatively low amounts of 18:1 when compared to Group 2 (represented by the genus Schizosaccharomyces comprising Schizosaccharomyces octosporus and Schizosaccharomyces pombe). These results are in accordance with 18S and 26S rRNA base sequence analyses and emphasize the difference between the genera Hasegawaea and Schizosaccharomyces. Utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, it was found that these strains were all capable of producing gamma-linolenic acid. This further emphasizes the uniqueness of this order in the Dikaryomycota.     

茜草科分类学史的回顾与展望(综述)

本文回顾了170多年来茜草科植物分类学的研究历史,并结合目前内外学者所开展的相关研究,指出了目前茜草科植物分类学研究面临的问题,并对未来茜草科植物的系统演化研究作了展望。     

Determination of glycine betaine by pyrolysis-gas chromatography in cereals and grasses

A procedure for determining glycine betaine levels in plants involving pyrolysis-gas chromatography is described. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of 22 species of grasses.