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1.
Bozo Dalmacija Ivana Ivancev-Tumbas Jasmina Zejak Maja Djurendic 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2003,12(4):591-611
The 1999 NATO bombing of the oil refinery in Novi Sad (Yugoslavia) has heavily contaminated the Danube River and its sediments, as well as the surrounding soil and groundwater. The destruction of the factories released 73,569 tons of crude oil of which 90% was incinerated, 560 tons reached the Danube River, and the remainder was spilled onto the soil. The contents of oil and oil derivatives in the soil were in the range of 3 to 42,000?mg/kg. The first soil layer contained an average of 67,000?mg/kg of crude oil and oil derivatives. The layers beneath it, above the groundwater table, contained 56?ml/l of free oil derivatives in the drained water. The spreading of this pollution could imperil the groundwater quality in the water supply zone because the refinery is located in the hinterland of the zone. The quality of water and sediment samples was monitored from April 1999 to November 2000 by measuring concentrations of hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The hydrocarbon content in the Danube River water in October 2000 was about 20% of the value measured at the time of the accident. Immediately after the accident the concentration of mineral oil in the surface sediment was in the range of 0.11 to 0.29?g/kg. At the same time PAH concentrations in the river sediment were up to 160?mg/kg, depending on the sampling site location. The values showed a decrease in the course of further monitoring. 相似文献
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Seven water samples collected from Vienna and Salzburg areas in Austria were tested for their clastogenicity with the Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay. There was no indication of clastogenic activity in two drinking water samples; likewise, samples from two major rivers (Danube and Salzburg) and of a river that received effluents from a paper mill also gave negative results. Urban river water as well as ground water samples which were collected near an industrial waste dump site caused a statistically significant and dose dependent increase of the MCN frequencies. 相似文献
4.
Slobodanka Pajević Milan Borišev Srđan Rončević Dragana Vukov Ružica Igić 《Central European Journal of Biology》2008,3(3):285-294
In this paper, the ecological status of a section of the Danube River flowing through Serbia from Bezdan to Djerdap was evalutated.
Using the chemical composition of water, sediment samples from the littoral zone and dominant aquatic macrophytes, the level
of chemical pollution was ascertained. Chemical analyses of the water and sediment indicated that the tributaries flowing
into the Danube significantly influenced the chemical load of the water and as a direct consequence, the sediment. The concentration
of heavy metals including Cu, Mn and Cd found in plants of the Potamogeton genus, further indicated significant chemical pollution,
establishing a clear link between the chemical composition of plant tissues and the chemical composition of water and sediment.
This paper therefore describes how the chemical composition of aquatic plants can be used as a reliable indicator for heavy
metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
5.
1. The lipid and amino acid composition of the mussel Pseudoanodonta complanata, collected from two locations in Danube river with different pollution, was investigated.2. The water pollution causes radical changes in the lipid and amino acid composition of the mussel, which can be interpreted as disturbances of some metabolic processes as well as adaptation towards pollution. These changes can be used in future for monitoring. 相似文献
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Anca Sârbu Georg Janauer Udo Schmidt-Mumm Peter Filzmoser Daniela Smarandache Gabriela Pascale 《Hydrobiologia》2011,671(1):75-93
The complexity of water bodies in the eu-potamal river corridor and the main delta channels of the Romanian Danube is exemplified
by the macrophyte vegetation. Two hypotheses provided the background for our study: (a) is the macrophyte vegetation of large,
permanently connected branches significantly separated from that of the main river channel; (b) is the macrophyte composition
of the Danube main stem significantly altered when the river divides into the three large navigable Delta channels. Water
bodies considered were two contiguous sections of the main river channel, two large branches remaining from the historical
floodplain, and the three main Delta channels. We quantified macrophyte diversity and floristic variation. Our data set was
prepared from the MIDCC-project data base, in which macrophyte occurrence, abundance and habitat parameters are stored for
contiguous survey units of the whole Danube river corridor. Field survey method followed that of Kohler and the European Standard
EN14184. Results confirmed our first hypothesis: permanently connected side branches still support significantly different
macrophyte assemblages, making them important indicators of floodplain connectivity. The diversion of the Danube into its
three large navigable delta channels significantly alters the macrophyte vegetation from the c. 300 km of main stem up-river,
substantially supporting our second hypothesis. Our results largely enhance the knowledge on aquatic plant biodiversity in
the eu-potamal Danube, forming a solid base for long-term studies. We also discuss the relevance of our results regarding
the ecological, as well as the conservational, quality of rivers and their floodplains. 相似文献
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The role of chlorinated primary effluents in viral pollution of the Ottawa River (Ontario) was assessed by examining 282 field samples of wastewaters from two different sewage treatment plants over a 2-year period. The talc-Celite technique was used for sample concentration, and BS-C-1 cells were employed for virus detection. Viruses were detected in 80% (75/94) of raw sewage, 72% (68/94) of primary effluent, and 56% (53/94) of chlorinated effluent samples. Both raw sewage and primary effluent samples contained about 100 viral infective units (VIU) per 100 ml. Chlorination produced a 10- to 50-fold reduction in VIU and gave nearly 2.7 VIU/100 ml of chlorinated primary effluent. With a combined daily chlorinated primary effluent output of approximately 3.7 x 10(8) liters, these two plants were discharging 1.0 x 10(10) VIU per day. Because the river has a mean annual flow of 8.0 x 10(10) liters per day, these two sources alone produced a virus loading of 1.0 VIU/8 liters of the river water. This river also receives at least 9.0 x 10(7) liters of raw sewage per day and undetermined but substantial amounts of storm waters and agricultural wastes. It is used for recreation and acts as a source of potable water for some 6.0 x 10(5) people. In view of the potential of water for disease transmission, discharge of such wastes into the water environment needs to be minimized. 相似文献
10.
Schreiber A 《Heredity》2002,89(3):163-170
Twenty-nine allozyme loci analyzed in 295 common gudgeons (Gobio gobio) from the Rhine, the upper Danube and the Elbe river systems revealed variability measures of P = 0.590, H(e) = 0.066, and G(ST) = 0.1415. Gene flow was estimated at N(e)m = 1.88 over 223 river km in the Danube basin, and at N(e)m = 1.96 over 300 river km in the Rhine system. Isolation-by-distance was not observed. Danubian gudgeons proved significantly more heterozygous (H(e) = 0.106) than those from the Rhine (H(e) = 0.057) or the Elbe drainages (H(e) = 0.029). Nine polymorphic enzymes contributed to this difference, which probably indicates dispersal bottlenecking of the postglacial immigrants into the Atlantic drainages of the study area. Refugial bottlenecking of gudgeons from Atlantic drainages in a Pleistocene refuge located in oceanic northwest Europe also seems possible. Slightly deeper genetic lineages in the Danube (G(ST) = 0.0859) than in the Rhine (G(ST) = 0.0793) agree with this explanation, as does the greater mean genetic distance among pairs of population samples from the Danube (D = 0.0138) than from the Rhine (D = 0.0054). A genetic distance of D = 0.0085 separated Rhenish and Danubian gudgeons. 相似文献
11.
Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters in river water and activated sludge. 总被引:3,自引:7,他引:3
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The primary and ultimate biodegradability of phthalic acid, monobutyl phthalate, and five structurally diverse phthalic acid ester plasticizers in river water and activated sludge samples were determined via ultraviolet spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, and CO2 evolution. The compounds studied underwent rapid primary biodegradation in both unacclimated river water and acclimated activated sludge. When activated sludge acclimated to phthalic acid esters was used as the inoculum for the CO2 evolution procedure, greater than 85% of the total theoretical CO2 was evolved. These studies demonstrate that the phthalic acid ester plasticizers and intermediate degradation products readily undergo ultimate degradation in different mixed microbial systems at concentrations ranging from 1 to 83 mg/liter. 相似文献
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The change of concentration of total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was studied in the lower Danube river and in selected lakes situated in the wetland area of the Danube Delta. The differences Danube Delta in nutrient concentration in the river waters entering the delta and the delta in different sites (especially lakes) of the wetland area are considered to reflect retention in the system. The highest retention was found in periods of moderate and low water level when the surface-to-volume ratio of the lakes was high. In these periods the in-lake concentration of TRP and DIN could be as low as 11 and 23% of the values found in the inflowing river. 相似文献
13.
One hundred and seventy yeast strains belonging to 14 genera and 29 species were isolated from 112 water samples of the river Danube in the area of Bratislava. The samples were collected through the year from April to March.Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, and Candida krusei were the most frequent. The basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like organisms with oxidative metabolism were present in approximately equal numbers to those with fermentative metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the dominant yeast and was isolated from 50% of all samples examined and represented approximately one quarter of the yeast community.Yeast densities ranged from 100 to 21,100 CFU per litre. The highest population density was observed in October. Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Aureobasidium pullulans formed the main part of the yeast population in this month. 相似文献
14.
"Wild Capitalism" and "Ecocolonialism": A Tale of Two Rivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KRISTA HARPER 《American anthropologist》2005,107(2):221-233
The development and pollution of two rivers, the Danube and Tisza, have been the site and subject of environmental protests and projects in Hungary since the late 1980s. Protests against the damming of the Danube rallied opposition to the state socialist government, drawing on discourses of national sovereignty and international environmentalism. The Tisza suffered a major environmental disaster in 2000, when a globally financed gold mine in Romania spilled thousands of tons of cyanide and other heavy metals into the river, sending a plume of pollution downriver into neighboring countries. In this article, I examine the symbolic ecologies that emerged in the two moments of environmental protest, as well as Hungarian activists' reflections on the changing political ecology of the region in their discourses of "ecocolonialism" ( ökógyarmatosítás ) and "wild capitalism" ( vadkapitaliszmus ). 相似文献
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Populations of six sturgeon species in the Danube River (beluga, Russian sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sterlet, ship sturgeon
and Atlantic sturgeon) have experienced severe decline during the last several decades, mostly due to the unsustainable fishery,
river fragmentation and water pollution. Present lack of knowledge on basic sturgeon demography, life history and relative
effects of different negative factors is further hindering implementation of efficient policy and management measures. In
the present study, population viability analysis in a Vortex simulation model has been conducted in order to assess the state
of the six Danube sturgeon species, their future risk of extinction and to determine the most suitable conservation and management
measures. Population viability analysis has revealed a large sensitivity of the Danube sturgeon populations to changes in
the natural mortality, fecundity, age at maturity and spawning frequency. It was also confirmed that the sturgeons are highly
susceptible to even moderate levels of commercial fishery, and that their recovery is a multi-decadal affair. Stocking with
adult individuals was shown to produce considerably greater effect on population persistence than stocking with juveniles,
but the latter approach is probably still preferable since it avoids many inherent problems of aquaculture cultivation. This
study represents the first population viability analysis of the Danube sturgeons. 相似文献
17.
Clemens Kittinger Michaela Lipp Bettina Folli Alexander Kirschner Rita Baumert Herbert Galler Andrea J. Grisold Josefa Luxner Melanie Weissenbacher Andreas H. Farnleitner Gernot Zarfel 《PloS one》2016,11(11)
In a clinical setting it seems to be normal these days that a relevant proportion or even the majority of different bacterial species has already one or more acquired antibiotic resistances. Unfortunately, the overuse of antibiotics for livestock breeding and medicine has also altered the wild-type resistance profiles of many bacterial species in different environmental settings. As a matter of fact, getting in contact with resistant bacteria is no longer restricted to hospitals. Beside food and food production, the aquatic environment might also play an important role as reservoir and carrier. The aim of this study was the assessment of the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. out of surface water without prior enrichment and under non-selective culture conditions (for antibiotic resistance). In addition, the presence of clinically important extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenmase harboring Enterobacteriaceae should be investigated. During Joint Danube Survey 3 (2013), water samples were taken over the total course of the River Danube. Resistance testing was performed for 21 different antibiotics. Samples were additionally screened for ESBL or carbapenmase harboring Enterobacteriaceae. 39% of all isolated Escherichia coli and 15% of all Klebsiella spp. from the river Danube had at least one acquired resistance. Resistance was found against all tested antibiotics except tigecycline. Taking a look on the whole stretch of the River Danube the proportion of multiresistances did not differ significantly. In total, 35 ESBL harboring Enterobacteriaceae, 17 Escherichia coli, 13 Klebsiella pneumoniae and five Enterobacter spp. were isolated. One Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring NMD-1 carbapenmases and two Enterobacteriaceae with KPC-2 could be identified. Human generated antibiotic resistance is very common in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in the River Danube. Even isolates with resistance patterns normally associated with intensive care units are present. 相似文献
18.
The role of chlorinated primary effluents in viral pollution of the Ottawa River (Ontario) was assessed by examining 282 field samples of wastewaters from two different sewage treatment plants over a 2-year period. The talc-Celite technique was used for sample concentration, and BS-C-1 cells were employed for virus detection. Viruses were detected in 80% (75/94) of raw sewage, 72% (68/94) of primary effluent, and 56% (53/94) of chlorinated effluent samples. Both raw sewage and primary effluent samples contained about 100 viral infective units (VIU) per 100 ml. Chlorination produced a 10- to 50-fold reduction in VIU and gave nearly 2.7 VIU/100 ml of chlorinated primary effluent. With a combined daily chlorinated primary effluent output of approximately 3.7 × 108 liters, these two plants were discharging 1.0 × 1010 VIU per day. Because the river has a mean annual flow of 8.0 × 1010 liters per day, these two sources alone produced a virus loading of 1.0 VIU/8 liters of the river water. This river also receives at least 9.0 × 107 liters of raw sewage per day and undetermined but substantial amounts of storm waters and agricultural wastes. It is used for recreation and acts as a source of potable water for some 6.0 × 105 people. In view of the potential of water for disease transmission, discharge of such wastes into the water environment needs to be minimized. 相似文献
19.
Juan Lu Shixing Yang Xiaodan Zhang Xiangming Tang Ju Zhang Xiaochun Wang Hao Wang Quan Shen Wen Zhang 《中国病毒学》2022,37(1):60-69
Viruses in aquatic ecosystems are characterized by extraordinary abundance and diversity. Thus far, there have been limited studies focused on viral communities in river water systems. Here, we investigated the virome of the Yangtze River Delta using viral metagenomic analysis. The compositions of viral communities from six sampling sites were analyzed and compared. By using library construction and next generation sequencing, contigs and singlet reads similar to viral sequences were classified into 17 viral families, including nine dsDNA viral families, four ssDNA viral families and four RNA viral families. Statistical analysis using Friedman test suggested that there was no significant difference among the six sampling sites (P > 0.05). The viromes in this study were all dominated by the order Caudovirales, and a group of Freshwater phage uvFW species were particularly prevalent among all the samples. The virome from Nanjing presented a unique pattern of viral community composition with a relatively high abundance of family Parvoviridae. Phylogenetic analyses based on virus hallmark genes showed that the Caudovirales order and CRESS-DNA viruses presented high genetic diversity, while viruses in the Microviridae and Parvoviridae families and the Riboviria realm were relatively conservative. Our study provides the first insight into viral community composition in large river ecosystem, revealing the diversity and stability of river water virome, contributing to the proper utilization of freshwater resource. 相似文献
20.
The River Yamuna emerges from Saptarishi Kund, Yamunotri and merge with River Ganges at Allahabad, India. Anthropogenic stress has affected the water quality of the river Yamuna drastically in the stretch traversing Delhi and its satellite towns (National Capital Region, NCR). In the present study, effect of water quality on the microbial life in the River Yamuna was analyzed using ciliate communities (Protista, Ciliophora) as bio-indicators. Water samples were collected from six sampling sites chosen according to the levels of pollution along the river and water quality was analysed using standard physicochemical factors. As the river traverses Delhi NCR, water quality deteriorates considerably as indicated by the Water Quality Index at the selected sampling sites. Seventy-four ciliate species representing nine classes were recorded. Based on the Shannon diversity index, maximum species diversity was found at the point where the river enters Delhi. The saprobity index showed the river water was beta-mesosaprobic when the river enters Delhi and alpha-mesosaprobic at downstream sites after the first major drain outfall. Significant relationship between the spatial variation in ciliate communities and abiotic parameters indicate that ciliates can be used as effective bioindicators of pollution in the River Yamuna. 相似文献