神经发生在抑郁症发生发展中的作用

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病。全球范围内,预计有3.5亿人患有抑郁症,重度抑郁症已成为世界范围内致残的第二大疾病,并给家庭和社会带来严重的经济负担。尽管最近在神经科学研究方面取得了很大进展,但抑郁症病理生理学基础上的神经生物学机制仍知之甚少。神经发生是新的神经元产生的过程,神经发生除维持正常的生理功能外,近几十年来研究发现,神经发生在抑郁症的病理生理学和症状学中起着重要作用。深入研究神经发生的调控机制,不仅可以阐明神经发生在抑郁症病因学中的作用,同时对理解治疗药物的药理学机制以及发现新药具有重要意义。因此,该综述对神经发生在抑郁症的作用及机制进行了讨论。     

抑郁症动物模型与其发病机制研究的进展

抑郁症在全球范围内高发,目前尚无有效的治疗手段,使其成为全球性卫生问题之一。抑郁症动物模型作为疾病机理研究以及药物筛选的主要手段,一直以来备受关注,现有的抑郁模型创新性地融合了比较行为学以及最新的分子生物学等相关技术。本文将结合模型的表面效度、结构效度及预测效度对现有的抑郁症动物模型及发病机制研究的最新进展进行综述,主要包括应激模型、损伤模型、化学诱导模型及转基因模型,这些模型均能不同程度的模拟人抑郁症的特征,在抗抑郁药物开发及发病机理研究中发挥重要作用。     

抑郁症的成因及其新药治疗研究进展

抑郁症是一种发病率高、危害大的精神疾病,且发病的人群正在急剧增加。抑郁症的成因复杂,其病因机制尚不十分清楚。目前研究的病因主要包括神经递质受体异常、神经退化及内分泌、炎症细胞因子、表观遗传调节和大脑衍生神经营养因子等。随着新病因的揭开,抑郁症治疗的新药及其作用机理研究也取得了较大的进展。研发的新药主要包括:选择性5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)再摄取抑制剂、选择性NE再摄取抑制剂、肾上腺素能和特异性5-HT抗抑郁药、以及新药氯胺酮。本文就抑郁症发病的成因及主要的新药治疗策略进行了综述,为揭示抑郁症致病机制及其新药研发提供了理论依据。     

药物成瘾与抑郁症共病机制的研究进展

药物成瘾和抑郁症的共患率日益提高,已发展成为常见的精神共病状态,但这两种疾病之间的联系及潜在的机制仍不明确,开发针对药物成瘾共病抑郁症的有效治疗手段仍是一项重大挑战。大量的文献表明,药物成瘾和抑郁症存在着共同的发生脑区及分子机制。该文阐述了伏隔核、外侧缰核和中脑腹侧被盖区等脑区在这种共病中的重要性,还介绍了κ阿片受体、促肾上腺激素释放因子和脑源性神经营养因子等分子在这种共病中的作用及机制。这些发现为研究药物成瘾与抑郁症共病的机制提供了新的思路,并为药物成瘾共病抑郁症患者的治疗提供了新的靶点。     

多肽药物给药途径研究现状

自1982年重组人胰岛素进入市场以来,生物技术产业已经生产出了多种挽救生命的新药。但在药物研究领域里,开发出新药只取得了一半成功。药物一旦开发出来,研究人员就面临着如何将药物导人体内发挥有效作用,而药物在体内的浓度又不致高到使正常组织、细胞中毒。这个问题对生物技术行业来说是一个大问题,因为目前生物技术产品中绝大多数是大分子多肽或蛋白质。由于蛋白质极易被消化酶破坏,又不易透过皮肤进入     

先进递药技术创新研究和专利保护

随着我国医保范围的扩大,保障全民用药安全、有效、经济成为医药领域的重大课题,针对制药企业如何在有效降低药品费用的基础上,让老百姓及时使用全新开发的特效药物成为全行业面对的巨大挑战。目前国内外成功开发全新化合物药物单体的难度不断提升,新药研究费用大幅度增加．新药研发周期持续延长,使得我国新药研发面临前所未有的冲击和考验。     

SIRT1基因在抑郁症中的作用及机制研究进展

抑郁症是一类高致残率且难治愈的精神类疾病,目前其临床诊断和治疗都面临很大的困难,因此研究抑郁症患病机制,寻找抑郁症的潜在治疗靶点,并开发有效临床治疗手段刻不容缓。沉默信息调节因子2同源体1 (silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1, SIRT1)作为一种去乙酰化酶,参与细胞衰老、癌症、心血管疾病等多种生物学过程。近年来,越来越多的研究发现SIRT1基因在抑郁症发病过程中发挥了重要的作用,但是其机制尚不明确。本文主要总结了海马、前额叶皮层、杏仁核、下丘脑视交叉上核脑区和伏隔核中SIRT1基因影响抑郁症病理过程的相关研究进展,以期为抑郁症机制研究和抗抑郁药物的研发提供一定的参考和帮助。     

从类固醇到抗体更加激烈的新药开发竞争

市场对支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病（COPD）治疗药的需求强烈。 全世界COPD患者仍任增加,新药开发竞争激烈展开。 从抗体药物到新型类固醇药物,候选新药多种多样。     

高血压影响因素及治疗的现状分析

高血压是一个世界性的公共卫生问题,近年来其患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势,根据世界卫生统计报告显示,全球三分之一的成年人患有高血压,其死亡的人数心血管系统疾病所导致的总死亡人数的一半,大量资料料显示,高血压疾病机制至今还没有一个完整统一的认识。治疗药物及方法仍存在争议,本文就近年来对高血压患者影响因素及治疗研究进展综述如下。     

抑郁症分子机制中5-羟色胺2C受体的作用

5-羟色胺系统与抑郁症关系密切,阐明5-羟色胺相关受体在抑郁症中的作用,有助于抗抑郁药物的开发与应用,提高抑郁症的治疗效果。在5-羟色胺的受体中,5-羟色胺2C受体(5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptor,5-HT2CR)在抑郁症的发病及治疗机制中发挥重要的作用。虽然已有关于5-羟色胺2C受体与抑郁症具有相关性的报道,但近年来,5-羟色胺2C受体参与抑郁症的相关分子机制有了新的进展,本文将抑郁症分子机制中5-羟色胺2C受体的作用加以综述,以期为相关工作提供依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.