正交试验法优选烟草中辅酶Q10的匀浆提取工艺

以烟草叶片为原料,用正交试验法优化了烟草中辅酶Q10的匀浆提取工艺,考察了匀浆时间、乙醇体积分数、液料比和提取次数4个因素对辅酶Q10提取率的影响,确立了烟草中辅酶Q10的优化匀浆提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂为85%乙醇,匀浆时间6 min,液料比9∶1(mL/g),提取次数2次。将该法与索氏提取进行了对比。结果表明,匀浆提取烟草中辅酶Q10的提取率为12.82μg·g-1,与索氏提取的提取率相当,但匀浆提取所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,因此匀浆法具有明显的优势。     

酶法辅助超声波微波仪从胡桃青皮中提取胡桃醌的工艺研究

以胡桃青皮为原料,在优化酶解与超声波微波萃取仪提取条件下,用硅胶层析法制取胡桃醌,并检测其纯度和含量。经过对多种提取条件的优化,确定其最佳酶解条件为:1%纤维素酶和1%果胶酶各400μL等量混合,固液比1∶20,温度55℃,pH 6.2,时间15 h。最佳提取条件是以氯仿作提取剂,固液比1∶20;在超声波恒定条件下,超声波微波萃取仪处理15 min;设置温度分别为55、60、65℃,超声波功率800、900、1 000 W,微波功率200、250、300 W,超声波频率25 kHz,模式15∶10,电机转速900 r·min-1。硅胶柱干法上样,用氯仿和石油醚分阶段洗脱得到较纯的胡桃醌制品。光度计测得胡桃醌平均含量为0.49%,纯度为81.7%。     

纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

黑色素是黑木耳的主要活性成分之一,在黑木耳的药理活性上发挥着重要作用。为了提高黑木耳黑色素的提取得率,实验采用正交法和响应面法对纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素的提取工艺进行了优化,并对最优条件下提取的黑木耳黑色素体外抗氧化活性进行了分析。实验结果表明,纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素的最优条件为:酶添加量12mg,酶解温度40℃,酶解pH 5.0,酶解时间120min,NaOH浓度1.27mol/L,料液比1:40,超声功率300W,超声时间52min,超声温度60℃。在最优条件下,黑木耳黑色素提取得率可达到10.48%,相比于实验设置的未添加纤维素酶的超声波组黑色素提取得率提高了12.93%。抗氧化结果表明,采用纤维素酶-超声波协同提取的黑色素相比于未加纤维素酶提取的黑色素清除ABTS、DPPH和羟基自由基的能力更强。研究结果为黑木耳黑色素的高效提取及其产品的应用开发奠定了基础。     

酶法协同超声波提取赤芝菌丝体多糖条件的优化

目的:本研究旨在优化赤芝菌丝体多糖提取条件。方法:采用酶法协同超声波法提取赤芝菌丝体多糖,以赤芝菌丝体粗多糖提取率为考察目标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定赤芝菌丝体多糖提取的最佳条件。结果酶法最佳提取条件为:果胶酶用量2.0%,酶解温度45℃,p H值为6.0,酶解时间60 min,多糖提取率为2.38%。在酶法处理基础上,进行超声波处理,超声处理最佳提取条件是:超声功率550 W,超声时间30 min(占空比5s/5s),料液比为1:35,多糖提取率为3.12%。     

酸溶辅助超声波法提取类球红细菌类胡萝卜素条件优化

通过单因素和正交试验,对类球红细菌3757产类胡萝卜素的提取条件进行了研究。先采用超声波法、酸溶法、研磨法、冻融法、酸溶辅助超声波法和冻融辅助超声波法优化了从类球红细菌3757菌株中提取类胡萝卜素的方法,然后开展了酸溶辅助超声波法的单因素和正交实验,最后进行了重复性实验。结果表明,酸溶辅助超声波法是较优的提取方法,丙酮是较好的提取溶剂。最佳提取条件为料液比110、超声波处理总时间20 min、酸浓度3 mol/L、酸溶时间25 min、超声波振幅40%、超声工作/间隔时间2 min/1 min、酸溶温度27℃,实验重现较好。优化后类胡萝卜素的提取率较优化前提高了74.8%,为其产业化创造了条件。     

杏鲍菇黄酮提取工艺的优化

研究了利用超声波辅助复合酶法提取杏鲍菇黄酮的最优条件。在单因素试验的基础上,固定其他影响因素,选择料液比、超声时间、酶解温度和酶解pH进行四因素三水平的正交试验。结果表明：料液比为1∶50 （g/mL）、超声时间为6 min、酶解温度为50℃、酶解pH为54的条件下,获得的黄酮提取率最高,可达3352%。     

响应曲面法优化方格星虫多糖提取工艺

为了优化提取方格星虫多糖工艺实验条件,本研究以海南三亚海域方格星虫为主要原料,用胰蛋白酶作为酶解酶,在单因素实验基础上,采取响应面法研究超声波辅助酶法提取方格星虫多糖最佳工艺条件;探讨了p H值、液料比、超声波时间、酶底比、超声波温度、超声波功率、反应时间等7个因素的交互作用及其最佳水平。结果表明在超声波辅助酶法提取方格星虫多糖的实验过程中,单因素的最佳条件酶底比为2.5%、温度为50℃、浸提时间为2 h、料液比为1:17 g/m L、超声时间为1 h、pH值为8、超声功率为960 W,多糖的最大提取率为3.24%。该方法实验条件要求不苛刻,浸提时间短,提取率高,是一项新的实验尝试,实验结果为优化方格星虫的多糖提取理论参考。     

响应面优化酶解—微波辅助提取桑叶多糖的工艺研究

采用响应面优化酶解——微波辅助法从桑叶中提取桑叶多糖的提取工艺。在单因素试验的基础上通过采用Box-Behnken方法,研究液固比、提取时间、提取温度对桑叶多糖提取率的影响。结果显示,拟合方程显著,最终确定桑叶多糖的最优提取条件为：酶含量2%、酶解pH6、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间20 min、液固比15 mL·g^-1、提取时间13 min、提取温度76℃,该条件下桑叶多糖的实际提取率为15.23%,与理论模拟值15.12%接近,建立的模型真实可靠。该方法用于提取桑叶中的多糖类成分,工艺简单、成本低,具有有较高的应用价值。     

皂化法分离测定三孢布拉氏霉菌体中辅酶Q10的研究

目的:为研究醇碱皂化法分离三孢布拉氏霉菌体中辅酶Q10的最佳工艺。方法:采用正交实验,对醇碱皂化法分离测定三孢布拉氏霉菌体中辅酶Q10的各工艺条件进行了研究。结果:皂化时间、醇碱浓度及焦性没食子酸添加量对皂化效果影响显著,而温度(50~90℃)对其影响较小。醇碱皂化法提取三孢布拉氏霉中辅酶Q10的最佳工艺条件为:KOH加入量为湿菌体的1/2(w/w),醇碱浓度为10%,焦性没食子酸量添加量为湿菌体的10%(w/w),在70℃下皂化60min。此提取工艺平均回收率达81.8%,RSD为2.6%。     

氩离子激光照射对类球红细菌的诱变效应及对辅酶Q10产生量的影响

以低产量辅酶Q10类球红细菌为亲本,以氩离子激光为诱变源,对其幅照诱变,结果发现:亲本株发生了明显的诱变效应,出现了不同的色素突变表型。诱变后的色素突变株不仅遗传性状稳定,且辅酶Q10产量比亲本株有明显提高。对其中的黄色突变株发酵液进行辅酶Q10提取及测定,结果显示:其辅酶Q10产量比亲本株提高102.10%,经发酵条件初步优化,其最高产量可达26.39 mg/L发酵液。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。