MicroRNA介导中药活性成分抗肿瘤机制的研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一类新发现的非编码RNA,其异常表达在肿瘤的病理过程中扮演着重要角色,起着类似癌基因和抑癌基因的双重作用。目前中药活性成分抗肿瘤已成为关注的热点,但其影响miRNA的报道却较少。就近几年有关中药活性成分、miRNA及肿瘤间关系的研究进行了综述,为今后中药活性成分抗肿瘤的机制研究提供新思路。     

甘草甜素抗炎及抗肿瘤机制研究进展

甘草甜素是中药甘草的主要成分,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等作用,随着研究的不断深入,甘草甜素广泛地应用于银屑病、慢性肝病、艾滋病及肿瘤等疾病的治疗中。近年来,学者对其抗炎和抗肿瘤作用研究较为突出,其机制包括抑制炎症因子、抗氧化、免疫调节、抗血管生成等,为更好地指导临床应用,就目前甘草甜素抗炎和抗肿瘤机制作一综述。     

基于斑马鱼模式生物的中药主要成分抑制血管生成的活性筛选

利用荧光转基因斑马鱼模型筛选来源于不同药性中药的主要成分,比较其抑制血管生成的作用差异,为研发抗肿瘤新药提供先导化合物。以TG(VEGFR2:GFP)系荧光转基因斑马鱼作为筛选模型,18种来源于不同药性中药的主要成分,按照25、50、100μg/m L的药物浓度分别作用于斑马鱼胚胎,观察对斑马鱼体节间血管(ISVs)生成的影响,并进行定量分析。结果发现,18种中药成分均有不同程度的抑制斑马鱼血管生成作用,其中来源于寒性和热性中药的主要成分抑制作用比较明显,来源于平性中药的成分抑制作用比较弱,5种效果很明显的成分分别是汉防己甲素、木通皂苷D、阿魏酸、丹参酮IIA、儿茶素,且具有一定的量效关系。本研究从中药寒热药性理论的角度,探讨了来源于不同药性中药的主要成分抑制血管生成的活性,筛选出的5种中药成分,具有很明显的抑制斑马鱼体节间血管(ISVs)生成作用,可以为抗肿瘤药物的研发提供先导化合物,为抗肿瘤先导化合物的筛选提供新的思路。     

药用真菌抗肿瘤活性及机制的研究进展

药用真菌的多种生物活性物质在抗肿瘤方面具有显著功效,且有副作用小或食药同源等特点。但目前其抗肿瘤作用机制多而复杂,尚未完全阐述清楚。该文主要对具有抗肿瘤作用的药用真菌种类、活性成分及其作用机制的研究进展进行综述。     

中药的抗肿瘤转移研究进展

本文就近十年来中药抗肿瘤转移作用的研究作一综述 ,主要复习了有关肿瘤转移的步骤及中药抗肿瘤转移机制方面的文献 ,期望为新药的研制与开发提供新思路。     

中药多糖在抗肿瘤免疫中的研究进展

近年来,中药多糖由于其显著的免疫调节作用,抗肿瘤活性以及低毒高效性,而受到学者和消费者的广泛关注,可作为一类理想的抗肿瘤免疫的营养药物。本文主要对中药多糖的对肿瘤微环境的免疫调节作用,对免疫的双向调节作用,作为化疗药免疫佐剂的潜在应用价值以及通过口服途径发挥免疫调节作用的机制等方面进行了综述。这都将为中药多糖在抗肿瘤免疫中的潜在应用提供理论依据。     

人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤作用机制的研究进展

人参作为传统中药家喻户晓,其提纯的重要活性成分之一一一人参皂苷Rg3,在科研中发现,具有多方向、多“靶点”抗肿瘤作用,并在临床治疗中不断被证实和推广.目前发现:人参皂苷Rg3具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖作用;通过激活凋亡基因活性或抑制凋亡抑制蛋白等,从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡;抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移;抑制肿瘤血管生成因子的信号传导途径,促进肿瘤血管生成抑制因子的表达,从而抑制肿瘤新生血管形成;与部分化学药物联合,可明显提高效果,同时对临床患者无明显血液系统毒性,并提高生活质量等作用.近年临床及体外实验证明,人参皂苷Rg3对多个系统并以不同机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,而对其研究仍在不断探索新的方向.作为祖国传统中药中提纯的单体抗肿瘤药物,在现今综合抗肿瘤治疗中意义深刻.     

雷公藤红素抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

雷公藤红素是我国传统中药雷公藤中的天然活性成分,具有抗类风湿、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性。近年来,雷公藤红素由于低毒、多靶点、广谱性等优势,在抗肿瘤治疗中备受关注。雷公藤红素可以通过调控PI3K/AKT、NF-κB、MAPK和STAT3等多种信号通路抑制肿瘤增殖、侵袭和转移,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。综述了雷公藤红素的抗肿瘤作用及机制,以期促进雷公藤红素的深入研究与应用。     

青蒿素类化合物抗肿瘤研究新进展

传统中药及其天然活性成分为现代医药发展提供了丰富的资源。青蒿素及其衍生物的抗疟活性已得到世界公认,具有起效快、药效高、毒副作用低等优点。不断深入的研究揭示了该类化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤作用,如诱导细胞周期阻滞、促进细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管生成、阻断肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移等。目前,在认识青蒿素类化合物抗癌分子作用机理的基础上对其进行结构改造,为新型一类抗肿瘤药物的研制奠定基础。对青蒿素及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性及相关分子机制研究现状进行了综述。     

抗肿瘤中药动物模型及机制研究进展

通过动物实验研究中药抗肿瘤作用及机制是新药开发的必要途径.本文对近年来抗肿瘤中药有效成分进行动物实验的实验模型、实验方法、疗效评价、机制研究等方面进行综述.     

中药活性成分治疗糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的机制研究进展

2型糖尿病已成为威胁人类健康的重要代谢性疾病,而胰岛素抵抗作为2型糖尿病显著特征和发病机制的基本环节之一,贯穿于 疾病的整个发生发展过程。传统中药在治疗2型糖尿病/胰岛素抵抗中发挥着重要作用,但其作用机制尚难完全阐明,因此,明确其中 活性单体化合物的作用机制十分重要,并能为此类中药的现代化开发提供必要的理论基础。分类综述主要中药活性成分治疗糖尿病胰岛 素抵抗的机制研究进展。     

Synthetic lethality theory approaches to effective substance discovery and functional mechanisms elucidation of anti-cancer phytomedicine

BackgroundLongstanding, successful use of combinations of phytopharmaceuticals in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has caught the attention of several pharmacologists to natural medicines. However, the development and popularisation of TCM is mainly limited because of the unavailability of reports clarifying the mechanisms of action and pharmacologically active ingredients in such formulations. Previous studies on natural medicines have mostly focused on their dominant components using forward pharmacology which often neglects trace components. It is necessary to assess the pharmacological and therapeutic superiority of many such trace components in comparison with single constituents.PurposeIn this study, we aimed to propose a new pharmacological research strategy for TCM. In particular, we presented the possibility that the effective mechanism of action of trace components of TCM is based on synthetic lethality. We sincerely hope to explore this theory further.MethodWe obtained retrieve published research information related to synthetic lethality, phytochemicals and Chinese medicine from PubMed and Google scholar. Based on the inclusion criteria, 71 studies were selected and discussed in this review.ResultsAs an interaction among genes, synthetic lethality can amplify co-regulatory biological effects exponentially. Synthetic strategies have been successfully applied for research and development of anti-tumour agents, including poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors and clinical combination of chemotherapeutic agents for efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction. TCM drugs contain several secondary metabolites to combat environmental stresses, providing a multi-component basis for corresponding synergistic targets. Therefore, we aimed to study whether this method could be used to identify active components present in trace amounts in TCM drugs. Based on a reverse concept of target–component–effect and identified synergistic targets, we explored the mechanisms of action of weakly active components present in trace amounts in TCM drugs to assess combinations of potential synergistic components.ConclusionThis pattern of synthetic lethality not only elucidated the mechanisms of action of TCM drugs from a new perspective but also inspired future studies on discovering naturally occurring active components.     

Strategy for analysis and screening of bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicines

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), due to their long time clinic test and reliable therapeutic efficacy, are attracting increased global attention served as excellent pools of bioactive compounds for the discovery of new drugs. However, hundreds or even thousands of components are usually contained in traditional Chinese medicines and only a few compounds are responsible for the pharmaceutical and/or toxic effects. The large numbers of other components in traditional Chinese medicines make the screening and analysis of the bioactive components extremely difficult. By the way, the combination effect of bioactive components on the pharmacological activity makes it very difficult to clear the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs. Therefore, some strategies have to design for screening of bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicines, which further leads to disclose the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs in molecular level. The review will summarize the present state of the art of screening strategy for active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines, and the chromatography methods for screening and analysis of bioactive compounds in traditional Chinese medicines will be emphasized.     

中药活性成分改善缺血缺氧所致脑微血管内皮 屏障功能损伤的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中发生时,基质金属蛋白酶等效应分子以及炎症反应、氧化应激等会破坏血脑屏障,增加缺血区有害产物进入脑组织, 产生脑水肿,引起继发性脑损伤。所以,保护与维持脑微血管内皮屏障功能的完整性,是脑卒中防治的重要策略之一。从调节效应分子 和相关信号通路的角度出发,综述中药活性成分对模拟缺血性脑卒中的体内外脑微血管内皮屏障功能损伤模型的改善作用研究进展,以 期为进一步阐释中药活性成分防治缺血性脑卒中的作用机制以及新药创制提供参考和依据。     

蟾酥抗肿瘤有效成分的作用研究

蟾酥(Venenum Bufonis)一词源自《本草衍义》,为我国名贵的传统中药。其含有多种化学成分,具有镇痛、强心、升压、局麻、抗炎和抗肿瘤等药理活性,临床应用广泛。蟾酥中抗肿瘤的有效成分为蟾毒配基类化合物,包括脂蟾毒配基、华蟾毒配基和蟾毒灵等。抗肿瘤活性主要包括诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞分化等。近年来,有关蟾酥中活性成分在抗肿瘤方面的作用越来越成为国内外学者研究的热点。     

生物肽降压作用机制及定量构效关系的研究

高血压是心脑血管疾病的首要危险因素,严重威胁着人类的生命健康。生物肽能有效预防和治疗高血压,并且具有安全可靠、作用多靶点等特点。大量的研究表明生物肽存在多种降压作用机制,深入研究降压机制可为中药治疗高血压提供新思路。本文综述了近年来生物肽潜在的降压机制,并探索其定量构效关系,旨在为中药药效组分的研究以及相关药物设计和筛选提供理论指导。     

Determination of trace elements in some natural drugs by atomic absorption spectrometry

Fifteen kinds of common plants, animals, and minerals used as traditional medicines by the Chinese people have been subjected to analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry for its content of seven metals: lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper, cobalt, and manganese. The concentrations of these elements are significantly different according to their vegetal, animal, or mineral origin. The average values found for lead, cadmium, arsenic, cobalt, and manganese in drugs of mineral origin are higher than those derived from plants and animals, except for copper, which was higher in drugs of animal origin. Our results suggest that the user of traditional Chinese crude drugs should be warned of the potential danger of heavy-metal poisoning because their concentrations seem to be higher than the maximum values allowed by health agencies in several countries.     

动物源活性蛋白多肽的分离纯化方法研究进展

动物类中药的有效成分以蛋白多肽为主,因此活性蛋白多肽具有重要的医疗保健价值。文章分析了沉淀法、色谱法、膜分离法以及电泳法的基本原理和主要适用范围,综述了这些方法在动物源活性蛋白多肽的分离纯化中的应用,为动物源蛋白多肽的分离纯化与进一步研究提供参考,以期开发出高效、经济和环保的蛋白多肽分离纯化新技术。