他克林和双他克林抗星形孢菌素致凋亡作用的比较

用星形孢菌素（STS）诱导NG108-15细胞和HeLa细胞凋亡,观察他克林和双他克林是否具有抗凋亡作用.相差显微镜和Hoechst 33342染色观察细胞及胞核形态;噻唑蓝(MTT)测定分析细胞损伤状况;DNA提取及琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察凋亡特征性梯带;蛋白质印迹分析Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平.结果表明,经0.1 mmol/L他克林预处理后,由STS诱导的NG108-15细胞凋亡受到明显抑制.双他克林预处理无保护作用.蛋白质印迹分析表明他克林可显著抑制Bax的表达,同时还可促进Bcl-2的表达.他克林和双他克林预处理对STS诱导的HeLa细胞损伤无明显的保护作用.结论为：a.他克林对STS诱导的神经细胞损伤有显著的保护作用,但这种保护作用与其AChE抑制作用似乎没有明显关联.b.他克林对STS损伤的保护作用有细胞选择性.     

5- 氟尿嘧啶靶向衍生物的研究进展

5-氟尿嘧啶是目前临床上的一线抗肿瘤药物之一,其抗瘤谱广,为高效抗代谢药物,但其首过代谢明显,毒副作用大,治疗剂量与中毒剂量接近,且口服吸收不稳定,半衰期短。因此,对5-氟尿嘧啶进行有效的分子修饰,以克服其缺点,提高其靶向性,最大程度地发挥其活性作用和减轻毒副作用,已成为当今抗癌药物研究的热点。本文根据不同靶向载体,对近年来国内外各种分子修饰的5-氟尿嘧啶靶向衍生物及其抗肿瘤活性研究进行综述。     

5-氟尿嘧啶靶向衍生物的研究进展

5-氟尿嘧啶是目前临床上的一线抗肿瘤药物之一,其抗瘤谱广,为高效抗代谢药物,但其首过代谢明显,毒副作用大,治疗剂量与中毒剂量接近,且口服吸收不稳定,半衰期短。因此,时5-氟尿嘧啶进行有效的分子修饰,以克服其缺点,提高其靶向性,最大程度地发挥其活性作用和减轻毒副作用,已成为当今抗癌药物研究的热点。本文根据不同靶向载体,对近年来国内外各种分子修饰的5-氟尿嘧啶靶向衍生物及其抗肿瘤活性研究进行综述。     

新型乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的三维定量构效关系研究

通过应用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂筛选模型, 检测了一系列苯戊烯酮衍生物的抑制活性, 然后应用比较分子场分析方法, 建立了乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂结构与活性之间的三维定量构效关系模型, 为设计高活性的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂提供线索. 模型R²_CV = 0.629, 最佳主成分数为6, 传统相关系数为R²＝0.972, F＝72.41, 标准误差SE＝0.331, 所得模型不仅可以解释化合物的构效关系, 而且对高活性化合物有很好的预测能力. 通过比较立体场和静电场的系数等势图, 分析了结构与活性的关系, 得到的结果可以指导新化合物的设计与合成.     

靶向抗肿瘤药物研究进展

肿瘤的分子靶向治疗是癌症的现代治疗手段。相对于传统的化学治疗而言,靶向治疗准确高效,且毒副作用小,应用前景广泛。靶向治疗作用的位点是细胞癌变过程中的基因、受体和信号转导途径中的关键酶,有赖于细胞癌变机制的研究。目前,部分细胞癌变的机制已经研究得较为清晰,相应的靶向抗肿瘤药物也被开发应用。就抗原抗体标靶、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和表观遗传调节剂三个方面,对当前的肿瘤靶向治疗研究和相关药物的开发现状作一综述。     

分子靶向药物治疗子宫内膜癌的研究进展

子宫内膜癌是我国女性生殖系统第二大恶性肿瘤,在发达国家位居第一位。子宫内膜癌的治疗早期以手术切除为主,辅以放化疗结合其他药物治疗。耐药性大大降低了化疗的成功率,从而增加了疾病复发的可能性。早期和低危疾病患者预后良好,而晚期、复发或转移性子宫内膜癌患者预后极差。目前,现有药物治疗晚期、复发或转移性子宫内膜癌的临床疗效不佳。因此,迫切需要寻找潜在的新靶点和新的治疗方法来提高疗效和改善预后。子宫内膜癌的分子分型有助于识别潜在的药物靶点,为患者的治疗和预后提供更好的临床指导。本文根据子宫内膜癌的分子分型,对子宫内膜癌具有潜在治疗作用的药物靶点和分子靶向药物的研究进展作一综述。     

乳腺癌靶向治疗的研究进展

乳腺癌是全球最常见的导致女性死亡的癌症之一。目前,除手术治疗外,化疗仍是乳腺癌全身治疗的重要手段。但预后差、总生存期短、复发快严重影响着乳腺癌的治疗效果。随着信号通路、细胞凋亡等分子生物学在肿瘤研究中的深入,新型靶向抗肿瘤药物已成为当前抗癌研究的热点,并在乳腺癌的治疗中取得了一定的进展。近年来研究发现乙酰胆碱受体与人类多种疾病密切相关,尤其是其参与了多种肿瘤的发生、发展。因此,乙酰胆碱受体的特异性拮抗剂α-芋螺毒素可能成为新颖的乳腺癌靶向治疗药物。     

植物功能性靶向基因标记的研究进展

随着功能基因组学的发展,分子标记技术正朝着功能性靶向基因标记的方向发展。因功能标记是根据与表型紧密相关的功能基因内部特定区域多态性基序开发而来的,所以此类标记不需要进一步的验证就可在不同的遗传背景下确定等位基因的有无。从靶向基因标记和功能标记、保守DNA和基因家族标记、转座子标记、抗性基因标记、RNA标记和靶向指纹标记几方面综述了植物功能性靶向基因标记的研究进展,旨在为分子标记的开发与应用提供理论基础。     

以EGFR为靶点的肿瘤分子靶向药物研究进展

随着分子生物学研究的进展,分子靶向治疗已成为除手术、放疗、化疗之外的第4种治疗方法,越来越多的用于临床治疗恶性肿瘤。分子靶向药物进入体内能够特异地选择致癌位点,杀伤肿瘤细胞,而不会波及周围正常的组织细胞,因此分子靶向治疗又被称为"生物导弹"。与传统化疗药物相比,分子靶向药物具有特异性强、疗效明显、副作用少等优点。按照分子靶向药物的性质主要归为两大类:一类是单克隆抗体,如西妥昔单抗等;另一类是单靶点或多靶点的小分子抑制剂,如吉非替尼等。表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)对肿瘤的生长、发展以及肿瘤干细胞的维持都有着非常重要的作用,并且在多种实体瘤中存在过表达或异常表达,因此在肿瘤治疗中,EGFR成为一个非常重要的用药靶点。现主要对目前国内已上市的针对EGFR的分子靶向药物最新的临床研究进展作一简要综述。     

多羟基苯衍生物对逆转录酶抑制动力学的研究

 一些多羟基苯衍生物对逆转录酶呈现竞争性抑制作用,它们对M-MLV逆转录酶的抑制作用比AMV逆转录酶要强。     

Design,Synthesis, and Molecular Docking of Some Novel Tacrine Based Cyclopentapyranopyridine- and Tetrahydropyranoquinoline-Kojic Acid Derivatives as Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Agents

A novel series of tacrine based cyclopentapyranopyridine- and tetrahydropyranoquinoline-kojic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-cholinesterase agents. The chemical structures of all target compounds were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds mostly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) with IC₅₀ values of 4.18–48.71 μM rather than butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE) with IC₅₀ values of >100 μM. Among them, cyclopentapyranopyridine-kojic acid derivatives showed slightly better AChE inhibitory activity compared to tetrahydropyranoquinoline-kojic acid. The compound 10-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-11-(4-isopropylphenyl)-7,8,9,11-tetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]pyrano[2′,3′ : 5,6]pyrano[3,2-e]pyridin-4-one ( 6f ) bearing 4-isopropylphenyl moiety and cyclopentane ring exhibited the highest anti-AChE activity with IC₅₀ value of 4.18 μM. The kinetic study indicated that the compound 6f acts as a mixed inhibitor and the molecular docking studies also illustrated that the compound 6f binds to both the catalytic site (CS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. The compound 6f showed moderate neuroprotective properties against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The theoretical ADME study also predicted good drug-likeness for the compound 6f . Based on these results, the compound 6f seems to be a very promising AChE inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

乙内酰脲类化合物的研究进展

乙内酰脲类化合物是一种五元杂环类化合物,具有多种的药理活性,且合成方法多样,由于首次从中药白附子中分离得到天然的乙内酰脲类化舍物,故对此类化合物作此综述,以便对乙内酰脲类化合物做进一步的研究。     

抗氧化系统研究新进展

氧化还原系统主要由活性氧、自由基、活性氧生成系统和抗氧化系统组成。大量的研究表明,氧化还原系统在机体多种生物学功能中发挥关键的调节作用。抗氧化系统主要包括酶类抗氧化剂和非酶类抗氧化剂。抗氧化系统一方面可以通过调节活性氧的水平影响各种生物学功能,另一方面各种酶类抗氧化剂和非酶类抗氧化剂本身也可以参与多种生化反应,调节机体功能。近年来的研究表明,机体内除了典型的抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶等,还存在多种抗氧化新型抗氧化酶,如硫氧还蛋白、谷氧还蛋白和金属基质蛋白酶等。在本文中,我们将回顾近年来的一些文献,综述抗氧化系统的研究新进展,旨在为抗氧化系统的深入研究提供理论基础。     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel NTP Derivatives

Abstract

Simple method for the preparation of anhydrides of nucleoside-5′-monophosphoric acid and with 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diylbis(phosphonic acid) has been developed.     

非胰岛素类糖尿病治疗新药研究进展

糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的慢性代谢性疾病,随着生活水平的提高,其发病率逐年上升,已成为危害人类健康的重要因素之 一。对于糖尿病的治疗药物研究,也从对传统机制的药物研究过渡到对具有新靶点和新作用机制的药物研究。其中基于这些新靶点设计 的新型非胰岛素类糖尿病治疗药物已进入临床研究阶段或已上市,给糖尿病的治疗带来了新的思路。按作用靶点和机制分类对较有开发 前景的非胰岛素类糖尿病治疗新药的研究进展进行综述。     

大环内酯类9 位羰基结构修饰衍生物的研究进展

大环内酯类抗生素自上市以来一直用于治疗呼吸系统等疾病,但随着该类药物的广泛应用,耐药菌日益增多。为此,研究者们一直致力于半合成大环内酯类抗生素的研究,希望开发出对耐药菌有效、抗菌谱广的半合成衍生物。综述近年来对大环内酯9 位羰基结构修饰的研究进展,并着重介绍一些活性较好的化合物。     

Biological Activity of Novel Synthetic Derivatives of Carnosine

Two novel derivatives of carnosine—(S)-trolox-l-carnosine (STC) and (R)-trolox-l-carnosine (RTC) are characterized in terms of their antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing activities as well as their resistance to serum carnosinase. STC and RTC were synthesized by N-acylation of l-carnosine with (S)- and (R)-trolox, respectively. STC and RTC were found to react more efficiently with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and protect serum lipoproteins from Fe²⁺-induced oxidation more successfully than carnosine and trolox. At the same time, STC, RTC and trolox suppressed oxidative hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) less efficiently than carnosine taken in the same concentration. When oxidative stress was induced in suspension of cerebellum granule cells by their incubation with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), both STC and RTC more efficiently decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than carnosine and trolox. Both STC and RTC were resistant toward hydrolytic degradation by human serum carnosinase. STC and RTC were concluded to demonstrate higher antioxidant capacity and better ability to prevent cerebellar neurons from ROS accumulation than their precursors, carnosine and trolox.     

Novel Gallate Triphenylphosphonium Derivatives with Potent Antichagasic Activity

Chagas disease is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world, affecting nearly 15 million people, primarily in Latin America. Only two drugs are used for the treatment of this disease, nifurtimox and benznidazole. These drugs have limited efficacy and frequently induce adverse effects, limiting their usefulness. Consequently, new drugs must be found. In this study, we demonstrated the in vitro trypanocidal effects of a series of four gallic acid derivatives characterized by a gallate group linked to a triphenylphosphonium (TPP⁺) moiety (a delocalized cation) via a hydrocarbon chain of 8, 10, 11, or 12 atoms (TPP⁺-C₈, TPP⁺-C₁₀, TPP⁺-C₁₁, and TPP⁺-C₁₂, respectively). We analyzed parasite viability in isolated parasites (by MTT reduction and flow cytometry) and infected mammalian cells using T. cruzi Y strain trypomastigotes. Among the four derivatives, TPP⁺-C₁₀ and TPP⁺-C₁₂ were the most potent in both models, with EC₅₀ values (in isolated parasites) of 1.0 ± 0.6 and 1.0 ± 0.7 μM, respectively, and were significantly more potent than nifurtimox (EC₅₀ = 4.1 ± 0.6 μM). At 1 μM, TPP⁺-C₁₀ and TPP⁺-C₁₂ induced markers of cell death, such as phosphatidylserine exposure and propidium iodide permeabilization. In addition, at 1 μM, TPP⁺-C₁₀ and TPP⁺-C₁₂ significantly decreased the number of intracellular amastigotes (TPP⁺-C₁₀: 24.3%, TPP⁺-C₁₂: 19.0% of control measurements, as measured by DAPI staining) and the parasite’s DNA load (C₁₀: 10%, C₁₂: 13% of control measurements, as measured by qPCR). Based on the previous mode of action described for these compounds in cancer cells, we explored their mitochondrial effects in isolated trypomastigotes. TPP⁺-C₁₀ and TPP⁺-C₁₂ were the most potent compounds, significantly altering mitochondrial membrane potential at 1 μM (measured by JC-1 fluorescence) and inducing mitochondrial transition pore opening at 5 μM. Taken together, these results indicate that the TPP⁺-C₁₀ and TPP⁺-C₁₂ derivatives of gallic acid are promising trypanocidal agents with mitochondrial activity.