地衣芽孢杆菌D-1产碱性蛋白酶培养条件的优化

为了对产碱性蛋白酶的地衣芽孢杆菌D-1的培养条件进行优化,利用10 L发酵罐,采用正交设计19(34)试验,对培养温度、pH值、搅拌转速、通气量4条件进行优化,得到地衣芽孢杆菌D-1发酵产碱性蛋白酶的最优培养条件为:培养温度37.0℃,pH值7.5,通气量4L/min,搅拌转速300r/min.利用最优条件组合进行验证...     

粘质沙雷氏菌发酵生产D-乳酸的研究

本文对粘质沙雷氏菌发酵生产D-乳酸进行了研究。以粘质沙雷氏菌G1(Serratia marcescens G1)为出发菌种,摇瓶试验确定了发酵培养方式:前12 h为菌体生长阶段,有氧培养,温度28℃,pH值7.0;后36 h为D-乳酸合成积累阶段,无氧培养,温度44℃,pH值6.0。且发现使用葡萄糖为碳源时更有利于D-乳酸的合成积累。采用缺失2,3-丁二醇合成能力的基因工程菌株R1为出发株,经筛选后得到耐受较高浓度乳酸盐的菌株R150,以R150为发酵菌种,在3.7 L发酵罐上采用两阶段发酵法,并通过增加起始菌体浓度的方法,发酵生成的D-乳酸浓度达到83.5 g/L,光学纯度达到98.9%。本研究成果为使用粘质沙雷氏菌发酵生产D-乳酸的深入研究打下了基础。     

黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29对松树萎蔫病的防治效果及其增菌条件

【目的】从松材线虫的媒介天牛蛹室及其气管中获得的黏质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens AHPC29对松材线虫具有致病能力,本研究旨在探究黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29对松材线虫引起的松树萎蔫病的防治效果以及该菌株在实验室的增菌条件。【方法】通过对温室内人工感染松材线虫的松树灌溉菌剂,分析黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29对松树萎蔫病的作用效果;通过单组分筛选和正交实验确定培养基组分和培养条件对其生长的影响,探究黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29的最佳增菌条件。【结果】对于感染松材线虫的松树,灌溉黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29菌液的处理组生长状态优于对照组,并且树内松材线虫含量显著降低;黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29增菌的最佳培养基配比为0.1%乳糖、0.5%复合氨基酸、0.5% KNO₃、1.5% MgSO₄,其中影响最大的组分为氮源;培养时其菌液最佳接种量为7%,最佳装液量为40%,最佳转速为180 r·min^-1,最佳温度为30 ℃,最适培养时长为36 h。【结论】本研究获得了黏质沙雷氏菌AHPC29的最佳增菌条件,并证实该菌具有良好的松树萎蔫病防治应用潜力,为其作为生防菌的应用提供了理论基础。     

埃博霉素B小试发酵罐发酵条件研究

研究了纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum)So F5-76在5 L发酵罐水平上发酵生产埃博霉素B的基本工艺参数,具体考察了接种量、搅拌转速、通气量、添加消泡剂及补糖等5个工艺参数对埃博霉素B发酵产量的影响。最后确定发酵罐基本发酵条件为接种量9%,搅拌转速180 r/min,空气流量3.5 L/min,消泡剂种类选择Antifoam B聚醚类消泡剂,补糖控制在发酵液糖浓度为0.2 g/L,在此条件下埃博霉素B的产量可达25.6 mg/L。     

MM3工程菌的大规模发酵培养工艺研究

首先在50L发酵罐上研究了MM3工程菌的发酵培养工艺。确定了接种量、搅拌转速、pH和补料速率等参数,活菌数可达每毫升211亿。以溶氧为放大准则可成功地将该工艺在200L国产发酵罐上再现。说明该工艺具有可放大性,可在全国各药厂推广应用。     

发酵生产魔芋葡甘聚糖酶

目的:探索和了解发酵生产葡甘聚糖酶的最佳条件。方法:在 5L发酵罐上测定不同温度、pH和接种量对发酵的影响,并用正交试验筛选最佳的产酶条件配伍。结果:该菌产生葡甘聚糖酶的条件为接种量 1 0 %,通气量 2 0L h,发酵的前 1 6h温度为 40℃,搅拌速度 2 0 0r min,pH 7 0左右,之后温度调至 5 0℃,搅拌速度 1 0 0r min,pH调至 6. 0左右,添加 0 . 2 5 %的豆油做消泡剂。在这个条件下发酵获得的酶比活力可达 5 0 0 9U mg,总活力达到 1 0 81 9U ml。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖酶实验性生产条件初探

在5L发酵罐上用正交试验检测不同温度、pH和接种量对魔芋葡甘聚糖酶发酵生产的影响。试验表明,产酶的最佳条件为温度50℃,pH5.5～6.0,接种量10%,发酵前期搅拌速度100r·min-1,通气量20L·h-1,6h后搅拌速度改为50r·min-1,通气量10L·h-1,在此条件下获得的酶比活力为4.812×106U·g-1,总活力达到7.810×106U·L-1。培养8h后细菌生物量、产物含量迅速提高,24h达到顶峰时期。发酵动力学属于偶联型。     

海洋红酵母的液体培养

目的探讨提高海洋红酵母的液体高密度培养方法。方法在摇瓶培养条件下,测定温度、pH、装液量、接种量及摇床转速对海洋红酵母BY2菌株生长的影响,进一步放大培养至50L发酵罐,在培养过程流加氨水以控制pH稳定在5.3~5.5的条件下,考察不同葡萄糖浓度对海洋红酵母BY2菌株发酵菌量的影响。结果摇瓶最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 5.5,接种量8%、装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶、摇床转速200r/min,在此培养条件下,24h时菌量达到8.9×108 CFU/mL;扩大至50L发酵罐,葡萄糖初始浓度为40、60、80、100g/L各罐20~24h时的菌量相应达到26.6×108、29.5×108、47.8×108、66.8×108 CFU/mL。结论提高初始葡萄糖浓度,流加氨水稳定发酵过程的pH,可以显著提高BY2菌株的发酵菌量。     

XRE家族转录因子XrpA调控粘质沙雷氏菌的耐酸能力

【背景】工业菌株的耐酸能力是发酵过程中的一大挑战。粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)作为肠杆菌科的一种细菌,可生成2,3-丁二醇、乙偶姻和灵菌红素等高附加值产品。然而目前对于粘质沙雷氏菌酸耐受能力的分子机制尚不清楚。【目的】通过对转录调控因子XrpA的挖掘以及对其功能的研究,探究粘质沙雷氏菌酸耐受能力的分子机制,为改善工业菌株耐酸能力提供新的策略。【方法】通过对粘质沙雷氏菌进行转座子插入突变,构建了一个Tn5G转座子插入突变文库,利用文库筛选了一株酸敏感型突变株,并对其进行测序鉴定;同时还对突变菌株中与耐酸相关关键基因的转录水平以及细胞膜通透性、细胞膜完整性和H+-ATPase的活性变化进行检测。【结果】发现了一个响应酸胁迫的转录调控因子BVG90_23400,其属于XRE超级家族转录调控因子,命名为XrpA。在酸性条件下,与野生型菌株(JNB5-1)相比,xrpA被阻断后导致了粘质沙雷氏菌多种表型的变化,其中包括生物量显著下降、H+-ATPase活性降低、细胞膜的通透性以及完整性受到破坏。【结论】 XrpA影响粘质沙雷氏菌耐酸能力的分子机制是通过对细胞膜通透性、细胞膜完整性以及H+-ATPase活性的正向调节来维持细胞在酸性条件下的内环境稳态。同时,XrpA可以通过调节酸性应激反应基因的转录水平来影响细胞内环境稳态,从而调控粘质沙雷氏菌对低pH的耐受能力。     

搅拌转速和pH对ε-聚赖氨酸发酵的影响

采用5L自控式发酵罐研究了ε-聚赖氨酸分批发酵过程中搅拌转速和pH对发酵指标以及菌体细胞形态的影响。提高搅拌速率对菌生长和ε-赖氨酸的合成有显著的促进作用;但当搅拌转速达到400r／min以上时,由于剪切力过大导致细胞死亡,ε-聚赖氨酸产量下降。当pU维持5以上,有利于菌体生长;pH4．0左右可促进￡一聚赖氨酸的合成。搅拌转速350r／min和控制pH4．0时可获得最大的￡一聚赖氨酸产量2．95g/L,菌体量9．33g／L;此时产物E．聚赖氨酸对葡萄糖的得率和对细胞干重的比生成速率分别为0．062g／g和0．006g／g．h。通过对比不同发酵条件下ε丝体的形态变化,发现当菌丝球比较均匀、形态无较大差别、具有致密程度相当的核心时,有利于￡一聚赖氨酸形成。     

Medium optimization of a hydrophilic solvent‐stable protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H

Two statistical methods were used for medium optimization for a hydrophilic solvent‐stable protease production by Serratia sp. SYBC H with duckweed as the nitrogen source. Orthogonal design was applied to find the significant variables, then response surface methodology (RSM), including Box–Behnken central composite experiments, was used to determine the optimal concentrations and interaction of the significant variables. Results demonstrated that duckweed powder, wheat flour, Tween 80, sodium chloride had significant effects on the solvent‐stable protease production. The interaction between duckweed and wheat flour was significant. The optimal level of the variables for the maximum protease production was duckweed 43.9 g/L, wheat flour 20 g/L, sodium chloride 0.08 M, Tween 80 1% v/v, initial pH 11.0, and inoculum size 7% v/v. The maximum protease activity reached 1922.8 U/mL in the optimized medium, with about 18.3‐fold higher than that in the unoptimized medium. Most importantly, the protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H has successfully catalyzed the specific acylation of sucrose in a two‐solvent medium consisting of pyridine and n‐hexane (1:1, v/v), and non‐specific acylation of sucrose in anhydrous DMSO. These results demonstrated that the protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H is a solvent‐stable protease and it could be an ideal biocatalyst for sugar esters syntheses in non‐aqueous media.     

A novel nonionic surfactant- and solvent-stable alkaline serine protease from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serratia</Emphasis> sp. SYBC H with duckweed as nitrogen source: production,purification, characteristics and application

A novel nonionic surfactant- and hydrophilic solvent-stable alkaline serine protease was purified from the culture supernatant of Serratia sp. SYBC H with duckweed as nitrogen source. The molecular mass of the purified protease is about 59 kDa as assayed via SDS-PAGE. The protease is highly active over the pH range between 5.0 and 11.0, with the maximum activity at pH 8.0. It is also fairly active over the temperature range between 30 and 80°C, with the maximum activity at 40°C. The protease activity was substantially stimulated by Mn²⁺ and Na⁺ (5 mM), up to 837.9 and 134.5% at 40°C, respectively. In addition, Mn²⁺ enhanced the thermostability of the protease significantly at 60°C. Over 90% of its initial activity remained even after incubating for 60 min at 40°C in 50% (v/v) hydrophilic organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, acetone and MeOH. The protease retained 81.7, 83.6 and 76.2% of its initial activity in the presence of nonionic surfactants 20% (v/v) Tween 80, 25% (v/v) glycerol and Triton X-100, respectively. The protease is strongly inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that it is a serine protease. Washing experiments revealed that the protease has an excellent ability to remove blood stains.     

毛霉的产蛋白酶发酵条件优化

从发酵豆制品中分离出1株产蛋白酶性质优良的毛霉M2, 并研究M2菌株的产蛋白酶条件。研究优化得出该毛霉菌株的产酶培养基条件为：氮源为大豆分离蛋白, 碳源为葡萄糖, 无机盐为磷酸二氢钾、氯化钙和氯化镁; 它的适宜的产酶发酵条件为：培养温度为28°C, 接种量为2%, 300 mL三角瓶的装液量为100 mL, 初始pH为5, 摇床转速为150 r/min, 培养时间为48 h; 发酵液蛋白酶酶活力可达4.35 U/mL。凝胶电泳法测定出毛霉所分泌蛋白酶的分子量为36.4 kD。     

Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶的双水相萃取和酶学性质

初步研究双水相体系对Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶的萃取分离效果,选用PEC4000／NaH2 PO4作为戍相系统进行系统研究,考察影响脂肪酶萃取的各种因素（如PEG相对分子质量及质量分数、NaH2PO4质量浓度、pH）,并采用正交实验进一步优化实验条件,确定双水相萃取体系为PEG质量分数为30％、NaH2PO4质量分数为20％、体系pH为6,在此条件下Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶经硫酸铵沉淀和双水相萃取两步纯化的纯化倍数达到最大,较Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶粗酶纯化了22倍。Geotrichum sp．SYBC WU-3脂肪酶纯酶为低温碱性脂肪酶,最适反应温度为15oC,最适pH为9．5,相对分子质量为3．58×10^4。     

Purification of alkaline proteases from a Bacillus strain and their possible interrelationship

 Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-K16 produced three alkaline proteases, as detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The major protease, designated M protease, was recently purified to homogeneity and its properties were characterized. In the present study, two minor proteases, designated H protease and N protease, were purified to homogeneity from cultures of this organism. H protease had a molecular mass of 28 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/PAGE (SDS-PAGE) and its maximum activity against casein was observed at pH 11.0 and at 55^°C. N protease consisted of two polypeptide chains with molecular masses of 12.5 kDa and 14.5 kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE, although it migrated as a single protein band during non-denaturing PAGE. Its maximum activity was observed at pH 11.0 and at 60^°C. The amino-terminal sequences of H protease and of the 14.5-kDa polypeptide of N protease were identical to that of M protease. The electrophoretic relationship between the three enzymes was examined after they had been stored at different pH values and at 5^°C. M protease was converted to H protease more rapidly at pH 11 than at pH 8 or below, and H protease was converted to M protease at pH 8 or below but not at pH 11. N protease appeared to be the autolytic product of the M and H proteases. Received: 12 December 1994/Received last revision: 9 June 1995/Accepted: 31 July 1995     

响应面法对微拟球藻产微藻蛋白的发酵条件优化

以稳定期微藻蛋白浓度为评价指标,利用响应面设计对微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis gaditana)的分批发酵条件进行优化。在单因素试验的基础上,选取温度、p H、搅拌速度及通气量为影响因子,采用四因素三水平的Box-Benhnken中心组合法设计试验。结果表明:微拟球藻的最佳发酵条件为温度30℃、p H 6.9、搅拌速度340 r/min以及通气量0.65 vvm,在此优化条件下得到微藻蛋白浓度为6.18 g/L,与模型预测值基本相符,较优化前提高了9.18%。     

Molecular cloning,nucleotide sequence and expression of the structural gene for a thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. no. AH-101

Summary Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. no. AH-101 produces an extremely thermostable alkaline serine protease that has a high optimum pH (pH 12–13) and shows keratinolytic activity. The gene encoding this protease was cloned in Escherichia coli and expressed in B. subtilis. The cloned protease was identical to the AH-101 protease in its optimum pH and thermostability at high alkaline pH. An open reading frame of 1083 bases, identified as the protease gene, was preceded by a putative Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AAAGGAGG) with a spacing of 11 bases. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a pre-pro-peptide of 93 residues followed by the mature protease comprising 268 residues. AH-101 protease showed slightly higher homology to alkaline proteases from alkaliphilic bacilli (61.2% and 65.3%) than to those from neutrophilic bacilli (54.9–56.7%). Also AH-101 protease and other proteases from alkaliphilic bacilli shared common amino acid changes and a four amino acid deletion when compared to the proteases from neutrophilic bacilli. AH-101 protease, however, was distinct among the proteases from alkaliphilic bacilli in showing the lowest homology to the others.Correspondence to: H. Takami     

Process optimization for production and purification of novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3

Intravascular thrombosis is a major cardiovascular complication responsible for high mortality worldwide. Existing thrombolytic agents are expensive and have various side effects. As a consequence, researchers continue to search for better thrombolytic agents. Fibrinolytic proteases especially those of microbial origin are considered as potential therapeutic candidates for thrombosis. The current study reports fibrinolytic protease from a bacterial isolate Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3, as it exhibits high fibrinolytic activity on fibrin agarose plate. Studies on fibrinolytic protease from Stenotrophomonas sp. are lacking. So, a detailed study was conducted for the production and purification of fibrinolytic protease. Optimizing process parameters using the Design of Experiments method enhanced the yield by 1.5-fold. The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography resulting in 7.1-fold purification and 16.7% yield with specific activity of 383.8?U/mg. The purified enzyme exhibited higher fibrinolytic activity than plasmin and had a molecular weight of 39?kDa. Optimal activity of the enzyme was observed at 50?°C and pH 10. The enzyme exhibited stability up to 60?°C, over pH 7–10 and in the presence of different metal ions and solvents. The activity of the enzyme was significantly reduced in the presence of phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, iodoacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that the enzyme belonged to the serine–cysteine metalloprotease category. The present study is the first ever report on the Design of Experiments based optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of fibrinolytic protease from Stenotrophomonas sp.     

海南近海水域产碱性蛋白酶菌株的分离筛选及发酵条件优化

【背景】微生物蛋白酶在工业生物技术上具有广阔的应用前景。在微生物蛋白酶中,碱性蛋白酶占全球酶总产量的50%以上,获取产碱性蛋白酶的新微生物资源意义重要。【目的】在海南近海贝类养殖基地海泥中筛选获得高产碱性蛋白酶的菌株,对其生长特性进行探究并优化菌株产酶条件,获得新的蛋白酶生产资源。【方法】以酪素培养基为筛选培养基,采用形态学结合系统发育分析鉴定菌株,通过响应面实验优化菌株的产酶条件。【结果】筛选获得一株高产碱性蛋白酶的菌株F3,鉴定为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。菌株在最优产酶条件下发酵酶活达到（339.36±4.30） U/mL。【结论】筛选获得的菌株粘质沙雷氏菌F3有较好的产碱性蛋白酶的能力。