In situ and remote-sensed chlorophyll fluorescence as indicator of the physiological state of phytoplankton near the Isles Kerguelen (Southern Ocean)

Shipboard and remote-sensed Chlorophyll fluorescence were determined in the natural phytoplankton assemblage above the iron-enriched Kerguelen Plateau and the adjacent high-nutrient, low-Chlorophyll open Southern Ocean. The variance between fluorescence yield and photosynthetic efficiency was determined in combination with Chlorophyll a concentrations, irradiance and phytoplankton species distribution. A co-variance between the fluorescence measurements would allow the refinement of remote-sensing primary production algorithms. Distinct differences were found in photosynthetic efficiency and water-leaving fluorescence, with relatively high values for the Kerguelen Plateau and low values in the open ocean, reflecting the differences in Chlorophyll a concentrations. The co-variance of the fluorescence properties suggested that remote-sensed fluorescence measurements could be used to infer differences in the physiological state of the phytoplankton, hence primary production. Fluorescence yield, however, did not show the differences in the research area, most likely due to the low signal and the diurnal variation in water-leaving fluorescence.     

利用叶绿素荧光快速筛选紫外诱变高含油小球藻

本实验利用尼罗红荧光与叶绿素荧光比值表征小球藻的油脂含量,快速筛选出一株紫外诱变高产油藻株。经过叶绿素荧光分析表明,诱变株M2的生长及光合作用没有显著变化。检测诱变株M2总油脂含量32.1%,比野生藻株的23.1%提高了9个百分点。     

叶绿素荧光动力学检测塑化剂对尖细栅藻的毒性效应

以汉江水华藻类尖细栅藻Scenedesmus acuminatus为材料, 研究了塑化剂(邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯, DEHP)对其光合系统的毒性效应。以不同浓度的DEHP处理S.acuminatus, 分析其光合系统电子传递特征及相关参数, 以及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力曲线, 发现低浓度的DEHP (10 mg/L)对S.acuminatus活性反应中心的电子传递链中QA-的还原有促进作用, 而高浓度(50100 mg/L)则显著抑制; 光合活性则与DEHP浓度呈效应-剂量关系, 最大光化学效率降低; 同时DEHP显著降低SOD活性, 增加MDA含量, 而且随DEHP浓度升高, 处理时间的延长, 效果越明显。研究结果表明, DEHP处理对S.acuminatus的光合系统传递链和抗氧化系统有一定的影响,说明快速荧光动力方法能够应用于DEHP毒性效应的快速检测。     

Natural variation in the fast phase of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve (OJIP) in a global rice minicore panel

Photosynthesis Research - Photosynthesis can be probed through Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (FI), which provides detailed insight into the electron transfer process in Photosystem II, and...     

条浒苔和缘管浒苔对镉胁迫的生理响应比较

为探讨大型海藻对重金属胁迫的生理响应及耐受机制,以条浒苔（Enteromorpha clathrata）和缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的镉（Cd2 ）处理7天对两个浒苔品种的生长、叶绿素（Chl）和类胡萝卜素（Car）含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及可溶性糖（SS）和可溶性蛋白含量（SP）的影响。结果表明：随着Cd2 浓度的增加,条浒苔和缘管浒苔鲜重和相对生长速率（RGR）与对照相比显著下降,且条浒苔的鲜重和RGR降低幅度大于缘管浒苔。镉胁迫下,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/叶绿素b（Chla/Chlb）、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率（Yield）、最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax即Pm）和光能利用效率（α）、可溶性蛋白含量随着Cd2 浓度的升高均出现下降趋势,除了叶绿素外,条浒苔的其它指标的降幅要大于缘管浒苔。随着镉胁迫强度的增加,浒苔可溶性糖含量呈现逐渐显著上升。上述表明,条浒苔和缘管浒苔对Cd2 胁迫均具有一定的适应能力,且缘管浒苔耐镉性高于条浒苔。在镉胁迫下,维持较高的Car含量、Chla/Chlb、Fv/Fm、Yield、rETRmax、α、SS含量、SP含量是缘管浒苔耐镉性高于条浒苔的主要原因。     

A guide to Open-JIP,a low-cost open-source chlorophyll fluorometer

Photosynthesis Research - Chlorophyll a fluorescence is the most widely used method to study photosynthesis and plant stress. While several commercial fluorometers are available, there is a need...     

Slow induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence excited by blue and red light in Tradescantia leaves acclimated to high and low light

Photosynthesis Research - Tradescantia is a good model for assaying induction events in higher plant leaves. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence serves as a sensitive reporter of the functional state of...     

锰浓度对米氏凯伦藻叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响

运用实验生态学和叶绿素荧光分析技术,研究了锰浓度(10-12-10-4mol/L)对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)叶绿素荧光特性及生长的影响。单因子方差分析结果表明:锰对米氏凯伦藻的生长和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qP,NPQ)均有显著影响(P0.05);米氏凯伦藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度在10-12-10-8mol/L锰浓度间随着起始锰浓度的增大而增大,在10-8-10-4mol/L锰浓度间随锰浓度的增大而降低。多重比较结果表明,10-4mol/L锰浓度组的细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量显著低于其它处理组。锰浓度对荧光参数的影响与锰浓度范围和生长时期有关,当锰浓度为10-12-10-8mol/L时,荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSⅡ,ETR在第3-9天随着起始锰浓度的增加而升高,Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo在第2-7天随培养时间的延长而增加。qP值在整个培养周期内随锰浓度升高呈下降趋势,各浓度组的NPQ则呈现先下降后上升趋势。相关性分析结果表明,从第3天开始至实验结束,10-4mol/L浓度组的叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度之间均呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo)、叶绿素相对含量以及细胞密度与锰浓度的相关性则随着锰浓度范围及培养天数的不同而变化。从第4天开始至培养结束,细胞密度、叶绿素相对含量均与锰浓度(10-8-10-4mol/L)呈极显著的负相关(P0.01)。探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在赤潮藻研究中的应用。     

Variable fluorescence of closed photochemical reaction centers

Photosynthesis Research - Chlorophyll fluorescence induction during 0.4 to 200 ms multiple-turnover pulses (MTP) was measured in parallel with O2 evolution induced by the MTP light....     

Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities

Chlorophyll fluorescence has been routinely used for many years to monitor the photosynthetic performance of plants non-invasively. The relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf photosynthetic performance are reviewed in the context of applications of fluorescence measurements to screening programmes which seek to identify improved plant performance. The potential role of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in increasing both the sensitivity and throughput of plant screening programmes is examined. Finally, consideration is given to possible specific applications of chlorophyll fluorescence for screening of plants for tolerance to environmental stresses and for improvements in glasshouse production and post-harvest handling of crops.     

Modular response to salinity in the annual halophyte,Salicornia ramosissima

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that plasticity to salinity in stems of Salicornia ramosissima is expressed at a modular level, so intraplant variation should be considered in further studies.     

Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Tool in Cereal Crop Research

Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence is a subtle reflection of primary reactions of photosynthesis. Intricate relationships between fluorescence kinetics and photosynthesis help our understanding of photosynthetic biophysical processes. Chl fluorescence technique is useful as a non-invasive tool in eco-physiological studies, and has extensively been used in assessing plant responses to environmental stress. The review gives a summary of some Chl fluorescence parameters currently used in studies of stress physiology of selected cereal crops, namely water stress, heat stress, salt stress, and chilling stress.     

Phase separation in chlorophyll a containing dipalmitoyllecithin vesicles. A fluorescence and photoacoustic study

Chlorophyll a was incorporated into dipalmitoyllecithin vesicles in different concentrations. Depending on the physical state of the lipid, the chlorophyll can aggregate into domains. This phase separation was demonstrated by fluorescence as well as by photoacoustic measurements.     

Chlorophyll fluorescence--a practical guide

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyll fluorescence. After a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the technique, the methodology and some of the technical pitfalls that can be encountered are explained. A selection of examples is then used to illustrate the types of information that fluorescence can provide.     

干旱和复水对草莓叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用日本丰香草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.cv.Toyonoka)品种进行实验,研究干旱和复水对其叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,草莓叶片的最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)都随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降。干旱胁迫14d后,不同处理组草莓叶片的叶绿素荧光参数存在着显著的差异(P0.05)。复水后,低度胁迫和中度胁迫处理组能较快地恢复到正常水平,但重度胁迫组与对照组存在着显著的差异(P0.05)。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectrum inside a leaf.

Chlorophyll a fluorescence can be used as an early stress indicator. Fluorescence is also connected to photosynthesis so it can be proposed for global monitoring of vegetation status from a satellite platform. Nevertheless, the correct interpretation of fluorescence requires accurate physical models. The spectral shape of the leaf fluorescence free of any re-absorption effect plays a key role in the models and is difficult to measure. We present a vegetation fluorescence emission spectrum free of re-absorption based on a combination of measurements and modelling. The suggested spectrum takes into account the photosystem I and II spectra and their relative contribution to fluorescence. This emission spectrum is applicable to describe vegetation fluorescence in biospectroscopy and remote sensing.     

Spatial-temporal variations in rose leaves under water stress conditions studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging.

Spatial-temporal changes were examined by imaging chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence in four leaf areas, two central and two external of rose plants (Rosa x hybrida) cv. Grand Gala for 9 days, under progressive water stress. New fluorescence parameters based on the lake model have recently been used to determine Q(A) redox state and excitation energy fluxes in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that occur under drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence images showed a spatial variation in the leaves. The lower values for F(o), F(M), phi(2), q(P) and q(L) were found in the internal leaf area while higher values of non-photochemical quenching calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching (NPQ) and phi(NPQ). phi(Po) were more homogeneous throughout leaf. Temporal changes were also observed during the experiment, a 10% decrease in relative water content (RWC) (between day 1 and 2), led to a decrease in photochemical quenching and an increase in non-photochemical processes. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more or less constant till day 8. At the end of the experiment (day 9), energy dissipation by downregulation, electron transport and Q(A) redox state, decreased and phi(NO) increased to compensate the change. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters based on the lake model q(L), phi(NPQ) and phi(NO) have been found more appropriate for estimating the fraction of open centres, the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII, respectively. The F(s)/F(o) ratio is strongly correlated with NPQ and phi(NPQ) up to a RWC of 20%. This coincides with a greater decrease in photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching and an increase in phi(NO).     

叶绿素延迟荧光的发生及其在光合作用研究中的应用

叶绿素延迟荧光主要由绿色植物中光系统Ⅱ的天线色素产生,光系统Ⅱ反应中心色素P680接受天线色素吸收的光能后转变为激发态的P680,P680回到基态时释放出一个电子传给原初电子受体,随后电子沿光合电子传递链向PSI传递。当进入电子传递链的电子发生电荷重组时会使P680再次激发形成P680,P680将激发能传递给天线色素后,激发能以荧光的形式释放出来,即为延迟荧光。延迟荧光的检测和分析技术为无损测定植物光合机构的结构与功能变化提供了新的方法。利用该方法可以获得丰富的光合机构信息,如光系统Ⅱ受体侧及供体侧的伤害程度、跨类囊体膜质子梯度的大小等。本文介绍了延迟荧光的产生原理和测定方法,并且举例说明了延迟荧光测定技术在光合作用研究中的应用。     

Effects of changes in the capacity for photosynthetic electron transfer and photophosphorylation on the kinetics of fluorescence induction in isolated chloroplasts

Chlorophyll fluorescence, 9-aminoacridine fluorescence and O₂ evolution have been measured in a chloroplast system reconstituted to simulate the induction kinetics observed in leaves. Transients in redox state and energy state, both of which control the yield of fluorescence, were seen to depend upon (a) light intensity, (b) electron-transfer rate as controlled by ferredoxin level, (c) the initial levels of ADP and phosphate and (d) the initial level of NADP. These factors were shown to interact to produce a range of fluorescence patterns. It is suggested that in vivo fluorescence transients in part are due to reduction and phoshorylation of the finite NADP and ADP pools that exist in the chloroplast prior to illumination.     

Apparent absence of viruses in most symptomless field-grown sweet potato in Uganda

Heat tolerance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes was evaluated by solute leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence techniques in heat-hardened and non-hardened plants. To determine the appropriate hardening treatment, 1-month-old plants of two groundnut genotypes, ICGV 86707 and Chico were conditioned at five combinations of hardening (37°C) and non-hardening (30°C) air temperatures over a 5-day period. Heat injury, was assessed through measurements of electrolyte leakage after stressing leaf discs to 55°C for 15 min. The relative injury was significantly influenced by the conditioning temperatures and by the temperature during 24 h prior to measurement if those involved non-hardening conditions. Relative injury and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after stressing leaves of six genotypes at a range of temperatures between 49°C and 55°C. Significant genotype × hardening treatment interactions were observed in relative injury and chlorophyll fluorescence. Chico was susceptible to heat stress, the relative injury test identified ICGV 86707 as tolerant, and the chlorophyll fluorescence test identified ICGV 86707 as tolerant under hardened conditions and ICGV 87358 as tolerant when non-hardened. When expressed as percentage of control values, the relative injury and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements over the 49–53°C stress temperature range were strongly correlated. Chlorophyll concentrations were increased by hardening in all genotypes except Chico. In Chico, chl_b concentration was decreased and the chl_a/b ratio increased by hardening, and chlorophyll concentrations were correlated with chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Chlorophyll concentration may therefore provide an alternative means of screening for heat tolerance.