异种器官移植中的补体系统

异种器官作为器官移植的供体显示出很大的潜力。但是,异种器官移植中出现的超急性排斥反应是当前将其应用于临床的最大障碍。补体系统在超急性排斥反应中发挥了重要的作用。通过抑制补体系统的活性,可以达到延长移植物生存时间的目的。通过转基因的方法,使人的补体调节蛋白基因在供体体内表达,则可能从根本上抑制超急性排斥反应的发生。     

肿瘤细胞对血清补体杀伤耐受的机制研究

目的:探讨肿瘤细胞耐受血清补体杀伤的分子机制。方法:将表达不同血型抗原的肿瘤细胞与添加同血型血清的培养基孵育,获得耐受血清杀伤的肿瘤细胞。无血清悬浮培养肿瘤干细胞,对耐受血清杀伤的肿瘤细胞和肿瘤干细胞分别提取mRNA,进行反转录PCR,检测肿瘤干细胞干性标志物和补体调节蛋白的表达情况;干扰补体调节蛋白,检测肿瘤细胞对血清补体的杀伤情况。结果:对分别表达血型抗原A、B和H的HT-29、KATOⅢ、MCF7肿瘤细胞均获得耐受血清杀伤的耐受细胞,耐受细胞高表达三种膜性补体调节蛋白CD46、CD55和CD59,以及部分肿瘤干细胞干性标志物;spheroid悬浮球肿瘤干细胞高表达上述三种膜性补体调节蛋白,特别是CD46;在肿瘤细胞中腺病毒干扰CD46的表达,可显著增强血清补体对肿瘤细胞的杀伤率。结论:补体调节蛋白CD46分子可通过增强肿瘤细胞的干性而介导肿瘤细胞对血清补体的杀伤耐受。     

一个高活性的盂加拉眼镜蛇毒抗补体因子

用离子交换层析和分子筛从云南南部产的盂加拉眼镜蛇（Naja kaouthia)蛇毒中分离到一个高活性的抗补体因子（anticomplement factor)。它表现出较强的体内、体外抗补体活性,其抗补体活性的比活力为1515u/mg,纯化的抗补体因子在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈现一条带,经SDS-PAGE,确定其全分子量为149kD,还原性SDS-PAGE表明,它由3条多肽链共价结合而成,3条多肽链分子量分别为65.4kD、52.1kD和35.5kD。最小的一条多肽链在还原条件下呈现多态性,一般可见两条带（35.5kD和33.7kD)。过碘酸席夫试剂染色表明,其3条多肽链均含有糖。定量测定表明中性糖含量为1.78%,唾液酸含量为0.38%,其等电点为6.2。对其氨基酸组成分析表明它含有较多的酸性氨基酸,对其3条多肽链的N末端氨基酸序列进行了测定。     

含有补体控制蛋白结构域的蛋白质的结构和功能

补体控制蛋白(CCP)结构域分布广泛,含有CCP结构域的蛋白质在补体调节、机体排异和抵御微生物侵袭,甚至肿瘤发生发展等方面具有重要的功能。现在发现的含CCP结构域的蛋白质大约有100多种。我们综述了CCP结构域的基本特征,简要介绍了有代表性的含CCP结构域的蛋白质的功能。     

补体分子结构中的共有基序

在人补体系统３０多种成分中，约有一半左右的分子中含有某种共的有结构序列。目前已翻，这些基序有ＳＣＲ（ＣＣＰ），ＴＳＲ，ＥＧＦ前体，ＬＤＬ－Ｒ，ＦＩＭ，ＳＰ区等。在补体分子中，有的只含有一种基序，如ＲＣＡ分子只含有ＳＣＲ，Ｐ分子中只含有ＴＳＲ；有的含有多种基序，如Ｃ６，Ｃ７，Ｃ８及Ｃ９等。     

维生素C和酸应激对中华鳖幼鳖血清补体C3和C4含量的影响

为研究维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)血清补体C3和C4的影响及其在酸应激条件下的变化,我们设置了6个实验组,饵料中维生素C的添加量依次为0、250、500、2500、5000和10000mg／kg,喂食4周后取其血清,用透射比浊法测定酸应激前后中华鳖血清补体C3和C4的含量。结果表明,维生素C添加量为250mg／kg时,血清补体C3的含量与对照组间没有明显不同;维生素C添加量为500、2500、5000和10000mg／kg的4组,血清补体C3的含量明显高于对照组和维生素C添加量为250mg／kg组;维生素C添加量为500mg／kg的一组,血清补体CA含量明显高于其它5组;维生素C添加量为250mg／kg组明显高于10000mg／kg组。酸应激后,补体C3的含量没有明显下降,将维生素C添加量为0、250和500mg／kg的三组并为一组处理,则应激后有明显下降。维生素C添加量为0、250和500mg／kg的3组,血清补体CA的含量在酸应激后明显下降,而维生素C添加量为2500、5000和10000mg／kg的3组,应激后血清补体C4没有明显变化。维生素C和酸应激对中华鳖血清补体C3和CA含量的影响没有交互作用。这说明,维生素C在一定剂量范围内,能提高中华鳖血清补体C3和CA的水平,酸应激能导致其含量降低,而高剂量的维生素C对其下降有颉颃作用[动物学报49(6)：769～774,2003]。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.