光合菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601 hupT基因的克隆与功能分析

从紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601的吸氢酶（hup）基因簇中,克隆了hupT基因,并对该基因进行了测序,分析了由其推测的氨基酸序列的同源性。hupT基因全长1332bp,编码一分子量约为４８.23kD的蛋白,将hupT基因引入大肠杆菌进行了体外表达。纯化基因产物ＨupT,并进行ＨupT的自身磷酸化分析。结果表明,ＨupT属于双组份调节系统中的组氨酸蛋白激酶。将hupT基因导入光合菌Rhodobacter capsulatus吸氢酶负调节基因突变株BSE8后,野生型吸氢酶的表型得以恢复,所克隆的R.sphaeroides 601的hupT基因在吸氢酶的表达中起负调节作用。     

光合菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601hupT基因的克隆与功能分析

从紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601的吸氢酶(hup)基因簇中,克隆了hupT基因,并对该基因进行了测序,分析了由其推测的氨基酸序列的同源性.hupT基因全长1 332 bp,编码一分子量约为48 23 kD的蛋白.将hupT基因引入大肠杆菌进行了体外表达.纯化基因产物HupT,并进行HupT的自身磷酸化分析.结果表明,HupT属于双组份调节系统中的组氧酸蛋白激酶.将hupT基因导入光合菌Rhodobacter capsulatus吸氢酶负调节基因突变株BSE8后.野生型吸氢酶的表型得以恢复,说明所克隆的R.sphaeroides 601中的hupT基因在吸氢酶的表达中起负调节作用.     

光合细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides glnB-lacZ融合子的构建与表达

亚克隆了Rhodobacter sphaeroides glnB启动子,以pMP220为载体构建成glnB-lacZ融合子。将glnB-lacZ、 nifH-lacZ、 nifA-lacZ分别导入R.sphaeroides谷氨酸合酶突变株gltB-、 gltD-和野生型菌株中,分析了突变对固氮基因转录表达的影响。试验证明,在gltBD突变株中nifH的表达受阻遏,nifA表达水平很低。这证明glt基因的突变引起固氮酶结构基因和固氮正调节基因的转录被阻遏,而glnB基因的表达几乎不受影响。试验还测定了环境中结合态氮和有机酸等信号分子对glnB和nifH表达的影响,发现加入氨或谷氨酰胺后,nifH的表达受到明显的阻遏作用,glnB-lacZ的β-半乳糖苷酶活性虽下降30%左右但不随结合态氮浓度升高而变化,仍维持在一个较高的水平。α-酮戊二酸和丙酮酸对nifH的表达有部分去阻遏作用而对glnB的表达无诱导作用。     

黄色黏细菌转录因子FruA对自身基因的表达不具自调节作用

 粘细菌是研究多细胞结构形态发生机制的良好模型.FruA是粘细菌发育所必需的一种 关键性转录因子, 调节一系列发育相关基因的表达,本文研究FruA对自身基因是否存在反馈调节从而导致发育后期fruA表达水平的下调.以野生型粘细菌模式菌株DK1622为基础构建fruA基因敲除突变株DK1622ΔfruA,再将fruA-lacZ转录融合载体pMF1A整合入fruA突变株染色体attB, 获得重组菌株DK1622ΔfruA/pMF1A,通过检测β-半乳糖苷酶活性来确认FruA对自身基因的表达水平是否有影响. 结果表明fruA调控序列完整的fruA-lacZ转录融合体β-半乳糖苷酶活性在DK1622/pMF1A和DK1622ΔfruA/pMF1A之间无明显差异, 即fruA表达产物作为一种转录因子对自身基因的转录没有调节作用,黏细菌发育后期fruA表达水平的下降存在其它调节机制.     

浑球红细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides吸氨酶(hup)基因簇的分离与鉴定

以Rhodobactercapsulatus的hopS’L基因DNA片段为探针,通过Southem杂交,从构建的Rhodobactersphaeroides601基因库中调取hup基因。阳性克隆Cosmid1可与Hup突变株JP91（HupS－）、RCC8（HupR-）以及BSE8（HupT-）互补,而Cosmid3和Cosmid9只能与BSE8互补;试验所产生的接合转移子均恢复了吸氢酶的活性和自养生长能力、将Cosmidl的3．5kbPstⅠ和4．5kbBamHⅠ片段分别亚克隆到pWY11和pWY10中。pWY11和pWY10的部分DNA序列与R．capsulatus中的相关基因具有很高的同源性,从而证明了所得到的Cosmid1确实含有R．sphaeroides的基因簇。     

链霉菌来源的UDP-葡萄糖-4-差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶性质研究

经同源性比较,链霉菌139(Streptomycessp.139)产生胞外多糖依博素的生物合成基因簇中ste19基因编码的蛋白Ste19与UDP_葡萄糖_4_差向异构酶有较高同源性。将ste19基因克隆至质粒pET30a,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行了异源表达。产生的可溶性Ste19重组蛋白,占细胞总蛋白的26%,说明该基因高GC含量(73.8%)及第三位碱基偏向使用GC(96.2%)并未影响其高效表达。SDS_PAGE结果显示重组蛋白的分子量约37kD,与理论推测值基本相同。经亲和层析纯化后得到了较高纯度的重组蛋白,经HPLC分析纯度为92.9%。酶活性分析表明:Ste19蛋白可将UDP_葡萄糖转化为UDP_半乳糖,因此,Ste19蛋白是UDP_葡萄糖_4_差向异构酶,它可能参与了依博素的生物合成。     

链霉菌来源的UDP_葡萄糖_4_差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶性质研究

经同源性比较,链霉菌139（Streptomyces sp.139）产生胞外多糖依博素的生物合成基因簇中ste19 基因编码的蛋白Ste19与UDP_葡萄糖_4_差向异构酶有较高同源性。将ste19 基因克隆至质粒pET30a,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行了异源表达。产生的可溶性Ste19重组蛋白,占细胞总蛋白的26%,说明该基因高GC含量（73.8%）及第三位碱基偏向使用GC(96.2%)并未影响其高效表达。SDS_PAGE结果显示重组蛋白的分子量约37kD,与理论推测值基本相同。经亲和层析纯化后得到了较高纯度的重组蛋白,经HPLC分析纯度为92.9%。酶活性分析表明：Ste19蛋白可将UDP_葡萄糖转化为UDP_半乳糖,因此,Ste19蛋白是UDP_葡萄糖_4_差向异构酶,它可能参与了依博素的生物合成。     

粘细菌转录因子FruA与结合蛋白FruB协同参与发育基因的调控

粘细菌中一系列发育相关基因受到转录因子ＦｒｕＡ的调节。用亲和层析法从粘细菌分离出另一种与ＦｒｕＡ结合的蛋白因子ＦｒｕＢ。实验表明,ＦｒｕＢ可以被粘细菌细胞膜上的蛋白激酶磷酸化,磷酸化后的ＦｒｕＢ与ＦｒｕＡ形成复合物,此复合物通过与靶基因顺式元件的结合来调节基因的表达。有助于深入理解ＦｒｕＡ对发育相关基因的调节作用机制。     

黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中调控基因xanR3的功能

【目的】研究黄脂菌素产生菌灰黄链霉菌中编码ArsR家族转录调控蛋白(Arsenical resistance regulator)的xanR3基因的功能。【方法】利用大肠杆菌和链霉菌双亲本接合转移的方法,构建xanR3基因缺失突变株及回补突变株。利用cDNA在相邻同方向的基因间隔区进行PCR确定黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中的转录单元。利用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行突变株中黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇转录水平的检测。【结果】对得到的xanR3基因缺失突变株及回补突变株进行发酵,发现xanR3基因缺失突变株产黄脂菌素能力下降,回补菌株中黄脂菌素产量相比缺失突变株有一定程度的恢复,但仍未达到野生型水平。经鉴定,黄脂菌素生物合成基因簇中共有18个共转录单元,其中4个共转录单元在?xanR3突变株中转录水平明显下降。【结论】ArsR家族转录调控基因xanR3是黄脂菌素生物合成的正调控基因。     

草酸青霉中一个编码锌指蛋白的基因的功能鉴定

草酸青霉是自然界中常见的产纤维素酶的丝状真菌,其基因组含有多个纤维素酶基因,能够分泌完整的纤维素酶系。真菌纤维素酶基因的表达主要是在转录水平上受到调控。通过对草酸青霉野生菌株HP7-1及其高产纤维素酶突变株EU2106的转录组以及基因组进行分析,获得了一批可能与突变株酶活变高有关的候选基因。HP7A1874是其中的一个候选基因,该基因在EU2106中的表达水平下降了82%。HP7A1874编码一个锌指蛋白,锌指结构域是转录因子所具有的典型结构之一。本研究通过基因敲除获得该基因的缺失突变株△HP7A1874,测定了突变株的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性。结果表明,HP7A1874缺失突变株的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活与野生型菌株相比并无显著差异,说明HP7A1874与草酸青霉纤维素酶基因的表达调控无关。     

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

The gene encoding the form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC/O) from Rhodopseudomonas (R.) sphaeroides has been identified on a 3-kb EcoRI fragment and cloned into a broad-host-range, high-copy-number plasmid, using the gene from Rhodospirillum (Rs.) rubrum as a hybridization probe. Subclones of the gene from R. sphaeroides in pBR322 and pUC8 show substantial levels of expression and enzymatic activity in whole cells and crude cell extracts of Escherichia coli. This enzymatic activity has been shown to be similar in many respects to that of the protein purified from R. sphaeroides.     

Expression of the gene encoding cytochrome c3 from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

The gene encoding cytochrome c3 (cyc-gene) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) was cloned by G. Voordouw and S. Brenner (1986, Eur. J. Biochem. 159, 347-351). The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli but only the apoprotein was observed (W. Pollock, P. Chemerika, M. Forrest, J. Beatty, and G. Voordouw, 1989, J. Gen. Microbiol. 135, 2319-2328). In this study, the cyc-gene was cloned into the broad host range vector pRK404 and then introduced into the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Cells grown anaerobically produced a significant amount of recombinant cytochrome c3. The purified protein contains four hemes and the N-terminal protein sequence is identical to the published sequence of the native cytochrome c3. Thus, R. sphaeroides was able to produce the mature cytochrome c3 by combining the four steps of protein synthesis, exporting the protein across the membrane, cleaving the signal peptide, and inserting four hemes. It appears that the D. vulgaris promoter is not very efficiently used by R. sphaeroides. However, replacement of the promoter with a R. sphaeroides promoter should result in cytochrome c3 overproduction.     

Identification of nitrogenase and carboxylase genes in the photosynthetic bacteria and cloning of a carboxylase gene from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

The presumptive genes for the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit and for nitrogenase-specific components from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and several other photosynthetic bacteria were identified and located by interspecific probing. Restriction digests of R. sphaeroides genomic DNA were hybridized under stringent conditions to cloned DNA from Rhodospirillum rubrum (plasmid pRR2119 carrying the carboxylase gene) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (pSA30 carrying the nitrogenase genes). The nitrogenase probe hybridized with different signal intensities to several distinct HindIII, BglII, EcoRI, BamHI and PvuII fragments of R. sphaeroides 2.4.1.DNA. The carboxylase probe hybridized to only single R. sphaeroides 2.4.1.DNA fragments produced with all five restriction enzymes. A 3000-bp EcoRI-BamHI R. sphaeroides 2.4.1.DNA fragment carrying the presumptive gene for the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was cloned into pBR322 and positively identified by probing with a 32P-labeled internal PstI fragment of the Rhodospirillum carboxylase gene.     

Structural and functional studies of the response regulator HupR

HupR is a response regulator that controls the synthesis of the membrane-bound [NiFe]hydrogenase of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. The protein belongs to the NtrC subfamily of response regulators and is the second protein of a two-component system. We have crystallized the full-length protein HupR in the unphosphorylated state in two dimensions using the lipid monolayer technique. The 3D structure of negatively stained HupR was calculated to a resolution of approximately 23 A from tilted electron microscope images. HupR crystallizes as a dimer, and forms an elongated V-shaped structure with extended arms. The dimensions of the dimer are about 80 A length, 40 A width and 85 A thick. The HupR monomer consists of three domains, N-terminal receiver domain, central domain and C-terminal DNA-binding domain. We have fitted the known 3D structure of the central domain from NtrC1 Aquifex aeolicus protein into our 3D model; we propose that contact between the dimers is through the central domain. The N-terminal domain is in contact with the lipid monolayer and is situated on the top of the V-shaped structure. The central domain alone has been expressed and purified; it forms a pentamer in solution and lacks ATPase activity.     

Isolation, characterization, and complementation of a paralyzed flagellar mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides WS8.

A paralyzed Rhodobacter sphaeroides mutant strain (PARA1) was isolated by a motility screening procedure following mutagenesis of wild-type R. sphaeroides WS8-N with the transposable element TnphoA (Tn5 IS50L::phoA). PARA1 synthesized a wild-type level of flagellin, as detected by Western immunoblotting with antiflagellar antiserum. Flagellar staining showed that flagellin was assembled into apparently normal external flagellar filaments. Electron micrographs of basal body structures from PARA1 showed that some ring structures that were present were similar to those in wild-type R. sphaeroides WS8-N. PARA1 cells were nonmotile under all growth conditions. No pseudorevertants to motility were seen when PARA1 was grown in the presence of kanamycin to select for the presence of the transposon. The presence of the single copy of TnphoA in the PARA1 chromosome was demonstrated by Southern blotting. Western blotting of cytoplasmic, periplasmic, and membrane fractions of PARA1 with anti-alkaline phosphatase antiserum showed that the transposon had been inserted in-frame into a gene encoding a membrane protein. A SalI restriction endonuclease fragment was cloned from the chromosome of PARA1; this fragment contained a portion of the transposon and R. sphaeroides DNA sequence 5' of the site of insertion. This flanking R. sphaeroides DNA sequence was used to probe an R. sphaeroides WS8 cosmid library. A cosmid designated c19 hybridized to the probe, and a SalI restriction endonuclease fragment derived from this cosmid restored wild-type motility to PARA1 when introduced into this mutant strain by conjugation. The significance of this finding in a bacterium with unidirectionally rotating flagella is discussed.