一种新杨树菇(Agrocybe aegerita)凝集素的纯化及生化特性

用硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换和分子筛等方法 ,从食用菌杨树菇子实体中分离纯化了一种凝集素 ,称作为AAVP(Agrocybeaegeritaantiviralprotein) .经SDS PAGE测定其亚基的相对分子质量为15 8kD ,凝胶过滤分析分子量为 32kD .IEF PAGE计算其等电点为 3 8.AAVP不含糖 ,是一种N端焦谷氨酰环化封闭的蛋白质 ,经N端去封闭后测得N端氨基酸序列为QGVNIYNIVAGA ,用胰蛋白酶消化后得到一大片段 ,测定的氨基酸序列为PDGPWLVEK .AAVP可以凝集供试的 12种动物血和3种血型人血的血红细胞 ,但对各种血红细胞凝集滴度不同 .糖抑制实验表明 ,在供试的 18种单糖和 3种糖蛋白中 ,只有猪胃粘蛋白强烈抑制AAVP的凝血活性 .AAVP具有较好的热稳定性 ,能够忍受极端的酸碱条件 .AAVP的凝血活性不受Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、Zn2 + 等二价阳离子的影响 .抗肿瘤活性检测表明 ,AAVP对胃癌细胞株SGC 790 1,MGC 80 3,BGC82 3及人急性白血病细胞株HL 6 0有明显的抑制作用 .AAVP对小鼠腹腔注射的半致死剂量为 15 85mg kg .     

小麦与高冰草体细胞杂种F2代的性状和蛋白质组分

普通小麦（Triticum aestvum L.）“济南177”原生质体和经紫外线照射的高冰草（Agropyton elongatum(Host)Nevski）原生质体（供体）用PEG法诱导融合,形成外形偏像小麦的不对称体细胞杂种植株及后代,F2代株系可分为3种类型：1.株型松散、大穗大粒;2.株型直立紧凑、分蘖多、中穗型;3.大穗大粒直立型。蛋白质含量明显优于亲本小麦,株系之间也存在显差异;采用微IEF／SDS－PAGE双向电泳技术分析杂种F2代植株旗叶及幼胚蛋白质组分可见,杂种不仅含有双亲的蛋白质组,而且还产生了特异的新蛋白;不同杂种株系间蛋白质组分差异明显。     

杨树菇凝集素AAVP具有抗病毒和促进菌丝分化功能

杨树菇凝集素 (AAVP)是一种新的真菌凝集素 .用半叶法检测证明 ,AAVP具有抑制烟草花叶病毒 (TMV)侵染的活性 .等电聚焦法证实了AAVP可以与TMV的外壳蛋白结合 .用滤纸圆片法检测 ,AAVP对 3种植物病原真菌没有抑制作用 .AAVP滴加在菌丝的表面 ,显著地促进了杨树菇和毛木耳的菌丝分化 ,促进子实体的形成 .Western印迹表明 ,AAVP存在于菌丝、菌柄和菌盖等组织中 ;假猴头 ,香菇 ,草菇 ,杏孢菇 ,灵芝等大型真菌的子实体中存在着多种与AAVP的抗血清有交叉反应的蛋白质 .大多数大型真菌中可能存在着与AAVP具有相似血清学特征的蛋白质家族 ,在防御反应及菌丝分化等多种生理过程中发挥重要的作用     

促花和抑花处理对柑桔成花及芽肉蛋白质组份的影响

对金柑、柑和温州蜜柑施行促、抑花调控处理,并利用SDS－PAGE和IEF－PAGE电泳技术,分析了金柑、柑和温州蜜柑在受促、抑花处理后芽体的蛋白质图谱变化动态。结果表明,在柑桔花芽诱导期,经GA3或BA抑花处理的芽组织中均有新的小分子蛋白质或中性至弱碱性蛋白质出现。随着花芽由生理分化向形态分化过渡,环割处理芽中出现小分子或酸性特异蛋白质。可能表明柑桔成花或抑花具有不同的基因表达与蛋白质代谢特征。进一步证实了因处理时间不同,BA对柑桔花芽分化具有促进或抑制的双重作用．     

光敏核不育水稻61kD特异性蛋白质的纯化和N—端序列分析

用制备型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和制备型等电聚焦纯化了曾报道的光敏核不育水稻 (Oryza sativa)农垦 58S叶绿体的特异性蛋白质 P2 ,得到 SDS- PAGE和等电聚焦 (IEF )纯的 P2。经 SDS- PAGE和 IEF测定 ,该纯蛋白质的分子量是 61 k D,等电点是 5.8。现称 P2为 P61。氨基酸序列分析表明 P61的 N-端氨基酸序列与水稻和大麦叶绿体 ATPaseβ亚基的 N-端氨基酸序列同源。     

龙须藤凝集素的分离纯化和性质

利用酸化处理的Sepharose 6B亲和柱从龙须藤（Bauhinia championii)种子中分离纯化出龙须藤凝集素（BCL）,其比活性比抽提液提高了57倍,活力回收率达63．3％。经Sphadex G-100测得BCL的分子量为64000,SDS－PAGE的结果表明BCL由两个相同的亚基组成,亚基分子量为32000,等电聚集凝胶电泳测得其等电点为4．70。BCL是一种糖蛋白,其中性糖含量为3．0％。N－乙酰－D－氨基半乳糖能强烈地抑制BCL对兔红细胞的凝集作用。     

毛头鬼伞（Coprinus comatus）中一种碱性蛋白的纯化及其活性

用离子交换层析（CMsepharose FF）和凝胶层析（SuperdexTM75）方法,从新鲜食用菌毛头鬼伞（Coprinus comatus）子实体中分离纯化出一碱性蛋白y3,经SDSPAGE初步确定其分子量约为14.4kD。活性检测结果显示：当其浓度为12.5μg/mL时,对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）在心叶烟枯斑寄主上的侵染抑制率达83.0%;y3对兔血凝集活性滴度为2.5,对人血凝集活性滴度为26,其浓度分别为1.562μg/mL和0.781μg/mL;利用胃癌细胞株MGC803检测y3体外抗肿瘤活性,其IC50为12μg/mL。y3 N端序列为NRDVAACARFIDDFCDTLTP,为一新的蛋白序列。在SWISSPORT上登录号为P83477。     

螺旋藻氢酶的纯化与生化特性

本研究用DE－52、SephadexG－75、SephadexG－100柱层析从螺旋藻分离纯化得到比活性提高200倍的氢酶,回收率为14％。凝胶柱层析和SDS－PAGE显示一条带,其分子量为56kd。氨基酸分析结果表明酸性氨基酸比例较大,等电聚焦测定结果证明其等电点为pH4．2。吸收光谱结果显示氢酶是铁硫蛋白。甲基紫晶（MV）是氢酶催化放氢的最佳电子供体,其Km（MV）为0．31mmol／L,最适pH值为7．5－8．0。     

TMV 54K基因的3个突变体介导抗病性的研究

利用PCR方法分别构建了烟草花叶病毒（TMV）中一个推测为复制酶的54－kD蛋白基因（54K）缺失N端、C端和仅余基因中部261bp的3个缺失突变体,与野生型54K一起克隆入植物中间载体p208,并通过根癌土壤杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens (SDmith et Townsend)Conn）介导的方法转化烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）。用TMV侵染转基因植物的R0代和R1代,结果显示这3个缺失突变体均能介导对TMV的抗病性。     

大肠杆菌RNA聚合酶σ亚基基因的表达及表达产物的分离纯化

将2种表达质拉pEGMD（含rpoD基因）和pETF（含rpoS基因）转化到BL21（DE3）菌株中,培养菌体。破碎细胞,用盐酸抓溶解包含体,经DEAE－纤维素柱层析,SDS－PAGE检测可得纯化σ的蛋白。通过紫外分光光度法测定蛋白浓度,实验表明σ38蛋白的得率为菌体温重的0．27％,σ70蛋白的得率为菌体湿重的0．06％。     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.