一种拟南芥无菌直播水培技术

一般拟南芥的水培方法多是开放的体系(郁晓敏等2004;赵淑清和郭剑波2000),培养时间长时容易滋生菌类和青苔,影响植株正常生长。Ezaki等(2000)采用尼龙筛网和海绵缝在一起作为     

一种简单快速的拟南芥水培方法的研究

利用１／４ Ｈｏａｇｌａｎｄ溶液为营养液,采用空气压缩机通气,光照度１２０μｍｏｌ／ｍ＾２／ｓ,光暗周期１２／１２小时,光照温度２２℃,黑暗温度１８℃,湿度５０％,对模式植物拟南芥进行了溶液培养。采用这种水培系统培养的拟南芥植株比土培的植株提前三周成熟,而且植株生长非常健壮,苗高可达３０～４０ｃｍ。     

一种简易可行的拟南芥水培新方法

在国内外拟南芥水培方法研究基础上,结合实际情况,设计一套适合于实验室的需要,能就地取材自己制作的水培装置.这套装置主要由两部分组成:播放种子的塑料管和作为支撑物的不锈钢丝网,盛溶液的容器.实验证明两个拟南芥品种在这种水培装置中生长良好,且培养的费用低,易于管理等.由于有钢丝网作支撑,拟南芥能够顺利完成整个生长周期并且结实饱满,种子萌发率高.     

环境激素DBP对拟南芥体外培养叶片超微结构的影响

报道了酞酸酯类化合物DBP对拟南芥离体培养叶片超微结构的影响。在DBP(1.0mg·L-1)处理第3天即观察到拟南芥叶片叶绿体的超微结构受到破坏。不同浓度的DBP长期处理植株(40d)出现叶片白化、节间短缩等异常现象。在0.01mg·L-1DBP处理40d植株的叶细胞中,叶绿体出现解体,破碎部分呈颗粒状,散落其间,但细胞结构完整;0.1mg·L-1DBP处理后引起叶绿体的进一步解体,叶绿体中类囊体基粒和片层结构解体,细胞出现空洞现象,其它细胞器很少观察到;1.0mg·L-1DBP和2.0mg·L-1DBP处理植株叶片叶绿体中类囊体基粒和片层结构破碎,叶绿体结构也解体,细胞中其它细胞器数目极少。     

环境激素DBP对拟南芥试管形态发生的影响

报道了酞酸酯类化合物DBP对拟南芥试管形态发生的影响。利用不同浓度的DBF处理拟南芥茎段外植体,切片观察拟南芥茎段试管形态发生过程中脱分化、分化及再分化的变化情况。结果发现：拟南芥茎段外植体在对照组培养基上生长良好,首先是愈伤组织产生,而后愈伤组织块增大,颜色呈淡绿色,生长旺盛,并有分化出芽现象;添加0．01mg／L、0．1mg／L和1．0mg／LDBP,茎段愈伤组织诱导率低,且高浓度时愈伤组织出现褐化、活力差的现象;培养12h、24h、2d、3d、7d、14d、21d和28d茎段显微切片结果显示,DBP具有抑制拟南芥试管形态发生的作用,随着DBP浓度的增加呈现剂量抑制效应。     

福建省直播稻根结线虫病的病原种类鉴定

[目的] 福建省福清市江镜镇与福安市潭溪镇水稻区直播稻苗期分别发生严重的根结线虫病,本研究对其病原物进行形态和分子鉴定,明确病原物种类,以期为福建省直播稻根结线虫病害防控提供理论依据。[方法] 通过根结线虫各虫态形态学特征进行观测;同时对其rDNA-ITS区进行测序,通过贝叶斯法与最大似然法构建了系统发育树来确定种类;利用拟禾本科根结线虫特异性引物Mg-F/Mg-R检测种群。[结果] 根结线虫的雌虫、雄虫和2龄幼虫的形态学特征与拟禾本科根结线虫原始描述种一致;rDNA-ITS区序列长度为576 bp,与GenBank拟禾本科根结线虫种群相似度均达99%以上;系统发育树明确了该根结线虫与拟禾本科根结线虫处于同一分支;特异性引物Mg-F/Mg-R检测进一步明确病原为拟禾本科根结线虫单一种群。[结论] 本研究通过形态与分子特征,明确了在福建直播稻上发现的根结线虫为拟禾本科根结线虫。拟禾本科根结线虫在福建省最早于2011年在政和县小范围水稻田发现,此后未在其他水稻种植区发现。本次在福建直播稻上首次发现大面积的根结线虫为害。随着直播稻的种植面积扩大,拟禾本根结线虫引起的水稻病害可能会成为制约其发展的新问题,应引起足够重视。     

桂西南石漠化山区灌草丛对青冈和蒜头果直播造林的影响

为探讨石漠化山区立地类型对青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和蒜头果(Malania oleifera)直播造林的影响及其机理,本研究采取小区播种试验方法,并监测这2个树种在石漠化山区3种立地类型(灌丛、草丛和裸地)中种子萌发、幼苗存活与生长量情况,以及各立地类型中枯落物储量和小气候环境因子特征。结果显示,灌丛和草丛中枯落物储量分别为(182.55±47.94)g/m2和(99.88±35.76)g/m2;灌丛和草丛距离地面150cm处的光照强度和气温显著低于裸地、空气湿度显著高于裸地,且距离地面越近效果越明显;灌丛和草丛地下5cm处的土壤温度显著低于裸地;青冈种子萌发率、幼苗保存率和幼苗生长量在3种立地类型间差异不显著(P0.05);蒜头果种子萌发率在裸地和灌丛间差异显著(P=0.014),一年生幼苗株高生长量在裸地和灌丛之间、草丛和灌丛之间差异显著(P=0.011和P=0.041),幼苗基径生长量在裸地和灌丛之间差异显著(P=0.043),在草丛和灌丛之间差异极显著(P=0.003)。本实验结果表明,在桂西南石漠化山区灌、草丛的保育作用下,蒜头果种子发芽率较高,幼苗生长较快,可选择种子直播方式造林;而青冈因一年生幼苗越冬后死亡率很高,需要改进幼苗抚育措施或改变造林方式,才能取得较理想的效果。     

拟南芥室内培养技术

本文报道了室内培养拟南芥的一些简便易行的改进技术.采用我们改进的营养土、蛭石、素沙混合培养介质和直播方式培养拟南芥,并根据其生物学特性在温度、空气湿度、土壤水分和光照等方面给予适当管理,能培养出生长更健壮、更好地满足实验要求的拟南芥植株.此外还介绍了播种、浇水、生育期调节、种子保存、病虫害防治和防混杂等环节的一些技巧措施.与其他培养方法相比,此法不仅简便、效果好,而且适合较简易的培养条件.     

拟南芥室内培养技术

本文报道了室内培养拟南芥的一些简便易行的改进技术。采用我们改进的营养土、蛭石、素沙混合培养介质和直播方式培养拟南芥, 并根据其生物学特性在温度、空气湿度、土壤水分和光照等方面给予适当管理,能培养出生长更健壮、更好地满足实验要求的拟南芥植株。此外还介绍了播种、浇水、生育期调节、种子保存、病虫害防治和防混杂等环节的一些技巧措施。与其他培养方法相比,此法不仅简便、效果好,而且适合较简易的培养条件。     

一种适于营养胁迫研究的拟南芥水培方法

水培法可通过更换营养液来控制根际营养成分,成为植物营养学研究的最佳培养方式。由于根际通气和微生物滋生等问题,拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的水培技术始终无法被广泛应用。该文利用Eppendorf离心管管盖和离心管盒,将拟南芥种子在琼脂上萌发和植株水培有机结合,通过控制营养液用量和液体深度,增加营养液表面积,解决了水培过程中根系通气问题。利用离心管管盖作为支撑材料,降低了琼脂水分蒸发,并减少琼脂的用量和厚度,从而实现琼脂和营养液的快速平衡,为拟南芥培养和营养胁迫研究提供了一个简单且经济的水培方法。     

A Simple Hydroponic Culture Method for the Development of a Highly Viable Root System in Arabidopsis thaliana

In the studies of nutritional absorption and metal toxicity in the root, it is important to grow plants without technical damage. We established a simple hydroponic culture system for Arabidopsis thaliana to obtain a healthy plant having a well-developed root system with many lateral roots. The phytotoxic effects of Cr, Cu, and Al ions were examined by FDA-PI staining using this culture system. The pattern of root inhibition varied with the ion, suggesting the usefulness of this culture system.     

Effects of Aluminum and pH on Root Growth and Cell Viability in Arabidopsis thaliana Strain Landsberg in Hydroponic Culture

Responses to aluminum and pH of root elongation in Arabidopsisthaliana strain Landsberg in hydroponic culture were examined.Incubation at pH 4.8 or addition of 1 µM A1C1₃ at pH 5.0severely inhibited elongation. However, there were differencesbetween treatments in the stainability of cells with fluoresceindiacetate and propidium iodide. (Received August 19, 1994; Accepted November 15, 1994)     

A Method for Analysis of Meiosis in Anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana

A simple method for analysis of meiosis in anthers of Arabidopsisthaliana is described. Anthers showing a high frequency of microsporocytesundergoing meiotic divisions were obtained from buds of 18–20-d-oldplants at the rosette stage of growth just prior to bolting.All stages of meiosis were readily observed. Arabidopsis thaliana var. Landsberg erecta, meiosis, chromosomes, anthers     

Direct gene transfer to protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana

We performed a series of direct gene transfer experiments with protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Zürich. An average of more than 100 transformants were selected per 10⁶6 treated protoplasts. Stable transformation was confirmed by integration of the marker gene into high molecular weight DNA and by its genetic transmission to subsequent offspring generations.Abbreviations ATF absolute transformation frequency - PEG polyethyleneglycol - hpt hygromycin phosphotransferase gene - CTAB N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium bromide - MES 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid     

A Direct Screening Procedure for Gravitropism Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

In order to isolate gravitropism mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. var Estland for the genetic dissection of the gravitropism pathway, a direct screening procedure has been developed in which mutants are selected on the basis of their gravitropic response. Variability in hypocotyl curvature was dependent on the germination time of each seed stock, resulting in the incorrect identification of several lines as gravitropism mutants when a standard protocol for the potentiation of germination was used. When the protocol was adjusted to allow for differences in germination time, these lines were eliminated from the collection. Out of the 60,000 M2 seedlings screened, 0.3 to 0.4% exhibited altered gravitropism. In approximately 40% of these mutant lines, only gravitropism by the root or the hypocotyl was altered, while the response of the other organ was unaffected. These data support the hypothesis that root and hypocotyl gravitropism are genetically separable.