Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genusCercospora and allied genera I. Collections from Nansei-Islands (1)

In the first report of the present series, six species collected from Nansei Islands were discussed. Of these, one found onElaeocarpus japonica was described as a new species,Pseudocercospora elaeocarpicola. Pseudocercospora plumeriae onPlumeria rubra was transferred from the genusCercospora and added to the Japanese fungous flora, together withCercosporidium bougainvilleae onBougainvillea spectabilis. One of the three remaining species,Pseudcercospora punicae onPunica granatum was newly recorded from Nansei Islands. On the other two species, namelyP. circumscissa andP. fukuokaensis, some additional notes concerning distribution and host range were described.     

A quantitative morphological classification of thirty species of cercospora

Twenty morphological characters of thirty species ofCercospora, collected in the Sudan, were used for a quantitative numerical classification. This revealed, 80% overall similarity betweenC. arisaemae onAbutilon sp. andC. gossypina onGossypium hirsutum, 75% overall similarity betweenC. cucurbitae onCucumis sativus andC. sesami onSesamum orientale and 75% overall similarity betweenC. gomphrenae onGomphrena globosa andC. coffeicola onCoffea robusta.This high level of morphological similarity suggests that these species may be conspecific and may cross — infect their respective hosts. Other species seemed to be fairly distinct.Formed part of M. Sc. Thesis submitted to Khartoum University.     

Studies on Indian Laboulbeniales IV: Three species ofLaboulbenia

Three rare species ofLaboulbenia are described here from India. These areL. camponoti onCamponotus sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae),L. cristata onPaederus sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) andL. idiostoma onAltica sp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).     

Taxonomic identity of caricicolousPuccinia host-alternating onPetasites in Japan

Uredinial-telialPuccinia fungi onCarex shimizuensis in Nagano Pref. and onC. dimorpholepis in Ibaraki Pref. were proven to host-alternate onPetasites japonicus by field observations and inoculation experiments. These fungi from the two localities were morphologically similar and were compared with three describedPuccinia species that host-alternate betwenCarex species andP. japonicus in Japan, i.e.,P. caricis-petasitidis, P. caricis-flabellatae andP. caricis-podogynae. The three previously described species and the newly foundPuccinia fungi were morphologically indistinguishable at all stages of the life cycle; therefore, it was concluded that three species and the two newly found fungi are taxonomically identical, in whichP. caricis-petasitidis has nomenclatural priority.     

Drei neue moosbewohnende Ascomyceten

The following three species of parastiticascomycetes are described, illustrated and discussed in detail:Octosporella ptilidii spec. nova (Pezizales) onPtilidium ciliare from Switzerland,Nectria mnii spec. nova (Hypocreales) onPlagiomnium medium from Switzerland, andPhilobryon anuliferum gen. et spec. nov. (Dothideales) onPleurozia gigantea from New Guinea. The species are known only from the type collections. It is shown that the hyphae present an array of important characters which deserve the same attention as the fruiting bodies.

Frau Prof. Dr.Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Analysis of the distribution of epiphytic lichens within homogeneousFagus sylvatica stands along an altitudinal gradient (Mount Olympos,Greece)

Epiphytic lichen vegetation onFagus sylvatica sas studied in 4 sites along an altitudinal gradient from 930 to 1500 m on SE facing slopes of Mount Olympos (Greece). The crucial factor determining the spatial heterogeneity of epiphytic lichens onF. sylvatica is the altitude and not the height on the trunk at which lichen community is established. 17 out of 26 taxa are confined to a particular elevation range, while another three are clearly ubiquitous in their distribution. The number of lichen species at breast height is higher than at the base of the trunks. The results were compared with those gathered earlier in an analogous study on the vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens onPinus nigra along an altitudinal gradient from 750 to 1510 m of the same mountain. Comparison suggests that spatial heterogeneity of epiphytic lichens onF. sylvatica is different from the one onP. nigra.     

Aplopsora corni sp. nov. onCornus controversa from Hokkaido,Japan

Aplopsora corni sp. nov. is proposed for a rust fungus whose uredinial and basidial stage occurs onCornus controversa (Cornaceae) in Hokkaido. This new species is separated by its larger urediniospores and probasidia from the morphologically closely relatedA. nyssae onNyssa aquatica andN. sylvatica (Cornaceae) distributed in southern North America.     

Parasitism ofAzotobacter andRhizobium species byBdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Attempts to isolate, from soil, strains ofBdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitic on variousAzotobacter andRhizobium species were not successful. However, a strain ofBdellovibrio bacteriovorus isolated from soil as a parasite ofEscherichia coli was shown to produce plaques onAzotobacter chroococcum as well but not onAzotobacter vinelandii or variousRhizobium species.The nutritive conditions required for thisBdellovibrio strain to yield discrete countable plaques onAzotobacter chroococcum plates were examined, and it was proposed thatAzotobacter slime be used as a preservative agent for the maintenance ofBdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains in frozen culture.This research was authorized for publication as paper No. 3309 in the journal series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, on October 3, 1967.     

Food preferences and nematode parasitism in mycophagousDrosophila

Food preferences and nematode parasitism were studied in natural populations of mycophagousDrosophila in and near Sapporo, northern Japan. Species which preferred fresh mushrooms showed species-specific responses toPleurotus mushrooms:D. pirka bred only onPleurotus cornucopiae, D. trivitata onP. cornucopiae andP. ostreatus, D. trilineata on these twoPleurotus mushrooms and some other mushrooms, whileD. sexvittata bred on a wide variety of mushrooms but seldom onPleurotus mushrooms. Species which preferred decayed mushrooms (D. quadrivittata, D. histrioides, D. testacea and species of thequinaria species-group) showed host preferences different from those of the above species. The rate of parasitism by nematodes was generally higher in species which prefer decayed mushrooms than in species which prefer fresh mushrooms. Among species which prefer fresh mushrooms, onlyD. trilineata was parasitized frequently by nematodes. It was not clear what factors determine the rate of parasitism in these mycophagousDrosophila. D. pirka, D. trivittata andD. trilineata passed through three or four generations per year and entered reproductive diapause in early September in and near Sapporo. Bionomics of Drosophilidae (Diptera) in Hokkaido, IX.     

Additions to the fungi of Jabalpur. (Madhya Pradesh) - I

Summary The present paper describes eight Foliicolous Fungi imperfecti from Jabalpur (India). These include four new species viz.Ramularia alangii Hasija onAlangium lamarckii, Colletotrichum holopteleae Hasija onHoloptelea integrifolia, Gloeosporium wendlandiae Hasija onWendlandia exserta andPhyllosticta macropycnidiai Hasija onSolanum melongena. Discosia artocreas Tode exFr. onTerminalia sp. is a new fungus record for the country raising the total number ofDiscosia from India to five.Heteropogon contortus forCurvularia lunata (Wakker)Boed. andBarleria priniotes forCercospora barlericola Payak &Thirum. are new hosts record from India, andCercospora tridacis-procumbentis Govindu &Thirum. onTridax procumbens is a new record for the state.     

Cytogenetic and genomic relationships ofThinopyrum elongatum with twoPsathyrostachys species and withLeymus secalinus (Poaceae)

Intergeneric hybridizations were made betweenT. elongatum, and twoPsathyrostachys and fiveLeymus species. The seed set obtained onT. elongatum ×Leymus hybrids ranged from 5.65% to 20.00%, depending onLeymus species. The seed set obtained onT. elongatum ×Psathyrostachys hybrids ranged from 16.07% to 19.70%. Meiotic pairing at metaphase-I in JN diploid hybrids ofT. elongatum ×Psathyrostachys species revealed a very low level homology between the basic J and N genomes, and further demonstrated that the two genomes are quite diverged. Chromosome pairing in theT. elongatum ×Leymus secalinus hybrid averaged 15.19 univalents + 2.62 rod bivalents + 0.26 ring bivalents + 0.02 trivalents, suggesting that the partial J^e chromosomes ofT. elongatum has homology withLeymus secalinus genomes.L. secalinus might have 3–4 chromosomes originating from J^e genome.     

Five new species of the nanoflagellatePirsonia in the German Bight,North Sea,feeding on planktic diatoms

The structure, development, and host range of five newly detected species of the phagotrophic nanoflagellatePirsonia are described. They feed on planktic diatoms common in the North Sea:P. verrucosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia delicatula), P. formosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia setigera), P. diadema sp. nov. (onCoscinodiscus granii andC. wailesii), P. eucampiae (onEucampia zodiacus) andP. mucosa sp. nov. (onRhizosolenia shrubsolei). The occurrence of resting cysts inPirsonia guinardiae is reported. The impact ofPirsonia on phytoplankton communities is discussed.     

New species of Alternaria from Marathwada (India)

Summary The paper deals with two new species ofAlternaria, Alternaria nyctanthi onNyctanthes arbortristis Linn. andAlternaria tropaeoli onTropaeolum majus L.     

Two new species of Patellaria from India

Summary The paper deals with two new species ofPatellaria i.e.,Patellaria lantanae sp. nov. onLantana camara L. andPatellaria ipomoeae sp. nov. onIpomoea sp.Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. andAcacia arabica Willd. constitute new host records for the above species.     

The production of floral oils byMonttea (Scrophulariaceae) and the function of tarsal pads inCentris bees

Plant species that secrete oil as their primary floral reward are rare and sporadically found in the angiosperms. We report here thatMonttea, a genus previously unsuspected of being an oil-plant, produces lipids from trichome elaiophores on the inside of the lower (anterior) lip. The discovery of the production of oils by species of this S. American genus explains the occurrence of unusual dual-function collecting structures in ArgentineCentris (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) and explains the presence of oil-collecting bees in regions where oil-secreting flowers were previously thought to be absent. The behavior of these centridine pollinators onMonttea flowers parallels that of oil-collecting bees onDiascia (Scrophulariaceae) in S. Africa.     

Three species of rust fungi (Uredinales) from Okinawa,Japan

Three species of rust fungi were reported based on the specimens collected in the islands of the Yaeyama group and Okinawa, Japan.Puccinia tarennicola onTarenna gracilipes andUredo daphniphylli onDaphniphyllum teijsmannii were described as new species.Villebrunea frutescens was added to the host plants ofUredo pipturi. Contribution No. 115, Laboratories of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

A re-evaluation of the Abutilothamnus complex (Malvaceae) I. Two new species and two new genera,Sidasodes and Akrosida

A revision of certain generic boundaries within the tribe Malveae is made. A new genus,Sidasodes, is described with two species, one of which is new,Sidasodes colombiana.Akrosida is segregated as a new genus, based onBastardia macrophylla. The new realignment also recognizesTetrasida as a distinct genus, and describes as newTetrasida serrulata. New combinations includeSidasodes jamesonii (based onSida jamesonii),Akrosida macrophylla (based onBastardia macrophylla), andTetrasida chachapoyensis (based onSida chachapoyensis)     

A new rust species ofRoestelia onSorbus collected in China

A rust species ofRoestelia onSorbus collected in China is newly described asR. echinulata. This species is morphologically different from the otherRoestelia spp. and aecial stages ofGymnosporangium species in surface structures of aeciospores and peridial cells. Contribution No. 141, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba.     

Alternaria on cruciferous plants. 4.Alternaria species on seed of some cruciferous crops and their pathogenicity

The incidence ofAlternaria spp. on seed samples of cruciferous vegetable crops was surveyed between 1990 and 1992. Some commercial seed lots of crucifers which are commonly grown in Japan were infested withAlternaria species. ThreeAlternaria species were encountered on the seed samples ofBrassica campestris, B. orelacea, andRaphanus sativus. The most frequently detected species wereA. japonica andA. alternata onB. campestris, A. brassicicola onB. oleracea, andA. japonica andA. alternata onR. sativus, respectively.Alternaria brassicae was not detected in this study.Alternaria brassicicola isolates from these crops produced necrotic lesions on all of the crucifer seedlings inoculated, whileA. japonica induced different reactions in different plants or plant parts depending on isolates used in inoculation tests. In contrast, most isolates ofA. alternata could not produce necrotic lesions on foliage leaves of crucifers inoculated, although some of them produced clear lesions only on cotyledons.Alternaria alternata associated with these cruciferous crop seeds was considered to be an oppotunistic parasite of these crops.     

Fungi causing plant diseases at jabalpur (M.P.). VIII

Summary This paper describes five foliicolous fungi imperfecti from Jabalpur in India. It includesPhyllosticta hasijai Agarwal on leaves ofAcacia melanoxylon R. Br. andCercospora anisochilicola Agarwal onAnisochilus eriocephalus, two new species,C. jasminicola Mueller &Chupp onJasminum sp. andC. achyranthina Thirum. &Chupp onAchyranthes aspera L., two new records for the state, andPestalotiopsis glandicola (Cast.)Steyaert onCassia tora L., a new addition to the fungus flora of India.