阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型建立

目的建立阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型。方法甲硝唑溶液（浓度为12．5mg／mL）30μL注入小鼠阴道内,1次／d,连续5d,白假丝酵母菌菌液（1×10^8CFU／mL）30μL接种到小鼠阴道内,1次／d,连用5d。取阴道冲洗液进行阴道菌群分析,并做阴道组织标本电镜观察。结果模型组小鼠阴道内白假丝酵母菌活菌数显著增加,乳杆菌活菌数量显著下降（P〈0．01）,出现阴道红肿、分泌物多和黏膜充血等白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的典型症状。结论通过抗生素脱污染后,小鼠阴道内接种白假丝酵母菌,能在小鼠阴道内定植,成功建立阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖的小鼠模型。     

乳杆菌优良菌株的筛选及对小鼠阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖干预

目的探讨乳杆菌优良菌株的筛选及其对小鼠阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖干预作用。方法对德氏乳杆菌DM8909菌株进行诱变筛选,得到耐抗生素突变株208,以ICR小鼠为实验对象,用甲硝唑进行小鼠阴道菌群脱污染,将白假丝酵母菌接种到小鼠阴道内,构建小鼠阴道白假丝酵母菌过度增殖模型。采用阴道接种德氏乳杆菌DM8909突变株208菌液（2×108CFU/mL）处理,取其阴道冲洗液进行阴道菌群分析,并进行阴道上皮细胞的电镜检查。结果乳杆菌干预后显著清除阴道内的假丝酵母菌,肠杆菌恢复正常水平,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论德氏乳杆菌DM8909抗性菌株208能调整白假丝酵母菌在小鼠阴道内定植,对小鼠阴道上皮细胞有恢复作用。     

乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎患者口腔中白假丝酵母菌的抑制

目的从调整口腔菌群平衡的角度出发,观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对义齿性口炎患者口腔菌群的影响。方法（1）体外试验：配制不同浓度乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分的沙包液体培养基,分别接种10^8CFU／ml白假丝酵母菌菌液,用CFU活菌记数法计数。（2）临床试验：符合义齿性口炎病例40例,随机分为试验组20例和对照组20例（阴性对照组和阳性对照组各10例）。分别给予乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分、纯净水、洗必泰含漱液。观察菌群变化。结果（1）体外试验：乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分在浓度为1．6、0．8和0．4mg／ml时对白假丝酵母菌的抑制作用分别为100％、98．11％和62．72％。（2）临床试验：试验组在治疗后口腔黏膜白假丝酵母菌数量明显降低,口腔链球菌数量升高,较治疗前差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）;停药后第21天较治疗7d差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论乳杆菌DM9811代谢产物脂肪酸组分对口腔白假丝酵母菌有明显的抑杀作用;对口腔链球菌有促进作用,可能有调整口腔菌群平衡的作用。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病疗效观察

目的探讨乳杆菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病疗效观察。方法选取妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者70例,采用随机数字表将纳入患者分为观察组35例和对照组35例。观察组患者予以乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合制菌素阴道栓治疗,对照组予以单纯的制菌素阴道栓治疗,均连用10d。两组患者停药2周后进行临床疗效观察,并比较治疗后随访3个月的复发率。结果治疗后停药2周,观察组患者的临床总有效率（91．43％）明显优于对照组（71．43％）（χ2=4．63,P〈0．05）;治疗后随访观察3个月,对照组复发11例（44．00％）,观察组复发5例（15．63％）,观察组患者复发率明显低于对照组（χ2=5．60,P〈0．05）。结论乳杆菌活菌胶囊辅助治疗妊娠期外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病疗效好,复发率低,对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病具有治疗和预防复发的双重功效。     

阴道用乳杆菌活菌在治疗重度外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病和预防其复发中的作用

目的初步探讨阴道用乳杆菌活菌联合抗真菌药物在治疗重度外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）和预防其复发中的临床作用。方法选取2012年1月至2012年12月就诊于柳州市人民医院确诊为重度VVC的患者共118例,随机分为研究组59例,对照组59例,对照组于第1、第4天阴道放克霉唑阴道片0．5g,联合口服伊曲康唑胶囊0．2g,qd,连用7d;研究组上述治疗后阴道继续放阴道用乳杆菌活菌0．25g,qn,连用14d;分别于停药后7～14d、28～35d及2个月复查,观察近期、远期疗效及是否有复发。结果停药后7～14d,研究组有效率为91．53％,对照组效率为86．44％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;停药后28—35d,研究组有效率为98．21％,对照组效率为87．75％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2个月后随访,研究组复发率为O％,对照组为10．53％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论重度VVC在抗真菌治疗后给予阴道放乳杆菌活菌可提高远期疗效,减少复发。     

乳杆菌制剂和(或)达克宁治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的疗效比较

目的探讨乳杆菌制剂治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的疗效。方法将2006年5月至7月在温州医学院附属二院确诊为VVC的患者分为3组,单纯使用达克宁栓者(A组)40例,联合使用达克宁栓及定君生阴道栓者(B组)40例,单纯使用定君生者40例(C组),进行对照。对3组的临床症状及真菌学检查结果进行分析讨论。结果停药3~5 d时,A、B组患者的疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05),C组患者的疗效明显低于A、B两组(P<0.05);停药30~37 d时,A、C组患者的疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05),B组患者的疗效明显高于A、C两组(P<0.05)。结论在应用阴道用乳杆菌治疗VVC时,应首先应用抗真菌药物,当真菌感染得以控制之后再使用乳杆菌,帮助恢复阴道内菌群环境。     

定君生治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的临床疗效及复发率比较

目的探讨定君生治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌的临床疗效及复发情况。方法将86例外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者随机分为对照组（n=43）和治疗组（n=43）,对照组阴道塞入克霉唑栓,治疗组在对照组的基础上阴道塞入定君生胶囊,连续应用10d。对两组临床疗效及复发率进行分析。结果用药第5天,治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组（83．72％VS65．12％,P〈0．05）;用药第10天,两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（95．35％VB90．70％,P〉0．05）;经治疗后,两组患者用药第5天和用药第10天其临床症状评分均显著下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组用药第5天临床症状评分显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组复发率显著低于对照组（9．30％VS27．91％,P〈0．05）。结论治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病时,定君生联合克霉唑栓较单用克霉唑栓临床疗效果好,且能有效降低复发率。     

乳杆菌制剂在不同阴道炎治疗中的作用分析

目的探讨微生态疗法在女性不同阴道炎症治疗中的临床价值,为临床使用微生态制剂治疗阴道炎症,提供新的方法和理论基础。方法以2013年3月至2013年8月在沈阳医学院附属第二医院妇科门诊就诊的阴道炎患者共计892例,作为研究对象,在治疗上采取抗（真）菌药＋乳杆菌制剂,比较各组的治疗效果（7d及14d治愈率）。结果治疗效果比较（7d和14d治愈率）：单纯外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）：分别为91．34％和99．10％,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义;单纯细菌性阴道病（BV）：分别为98．50％和100％,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;单纯滴虫性阴道炎（TV）：分别为98．41％和100％,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;混合感染：分别为88．12％和99．01％,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。结论乳杆菌制剂配合抗（真）菌药在治疗不同阴道炎中的效果不同,疗程不同。     

抗生素诱导小鼠阴道菌群失衡及乳杆菌调节作用的研究

目的 构建抗生素诱导的小鼠阴道菌群失衡模型,并研究乳杆菌对假丝酵母菌的阴道菌群失调的调整作用.方法 以IRC小鼠为实验对象,用头孢曲松造成阴道菌群失调,并将白假丝酵母接种到小鼠阴道内,造成小鼠阴道白假丝酵母过度增殖模型.对抗生素作用后的小鼠,采用乳杆菌预防、同步、治疗3种方式,阴道接种德氏乳杆菌DM8909菌液(2×108CFU/ml);取其阴道分泌物进行假丝酵母菌及乳杆菌的阴道菌群分析,并同时进行分泌物镜检,取阴道组织标本做病理组织学检查.结果 模型组小鼠阴道内细菌总数显著下降(P<0.01),出现阴道红肿、分泌物涂片镜检查到白细胞及假丝酵母.乳杆菌对小鼠抗生素导致的阴道菌群失衡的调节作用明显,受损小鼠阴道菌群的多样性和数量恢复至正常(P>0.05),其中乳杆菌预防组阴道菌群破坏程度最小(P<0.01);乳杆菌干预后的小鼠都可以显著性清除阴道内的假丝酵母菌(P<0.01),以乳杆菌预防组效果最好.结论 德氏乳杆菌DM8909能阻止白假丝酵母对阴道上皮的黏附作用,能调整阴道的菌群,对阴道黏膜有一定的修复功能.     

大黄素对白假丝酵母菌抑菌作用的体外实验研究

目的研究大黄素对白假丝酵母菌的活性及其产生的生物膜的抑菌作用。方法将滴有不同浓度的大黄素药液的滤纸片放在长有白假丝酵母菌的固体培养基上,观察抑菌效果的区别。在体外建立白假丝酵母菌生物膜模型,用浓度为2.500、1.250、0.625、0.312和0.165mg/mL的大黄素溶液分别作用于已建立好的白假丝酵母菌生物膜模型,观察5个浓度的大黄素对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌效果。利用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察各个浓度下的生物膜。结果随着大黄素浓度的增加,抑菌环直径增大,抑菌率升高。CLSM观察:大黄素作用于白假丝酵母菌生物膜,使生物膜活性降低。结论大黄素对白假丝酵母菌及其生物膜有抑制作用。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418