白芸豆球蛋白的提取及其氨基酸组成研究

本文研究了白芸豆球蛋白的提取工艺、分子量和氨基酸组成。结果表明,白芸豆球蛋白最佳提取工艺为NaCl浓度2.5 g/100 mL,料液比1∶22(g/mL),提取温度55℃,提取时间5 h,在此条件下的球蛋白提取率为31.46%;用60%的硫酸铵,在4℃下盐析1 h,球蛋白的盐析得率为73.55%;球蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱中有6条蛋白亚基条带,其相对分子质量分别为97.52、47.35、33.84、29.62、26.28和21.99 ku,其中有5条与白芸豆分离蛋白的亚基条带相吻合;球蛋白的氨基酸组成种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量接近FAO/WHO推荐模式,是一种优质植物蛋白质资源。     

白芸豆球蛋白的提取及其氨基酸组成研究北大核心CSCD

本文研究了白芸豆球蛋白的提取工艺、分子量和氨基酸组成。结果表明,白芸豆球蛋白最佳提取工艺为NaCl浓度2.5 g/100 mL,料液比1∶22(g/mL),提取温度55℃,提取时间5 h,在此条件下的球蛋白提取率为31.46%;用60%的硫酸铵,在4℃下盐析1 h,球蛋白的盐析得率为73.55%;球蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱中有6条蛋白亚基条带,其相对分子质量分别为97.52、47.35、33.84、29.62、26.28和21.99 ku,其中有5条与白芸豆分离蛋白的亚基条带相吻合;球蛋白的氨基酸组成种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量接近FAO/WHO推荐模式,是一种优质植物蛋白质资源。     

丁氏双鳍电鳐电器官烟碱样胆碱能受体的分离提纯

本文用湖南眼镜蛇神经毒素为配基偶联的AH-Sepharose 4B毒素型亲和凝胶从国产丁氏双鳍电鳐电器官中提纯了烟碱样胆碱能受体(N-ChR)。提纯123倍,产率5.4%,比结合力5.411nmole毒素结合部位/mg受体蛋白,每毫升湿胶可制备受体蛋白0.037毫克。AH-Sepharose 4B的亲和分离效能与CN-Sepharose 4B无明显差别。用AH-Sepharose 4B毒素型亲和凝胶提纯的N-ChR经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示单一蛋白区带。SDS凝胶电泳主要显示四个亚基,分子量分别为4.1、4.7、5.6及6.7万道尔顿。丁氏双鳍电鳐电器官N-ChR与其他种属电鱼电器官N-ChR的亚基近似。     

一株芽孢杆菌胞外多糖的分离纯化及其抗氧化性测定

基于实验室从新疆罗布泊沙漠筛选到一株芽孢杆菌, 研究了该菌胞外多糖的分离纯化工艺及其抗氧化性质。发酵液经离心, 抽滤等预处理后, 使用Sevag试剂除蛋白, 并以无水乙醇作提取溶剂, 通过正交实验确定最佳提取条件为: pH为7.0, 温度为4°C, 时间为1.5 h, 料液比为1:4。粗多糖溶解后上活性炭柱(1.5 cm ′ 24 cm), 用蒸馏水、60%乙醇及95%乙醇洗脱, 分离得到主要部分, 再经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱, 用0.2 mol/L的NaCl溶液洗脱, 硫酸苯酚法和考马斯亮蓝     

半夏凝集素的分离纯化和在植物中的分布

从半夏(Pinellia ternata)块根中,经95％硫酸铵沉淀和固定化猪甲状腺球蛋白柱亲和层析分离得到一种凝集素,称为半夏凝集素(PTL)。凝胶过滤、SDS-PAGE和免疫双扩散鉴定PTL是均一的样品,分子量约44kD,由四个约12kD的亚基组成。PTL主要存在于半夏的块茎中,茎中也有少量存在。     

蚕豆蛋白质亚基分析与特异种质鉴定

采用SDS-PAGE方法,对112份不同基因型蚕豆的清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的差异性进行分析。结果显示:(1)蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的有效等位变异分别为1.750 0±0.452 3、1.545 5±0.522 2,多态性比率分别为75.00%、54.55%,清蛋白的亚基遗传多样性指数较球蛋白亚基高。(2)蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白分别含有在不同基因型蚕豆中构成不同的12和10个亚基,其中清蛋白含有9个基本亚基,116kD、96kD、45kD为清蛋白的3个特异亚基;球蛋白含有8个基本亚基,58kD、35kD为球蛋白的2个特异亚基;研究共鉴定筛选出42个含有清蛋白特异亚基和21个含有球蛋白亚基的种质资源。(3)清蛋白的97kD、63kD基本亚基和球蛋白的97kD、56kD、47kD基本亚基存在一定的缺失现象,共鉴定出19个清蛋白亚基和21个球蛋白亚基缺失的优异种质。研究表明,蚕豆清蛋白和球蛋白亚基构成在不同种质之间具有差异性,除基本亚基外,部分种质还含有特异亚基或缺失亚基。     

莲子Fe-SOD的提取及其耐高温能力的初探

通过对莲子中超氧化物歧化酶(Super Oxide Dimutase,SOD)进行分离提纯,证实其是Fe-SOD,并观察Fe-SOD的耐热性,为SOD的提取和应用开辟了新的思路【。方法】以热变性与有机溶剂沉淀联合法分离提纯莲子Fe-SOD;利用Fe-SOD活性受H2O2的抑制而不受氰化物的抑制的特性来鉴定;设置不同的温度观察提取额莲子SOD的耐热性。【结果】莲子提取酶液活性为90.522U/ml,SOD酶液对邻苯三酚自氧化的抑制率为96.3%。莲子SOD活性受H2O2的抑制而不受氰化物的抑制。在75℃时保温30min后,酶活力仍然保留60%以上,在100℃保温30min时酶活力保留35%。【结论】以热变性与有机溶剂沉淀联合法分离提纯莲子SOD并鉴定其为耐热性Fe-SOD。     

巧用DNA凝胶回收柱提纯种子RNA

禾谷作物种子中含有大量淀粉,由于多糖与RNA溶解性非常相似,所以很难提取和纯化其中的RNA。介绍一种用DNA凝胶回收柱快速、高效提纯富含多糖种子的RNA提纯方法．     

BamHI DNA甲基化酶的提纯及物理化学性质

 通过硫酸铵盐析,DEAE-纤维素柱层析,磷酸纤维素亲和层析及SephadexG-100凝胶过滤法,从噬淀粉芽孢杆菌HI(Bacillus amyloliguefaciens HI)提纯了DNA甲基化酶。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检查,已达电泳均一,比活力提高了326倍。并用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤法测得其天然酶的分子量为273000,又用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得它的亚基分子量为34500,故该酶有8个分子量相同的亚基。用凝胶电聚焦法测得其pI_(22 c)=9.0。     

一种小麦高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的提取方法

用7.5%的异丙醇和0.3 mol/L的NaI去除醇溶蛋白和其他单体蛋白, 以二硫苏糖醇(DTT)为强还原剂, 以4-乙烯基吡啶 (VP)保护巯基, 防止其重新氧化。在25%的异丙醇和0.04 mol/L的Tris-HCl (pH=8.0)缓冲液中提取小麦总麦谷蛋白亚基、在4%浓缩胶和13%分离胶的不连续分离体系中进行SDS-PAGE电泳, 结果表明, 该方法不仅能有效去除醇溶蛋白和其他蛋白对麦谷蛋白亚基电泳的影响, 且高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW-GS) 和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (LMW-GS)的提取分离一步完成, 更重要的是, 利用该方法提取出的HMW-GS和LMW-GS在电泳分析中, 具有高的分辨率, 可以有效区分各电泳谱带, 为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Unusual denaturation properties of vicilin from Cajanus cajan

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) vicilin (Mr 190 kD) holoprotein contains 2 subunits and the N-terminal amino acid sequence is Gly-Ala-Arg-Val-Asp-Gln-Glu for purified vicilin subunit 1 (Mr 72 kD) and Thr-Thr-Cys-Met-Glu-Ser-Gly for purified vicilin subunit 2 (Mr 57 kD). Circular dichroism spectra of vicilin indicate the occurrence of a predominant beta- pleated sheet structure. The fluorescence studies of vicilin reveal its unusual stability to 8 M urea and 6 M guanidine HCl.     

Purification and characterization of high salt-soluble vicilin from mung bean (Vigna radiata)

We report a method for the purification of vicilin from mung bean (Vigna radiata) mainly on the basis of solubility of mung bean vicilin even in high salt. Mung bean vicilin remains in solution even after 90% relative saturation of ammonium sulphate. The resulting supernatant after dialysis was subjected to gel filtration (Sephadex G-150) to remove other contaminant polypeptides, and finally the protein was purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. This purified fraction exhibited 3 bands on SDS-PAGE compared with vicilin from other legumes which exhibite more than 3 bands generally. The results raise the possibility that the presence of the two small polypeptides in vicilin preparations is the breakdown product of the major larger one of mol.wt. 52 K and that vicilin may be a tetramer of four subunits of Mr 52000. That the high salt-soluble protein containing 52 K subunit is vicilin has been determined by several criteria.     

Isolation and characterization of the receptor on human neutrophils that mediates cellular adherence

The receptor on human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes or PMN) that mediates cellular adherence has been purified from the peripheral blood PMN obtained from an individual with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This receptor consists of two noncovalently associated subunits, designated alpha M (Mac-1 alpha, CD11b) (Mr = 170,000) and beta (Mac-1 beta, CDw18) (Mr = 100,000), respectively, which are identical on normal and CML PMN. The subunits were purified by monoclonal antibody 60.1-Sepharose (anti-alpha M) affinity chromatography and separated in 5-nmol quantities by high pressure liquid chromatography on a TSK-4000 gel filtration column. Subunits were characterized by amino acid composition, NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, and carbohydrate content. The NH2-terminal sequence of the human PMN alpha M subunit contains regions of homology with the human platelet glycoprotein IIb alpha. We conclude that nanomole amounts of individual alpha M and beta subunits of the receptor on human PMN that mediates cellular adherence can be isolated and separated using CML PMN.     

Phaseolus coccineus L. Storage Proteins. Extraction and Characterization

Phaseolus coccineus storage globulins were extracted from mature cotyledons, purified and characterized. Three major proteins were separated. A component showing erythroagglutinating activity was thoroughly purified by thyroglobulin-Sepharose chromatography. The relative molecular masses of the three fractions are Mr = 330, 178, and 500 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). They correspond to the proteins found in other systems and classified as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), vicilin and legumin, respectively. Electrophoretic analyses under denaturating conditions (SDS-PAGE) evidenced the major subunits for the three proteins. Isoelectrofocusing of the isolated proteins indicated a large heterogeneity for vicilin. Part I.     

Purification and characterization of isoforms of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase fromEucalyptus xylem

Two distinct isoforms of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD 1 and CAD 2, have been purified to homogeneity from xylem-enriched fractions ofEucalyptus gunii Hook and partially characterized. They differ greatly in terms of both physical and biochemical properties, and can be separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B. The native molecular weight of of CAD 1 is 38 kDa as determined by gel-filtration chromatography on Superose 6, and this isoform is likely to be a monomer since it yields a polypeptide of 35 kDa upon sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has a low substrate affinity for coniferyl andp-coumaryl alcohols and their corresponding aldehydes. No activity with sinapyl aldehyde and alcohol was detected. The more abundant isoform is CAD 2, which has a native molecular weight of 83 kDa and is a dinier composed of two subunits of slightly different molecular weights (42–43 kDa). These subunits show identical peptide patterns after digestion with N-chlorosuccinimide. The isoform, CAD 2, has a high substrate affinity for all the substrates tested. The two isoforms are immunologically distinct as polyclonal antibodies raised against CAD 2 do not cross-react with CAD 1. The characterization of two forms of CAD exhibiting such marked differences indicates their involvement in specific pathways of monolignol utilisation.Abbreviations CAD cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase - DTT dithiothreitol - NCS N chlorosuccinimide - SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis This work was supported by the European Economic Community project AGRE 0021 (OPLIGE) in the scope of the ECLAIR PROGRAMME. The authors whis to thank Drs. L. Davin and N. Lewis (Washington State University) for kindly providing synthesized substrates, Dr. Annie Boudet for excellent technical assistance, and Dr. M. Campbell for fruitful discussions (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France). We would also like to thank Dr. M. M. Cordonnier-Pratt and Dr. L. Pratt (University of Georgia, Athens, USA) for helpful advice and antibody production.     

Phosphorylase phosphatase complex from skeletal muscle. Activation of one of two catalytic subunits by manganese ions

Sarcoplasmic phosphorylase phosphatase extracted from ground skeletal muscle was recovered in a high molecular weight from (Mr = 250000). This enzyme has been purified from extracts by anion-exchange and gel chromatography to yield a preparation with three major protein components of Mr 83000, 72000, and 32000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The phosphorylase phosphatase activity of the complex form was activated more than 10-fold by Mn2+, with a K0.5 of 10(-5) M, but not by Mg2+ or Ca2+. Manganese activation occurred over a period of several minutes and resulted primarily in an increase in Vmax of a phosphatase that was sensitive to trypsin. Activation persisted after gel filtration, and the active form of the enzyme did not contain bound manganese measured by using 54Mn2+. A contaminating p-nitrophenylphosphatase was activated by either Mn2+ (K0.5 of 10(-4) M) or Mg2+ (K0.5 of 10(-3) M). Unlike the protein phosphatase this enzyme was inactive following removal of the metal ions by gel filtration. The phosphatase complex could be dissociated into its component subunits by precipitation with 50% acetone at 20 degrees C in the presence of an inert divalent cation, reducing agent, and bovine serum albumin. Two catalytic subunits were quantitatively recovered; one of Mr 83000 was a trypsin-sensitive manganese-activated phosphatase and the second of Mr 32000 was trypsin-stable and metal ion dependent. Both enzymes were effective in catalyzing the dephosphorylation of either phosphorylase a or the regulatory subunit of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase, but neither subunit possessed p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity.     

Isolation and partial amino acid sequence of three subunit species of porcine spleen ferritin: evidence of multiple H subunits

A partial amino acid sequence for three different subunits of the iron storage protein, ferritin, has been determined. Ferritin (Mr approximately 480,000) was isolated from porcine spleen and dissociated into its component subunits (Mr approximately 20,000). The subunits, in turn, were separated into three fractions by reversed-phase HPLC. The fractions appeared to be of equal size by sedimentation velocity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography in 6 M guanidinium chloride. All three fractions were shown to be monomeric and to have no covalently attached carbohydrate (J. F. Collawn et al. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 233, 260-266). Determination of the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal 70-80 residues from each of the fractions demonstrated three different sequences. Comparison with human liver H and L subunit sequences indicates that two of the porcine ferritin subunits are H-type subunits and one is an L-type subunit. Application of the Chou-Fasman algorithm on the three partial sequences suggests that these respective regions from each of the three subunits would probably adopt the same conformation.     

Methylamine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonase sp. J Isolation and properties of the subunits.

Two kinds of subunits, light subunit (Mr =1300) and heavy subunit (Mr=40 000), were isolated from a methylamine dehydrogenase (Mr=105 000) of Pseudomonas sp. J. The isolation of the subunits was carried out by gel chromatography after the enzyme had been treated with 3M guanidine-HCl. Coexistence of both of the subunit exhibited an absorption maximum only at 278 nm but in addition to the peak at 278 nm. The results indicate that the prosthetic group, assumed to be a derivative of pyridoxal, was bound to the light subunit. The spectral changes of the light subunit were observed by addition of methylamine. Various physical and biochemical parameters of the subunits are reported.     

水稻谷蛋白是类似于豆球蛋白的蛋白质

水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,它的蛋白质含量为5—14%。在水稻种子蛋白质中,谷蛋白占80%,球蛋白占10%,醇溶蛋白占5%,清蛋白占5%。据报道,水稻种子清蛋白主要由分子量16800的亚基组成,球蛋白由10种不同分子量的亚基通过疏水交互作用相结合,谷蛋白由分子量38000、25000和16000三种亚基通过双硫键相结合:但是,Yamagata(1982)和作者(1983、1984、1986)的研究表明:水稻种子谷蛋白主要由分子量     

The characterisation of vicilin during seed development in Vicia faba (L.)

Summary Vicilin and legumin were extracted from developing seeds at different stages using the classical method of repeated isoelectric precipitations. The subunits of these two protein fractions were separated by SDS gel electrophoresis, and it was shown that the sub-unit structure of vicilin changed during development whereas that of legumin did not. Thus vicilin is not a single protein.Vicilin was formed prior to legumin during seed development although the rate of synthesis of the latter was faster, so that in the mature seed the ratio of legumin to vicilin was about 4:1 by weight.