欧洲甜樱桃矮化砧木Rus-25的组织培养与植株再生

1植物名称欧洲甜樱桃(Cerasus avium)矮化砧木. 2材料类别茎尖或带腋芽并已木质化的茎段. 3培养条件(1)芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 0.6～0.8mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA 0.02～0.03;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.5(暗培养8 d).其中琼脂6.5 g·L-1,培养基(1)、(2)中含蔗糖30 g·L-1,(3)中20 g·L-1,pH 5.6～5.8.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度为2000～3000 lx,光照时间10～12 h·d-1.     

蓝麻黄的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称蓝麻黄(Ephedra glaoca). 2材料类别2000年11月下旬,从新疆托克逊县科委蓝麻黄人工种植实验地取蓝麻黄,连土移栽到大花盆中,放到温室中培养,以其新生幼枝条为外植体. 3培养条件(1)诱导愈伤组织培养基:MS NAA1.5 mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)愈伤组织继代培养基:MS KT 0.05 2,4-D 1.0;(3)诱导芽分化培养基:MS 6-BA 3 IAA 0.2;(4)诱导腋芽培养基:MS 6-BA 0.4.以上培养基均附加3%蔗糖、0.7%琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8.培养温度24～26℃,光照时间15 h·d-1,光照度2 000～3 000 lx.     

热带观赏水草--红玫瑰的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称红玫瑰皇冠(Echinodorus horemanii‘NRUBL'). 2材料类别腋芽(图1). 3培养条件(1)诱导休眠芽萌动培养基:MS 6-BA 2 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.5;(2)不定芽诱导和继代培养基:MS 6-BA 5 AD(adenine)10;(3)生根培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2 IBA 0.5.上述培养基均附加30 g·L-1蔗糖、4 g·L-1卡拉胶,pH 5.8.培养温度25～26℃,光照度2 000 lx,光照时间10 h·d-1.     

马来甜龙竹的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称马来甜龙竹(Dendrocalamushamiltonii). 2材料类型带腋芽的茎段. 3培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 5.0 mg.L-1(单位下同);增殖培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、7.0;生根培养基:(3)MS NAA 0.5、1.0、1.5,(4)1/2MS NAA 0.5、1.0、1.5.上述培养基均附加20 g·L-1白糖、5 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度25～28℃,诱导和增殖培养时光照度5001x,生根培养时前期光照度为500 lx,20 d后光照度为1 500 lx,光照12 h.d-1.     

荔枝胚性愈伤组织诱导和离体保存条件的筛选

对影响荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)胚性愈伤组织诱导的因素(防褐化剂种类、花期、荔枝品种以及外植体取材部位)进行了比较研究,并对其离体保存条件进行了筛选.结果表明,在愈伤组织诱导培养基(含2.0 mg·L-12,4-D、0.5 mg-L-1NAA、30 g·L-1蔗糖和6 g·L-1琼脂的MS培养基,pH 5.8)中添加防褐化剂水解乳蛋白(0.4g·L-1),可使花药胚性愈伤组织的诱导率达到20.51%;以茎段、叶柄和幼叶为外植体,不能诱导出胚性愈伤组织,而采用花药和幼果培养,可诱导出胚性愈伤组织.其中,第1期雄花花药是最适宜的培养材料,胚性愈伤组织的诱导率可达20.11%;荔枝不同品种间幼果的胚性愈伤组织诱导率存在差异,品种‘及第'的诱导率最低.在15℃条件下,将荔枝胚性愈伤组织保存在添加20 g·L-1甘露醇的保存培养基(含1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D、30 g·L-1蔗糖和6 g·L-1琼脂的MS培养基,pH 5.8)中,保存效果最佳,可将继代时间延至100 d.     

黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片不定芽诱导影响因素分析及再生体系建立

以黑莓(Rubus spp.)品种‘Arapaho’无菌苗叶片为外植体,通过正交和单因素实验分别研究了基本培养基类型、6-BA和1BA质量浓度以及暗培养时间、外植体的叶位和接种方式对不定芽诱导的影响,并研究了IBA质量浓度对不定芽生根的影响;在此基础上,初步建立了黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系.正交实验结果表明:基本培养基类型对叶片不定芽诱导率及平均不定芽数的影响最大,而IBA质量浓度对叶片不定芽诱导率及6-BA质量浓度对平均不定芽数的影响较小;适宜‘Arapaho’叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为含有2.0mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基.单因素实验结果表明:暗培养时间、外植体的叶位及接种方式对不定芽诱导率有显著影响;最适宜的暗培养时间为21 d;植株中、上部叶片的再生能力较强,其中第3和第4位叶的不定芽诱导效果最佳;叶面朝上接种更有利于不定芽的诱导.在含0.2 mg·L-1 IBA的MS培养基中,不定芽生根率达100.0％,且根数多、长势良好.黑莓品种‘Arapaho’离体叶片的再生体系为:以无菌苗的第3和第4位叶为外植体,经过适当修剪后叶面朝上接种于含有2.0 mg·L-16-BA和1.0 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上,暗培养21 d后置于光照条件下培养30 d;将不定芽转接到含有0.5 mg·L-16-BA和0.3mg·L-1 NAA的MS培养基上进行继代培养;当不定芽高约2 cm时转接到含有0.2 mg·L-1IBA的MS培养基上进行生根培养,最终获得完整植株.     

鹅掌柴的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称鹅掌柴(Schefflera octophylla). 2材料类别带腋芽的茎段. 3培养条件 (1)诱导丛生芽培养基:MS 6-BA0.5mg·L-1(单位下同) KT 2.0;(2)不定芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 1.5 NAA 0.5;(3)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 0.2 0.3%活性炭.以上培养基各加琼脂7 g·L-1、蔗糖30 g·L-1,pH 5.6～5.8.光照度2 000～2 500 lx,培养温度25℃,光照12h·d-1.     

木锉芦荟愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

1 植物名称木锉芦荟(Aloe humilis). 2 材料类别幼嫩叶片,带腋芽并已木质化的茎段(粗约1 cm). 3 培养条件愈伤组织诱导与分化培养基:(1)MS+KT 2.9～3.1 mg·L-1(单位下同)+IBA 1;(2)MS+KT 3+IBA 2;(3)MS+KT 2+IBA 2.腋芽萌生培养基:(4)MS+ZT 0.4～ 0.7+IBA 1.生根培养基:(5) 1/2MS+KT3+IBA 1.5～2;(6) 1/2MS+ZT 0.5+IBA 1.2～2.以上培养基均附加3%蔗糖,0.6%琼脂,pH 5.4～5.8,培养温度为 (25±2)℃,光照度 1 500～2 000 lx,光照12 h·d-1.     

泽兰的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称泽兰(Eupatorium odoratum),又名香泽兰,俗称飞机草. 2材料类别带腋芽的茎尖. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 1.0;生根培养基:MS NAA 0.5.上述培养基均添加3%蔗糖、0.6%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度(23±1)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光照度1 500 lx.     

小水榕的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称小水榕(anubias barteri). 2材料类别茎尖、茎段. 3培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 5.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) KT 5.0;增殖培养基:(2)MS 6-BA1.0,(3)MS 6-BA 2.0,(4)MS 6-BA 3.0,(5)MS 6-BA 4.0,(6)MS 6-BA 5.0;生根培养基:(7)MS NAA 0.3 IBA 0.2.各培养基中均添加20 g·L-1白糖、5 g·L-1琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度25～30℃,诱导和增殖培养的光照度500 lx,生根培养的光照度1 500～2 000 lx,光照时间12 h·d-1.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism