甲醇酵母Pichia pastoris高水平表达有活性的辣根过氧化物酶

表达有活性的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)不仅可以深入揭示HRP结构与功能及其生理作用规律,而且为HRP的广泛需要提供新的来源.为了在甲醇酵母P.pastoris中成功表达,将编码HRP-C成熟肽的cDNA构建到pPIC9上,再转化到P.pastoris中,筛选到了分泌表达非糖基化HRP和高糖基化HRP(分子质量超过100 ku)两种主要产物的重组细胞株.优化表达条件,目标产物在摇瓶发酵液中高效表达,可达4～6 g/L.并且直接从发酵液中可获得具有活性的高糖基化HRP,每毫升发酵液中酶活力约有2 U,经初步的纯化HRP具有最大吸收峰403 nm.     

OsPDR在酵母中异源表达增强了酵母对钴的耐受性

在通过RNA-Seq技术得到的镉响应转录组图谱中,用50 μmol/L Cd处理24 h后,一个镉响应金属离子转运蛋白OsPDR被鉴定出其在水稻(Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare)茎中的表达量显著上调．本研究中,从水稻(Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare)中分离了OsPDR基因,并对其金属离子转移活性进行了分析．金属耐受性实验结果表明,过表达OsPDR能提高酵母对Co的耐受性,但对Zn、Ni和Cd的耐受性不强,并且经电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定Co含量后,与空载体转化酵母相比,过表达OsPDR的酵母中Co的积累更高．利用共聚焦显微镜观察发现,EGFP-OsPDR融合蛋白定位于液泡膜上．这些数据表明OsPDR可能在Co稳态中起着重要作用．OsPDR在植物中的作用,还需要进一步的研究．     

重组人血管内皮细胞生长因子121 cDNA的基因克隆、表达和鉴定

应用RT-PCR方法,扩增人VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA基因片段,与酵母表达载体pPIC9K重组,获得表达质粒p9KVEGF₁₂₁.该质粒转化毕赤酵母菌GS115,用G418-YPD平板筛选高拷贝转化子,PCR鉴定VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA与酵母染色体整合状态,高拷贝转化子用甲醇诱导表达.工程菌用5 L发酵罐发酵,表达产物r-hVEGF₁₂₁占培养液中总蛋白量70%以上.纯化产物促进牛毛细血管内皮(BCE)细胞增殖,并强烈促进血管通透.     

通过同源重组在聚球藻7002中表达小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ的初步研究

用PCR方法从海洋单细胞蓝藻聚球藻7002（Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002）基因组DNA中扩增得到藻蓝蛋白β亚基基因（cpcβ）的上游序列（Pcpcβ）,及编码谷氨酰胺合成酶的glnA基因片段．以Pcpcβ作为启动子、以glnA基因片段作为整合平台,构建含有小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ（mMT-Ⅰ）cDNA的同源整合表达载体pKGC-MT.通过自然转化法将整合表达载体导入聚球藻7002中,经氨苄青霉素筛选,得到遗传性状稳定的转基因藻.PCR检测证明mMT-Ⅰ基因已整合到蓝藻基因组DNA上;蛋白质印迹表明mMT-Ⅰ已在蓝藻中表达;ELISA结果显示mMT-Ⅰ在蓝藻中的表达量约为800 μg/g.     

cry3A和vhb基因在转基因马铃薯中的表达

分别构建了含cry3A和cry3A+vhb基因的植物表达载体pBCry3A和pBC₃Vhb,并通过根癌农杆菌介导转化了马铃薯. 对转化再生植株进行PCR和DNA印迹分析表明,外源基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中, 且连续三代无性繁殖后转基因仍存在. ELISA分析表明cry3A基因在转基因植株中得到了高效表达, 在单转cry3A植株中最高表达量达0.1%, 转cry3A与vhb双基因株系中为0.065%. 水涝试验显示,转双基因且vhb mRNA的RT-PCR呈阳性的马铃薯植株,对低氧胁迫有较好的耐受性, 表明获得的上述转双基因马铃薯株系可能会具有很好的抗虫和耐涝性能.     

Cre-LoxP系统在炭疽芽胞杆菌基因敲除中的应用及eag基因的敲除

将Cre-LoxP系统应用于Bacillus anthracis中并成功敲除eag基因．以B.anthracis基因组为模板扩增得到上下游同源臂,联合两端带有LoxP位点的壮观霉素抗性基因片段构建好同源重组载体,转化B．anthracis AP422,通过一系列筛选得到带有抗性标记的重组菌．然后,通过转入Cre重组酶表达质粒,去除抗性标记,得到eag基因缺失的重组菌,并在DNA水平、RNA水平和蛋白质水平进行了系统的鉴定．最终建立了Cre-LoxP系统在B．anthracis中的应用方法,并成功敲除eag基因.     

LASS1基因克隆及其在大鼠脑皮层的表达与神经元衰老的相关性初步研究

长寿保障基因LAG1是从酵母中克隆的与酵母寿命相关的基因,随酵母生命衰老而表达发生变化. 对大鼠中同源基因LASS1进行克隆、测序和序列分析,发现其mRNA序列不同于GenBank中的预测序列,开放阅读框包含1 053碱基对,编码蛋白由350个氨基酸组成,内含Lag1蛋白家族保守的Lag1p motif和TLC结构域. 从新生、1月龄、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄大鼠脑顶叶皮质提取总RNA,用半定量RT-PCR及RNA印迹方法对LASS1在大鼠脑皮质中的表达随年龄变化情况进行分析. 结果表明,出生后LASS1表达量随年龄增加而增高,至6月龄达高峰,然后随年龄增加而逐渐下降,至24月老龄鼠达最低. 衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-gal)对鼠脑皮层染色发现,神经元阳性染色随年龄增长明显增加. 大鼠LASS1基因表达在正常衰老过程中发生变化,为进一步研究该基因的作用奠定了基础.     

拟南芥AtNHX2启动子的克隆及表达模式分析(英)

AtNHX2基因是拟南芥NHX基因家族的一员,编码了一种液泡膜中的Na⁺/H⁺反向运输体并对拟南芥的耐盐能力起着重要的作用.采用PCR扩增的方法克隆了拟南芥AtNHX2基因启始密码子上游约2.8 kb的DNA片段,并将其克隆到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301-1中,通过基因枪轰击洋葱表皮瞬时表达的方法,初步检测启动子的活性.将重组质粒pCAMBIA1301-1/AtNHX2 promoter转化拟南芥并筛选纯合子.AtNHX2 promoter-GUS分析显示AtNHX2在所有的组织中均有表达,包括根尖.在保卫细胞中检测到了强烈的GUS表达,这一结果表明,AtNHX2对特殊细胞的pH调控和K⁺自身稳定方面起着重要的作用.AtNHX2启动子的活性可被NaCl抑制,并且抑制的强度和NaCl的浓度成正相关. 300 mmol/L KCl处理可增强启动子的活性,说明NaCl和KCl是在转录水平上调控AtNHX2的表达.在老叶中GUS活性比在新叶中GUS活性强,这说明了AtNHX2优先将有毒的离子积累在老叶中,从而有利于植物的正常发育.在根毛细胞中也观测到了强烈的GUS活性,这就暗示了AtNHX2在扩大的液泡中储存Na⁺.     

表达短lef-1 dsRNA的转化细胞对家蚕核型多角体病毒的抗性

为了探讨RNAi抑制家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)增殖的效果,用带有lef-1 dsRNA表达盒的转基因载体pigA3-LEF- Neo转染家蚕BmN培养细胞,通过G418(750～800 mg/L)筛选,获得了稳定转化细胞系．病毒感染试验显示,稳定转化细胞的病毒感染率比正常细胞低53%、转化细胞形成的多角体数量为普通细胞中的2/3、细胞培养上清中的游离病毒减少了90%以上,表明病毒在转化细胞中的增殖受到明显抑制;半定量RT-PCR结果显示,转化细胞中病毒lef-1的转录水平仅为正常细胞的2/5～3/5,表明转化细胞表达的lef-1 dsRNA抑制了病毒lef-1基因的表达．通过反向PCR分析外源DNA片段插入基因组位点,结果表明,在转化细胞中外源DNA可通过随机整合或按照piggyBac特定的转座位点TTAA插入细胞基因组．     

伪狂犬病病毒闽A株gE基因去信号肽片段在Pichia pastoris中的表达

伪狂犬病病毒囊膜糖蛋白E是一种在伪狂犬病根除计划中具有重要作用的糖蛋白.将伪狂犬病病毒闽A株gE基因去信号肽片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达载体pPICZαA中,获得的重组表达载体pPICZαA-FL电击转化野生型酵母菌SMD1168后,得到多株酵母工程菌SMD1168/pPICZαA-FL.经高浓度Zeocin^TM筛选、表型鉴定、工程菌的诱导表达及表达产物的鉴定,最后得到高效表达gE基因去信号肽片段的酵母工程菌SMD1168/pPICZαA-FL-7.工程菌72 h培养上清的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与蛋白质印迹结果显示,gE基因去信号肽片段表达产物大小约为80 ku,比预期的63.8 ku大.凝胶薄层扫描结合Bradford蛋白质总含量测定结果表明,表达产物占工程菌培养上清总蛋白的13.49%,表达量可达11.7 mg/L.间接ELISA结果表明重组表达产物具有良好的抗原性,能够有效地区分伪狂犬病病毒gE标准阳性与阴性血清.     

酿酒酵母全基因组范围内筛选MTM1基因的抑制基因

MTM1 基因对于维持锰超氧化物歧化酶的活性和线粒体正常功能十分重要,MTM1 基因的缺失会严重影响酵母锰超氧化物歧化酶活性,并损伤线粒体功能,因此在非发酵培养基上不能生长．利用MTM1 基因缺失的突变体在非发酵培养基上的生长缺陷,转入酵母基因组文库筛选MTM1 抑制基因,发现MTM1基因缺失造成的损伤一旦形成不可逆转,重新引入MTM1 基因也无法挽救,直接筛选无法得到抑制基因．为了避免MTM1缺失造成的不可逆损伤,在野生型酵母中先转入带有MTM1 基因的质粒,再敲除染色体上的MTM1 基因,随后转入基因组文库,再利用药物5-氟乳清酸(5-FOA)迫使细胞丢失表达MTM1基因的外源质粒,再筛选能在非发酵培养基上生长的转化子,通过这种方法筛选发现,POR2等5个基因的过表达可以挽救MTM1 基因缺失造成的非发酵培养基上的生长缺陷,为深入了解MTM1基因的功能提供了线索,对筛选其他造成不可逆损伤的突变基因的抑制基因提供了一条可行的研究思路．     

The Escherichia coli recA gene increases resistance of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ionizing and ultraviolet radiation

Summary The Escherichia coli recA protein coding region was ligated into an extrachromosomally replicating yeast expression vector downstream of the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase promoter region to produce plasmid pADHrecA. Transformation of the wild-type yeast strains YNN-27 and 7799-4B, as well as the recombination-deficient rad52-t C5-6 mutant, with this shuttle plasmid resulted in the expression of the bacterial 38 kDa RecA protein in exponential phase cells. The wild-type YNN27 and 7799-4B transformants expressing the bacterial recA gene showed increased resistance to the toxic effects of both ionizing and ultraviolet radiation. RecA moderately stimulated the UV-induced mutagenic response of 7799-4B cells. Transformation of the rad52-t mutant with plasmid pADHrecA did not result in the complementation of sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Thus, the RecA protein endows the yeast cells with additional activities, which were shown to be error-prone and dependent on the RAD52 gene.     

应用原位双膜法快速筛选人Flt3配体甲醇酵母高表达转化子

原位双膜法是一种基于免疫原理的快速筛选高表达甲醇酵母转化子的方法,即首先将固体培养基上的菌落转印至醋酸纤维素薄膜上,再利用硝酸纤维素薄膜原位捕获穿过醋酸纤维素薄膜的菌落外泌蛋白,然后用免疫方法检测与硝酸纤维素薄膜结合的蛋白.利用此法筛选到人Flt3配体（hFL）的甲醇酵母高表达转化子,液体诱导表达量约20 mg/L.ELISA结果证明,原位双膜法所得的菌落染色强度与该菌落液体诱导表达水平正相关.蛋白质印迹结果显示,培养上清在25 ku处有明显杂交条带,而对照组杂交呈阴性,且表达量随诱导天数增加.原位双膜法是一种良好的筛选方法,可以快捷、准确地筛选高表达酵母转化子.     

The bacterial phleomycin resistance geneble as a dominant selectable marker inChlamydomonas

A chimeric gene composed of the coding sequence of theble gene fromStreptoalloteichus hindustanus fused to the 5 and 3 untranslated regions of theChlamydomonas reinhardtii nuclear geneRBCS2 has been constructed. Introduction of this chimeric gene into the nuclear genome ofC. reinhardtii by co-transformation with theARG7 marker yields Arg⁺ transformants of which approximately 80% possess theble gene. Of these co-transformants, approximately 3% display a phleomycin-resistant (Pm^R) phenotype. Western blot analysis using antibodies against theble gene product confirms the presence of the protein in the Pm^R transformants and genetic analysis demonstrates the co-segregation of theble gene with the phenotype in progeny arising from the mating of a Pm^R transformant to wild-type strains. Direct selection of Pm^R transformants was achieved by allowing an 18-h period for recovery and growth of transformed cells prior to selection. This work represents the first demonstration of stable expression and inheritance of a foreign gene in the nuclear genome ofC. reinhardtii and provides a useful dominant marker for nuclear transformation.     

香菇HMG-box转录因子lelcrp1基因的功能

【目的】研究香菇(Lentinula edodes) HMG-box转录因子LELCRP1 (Lentinula edodes lignocellulase genes regulation protein 1)在木质纤维素降解相关酶基因表达中的功能与作用。【方法】通过double-joint及同源重组方法构建lelcrp1基因RNAi载体,采用根癌农杆菌介导转化的方法转入香菇异核菌株W1菌丝中,筛选得到RNAi转化子,通过Southern杂交检测插入片段在菌株W1基因组中的拷贝数量。采用荧光定量PCR检测RNAi转化子木质纤维素降解酶基因表达水平变化,并在含有3.5μg/mL潮霉素的MYG平板上测定RNAi转化子的菌丝生长速度。【结果】获得了4个lelcrp1基因表达水平与出发菌株W1相比显著下调6–7倍的RNAi转化子。Southern杂交结果显示,lelcrp1基因RNAi片段已成功整合至香菇菌株W1基因组内,并以单拷贝形式存在。对其中2个RNAi转化子的26个木质纤维素降解酶基因表达水平进行分析,发现其中9个纤维素酶基因、1个半纤维素酶基因、2个辅助酶AA9基因和1个锰过氧化物酶基因的表达水平均表现出明显的下调。平板生长试验表明,RNAi转化子菌丝生长速度均显著慢于出发菌株W1。【结论】通过RNAi技术成功抑制了香菇异核菌株中lelcrp1基因表达水平,并导致部分纤维素及木质素酶基因表达水平相应下调,首次发现HMG-box结构域的转录因子能调控木质纤维素降解相关酶基因表达。     

The Chlamydomonas chloroplast clpP gene contains translated large insertion sequences and is essential for cell growth

Sequence determination of the chloroplast clpP gene from two distantly related Chlamydomonas species (C. reinhardtii and C. eugametos) revealed the presence of translated large insertion sequences (IS1 and IS2) that divide the clpP gene into two or three sequence domains (SDs) and are not found in homologous genes in other organisms. These insertion sequences do not resemble RNA introns, and are not spliced out at the mRNA level. Instead, each insertion sequence forms a continuous open reading frame with its upstream and downstream sequence domains. IS1 specifies a potential polypeptide sequence of 286 and 318 amino acid residues in C. reinhardtii and C. eugametos, respectively. IS2 encodes a 456 amino acid polypeptide and is present only in C. eugametos. The two Chlamydomonas IS1 sequences show substantial similarity; however, there is no significant sequence similarity either between IS1 and IS2 or between these insertion sequences and any other known protein coding sequences. The C. reinhardtii clpP gene was further shown to be essential for cell growth, as demonstrated through targeted gene disruption by particle gun-mediated chloroplast transformation. Only heteroplasmic transformants could be obtained, even under mixotrophic growth conditions. The heteroplasmic transformants were stable only under selection pressure for the disrupted clpP, rapidly segregated into wild-type cells when the selection pressure was removed, and grew significantly more slowly than wildtype cells under phototrophic conditions.     

Donation: a new, facile method of gene replacement in yeast

Summary We describe here a new method for the introduction of non-selectable alleles into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gene replacement by donation. This method only requires the availability of an autonomously replicating, selectable plasmid containing the allele to be introduced into yeast. The plasmid is digested at a restriction site (or sites) within this allele, and introduced into yeast by transformation. In the course of double-strand break repair, the entering plasmid donates genetic information to the chromosome, replacing the chromosomal allele in a gene conversion-like event. Gene replacement events are identified by a phenotypic screen of the transformants. When necessary, the transforming plasmid may be subsequently lost by segregation during permissive growth. We have studied several parameters affecting the utility of this protocol as a method of gene replacement. Together with our previous results, the results show gene replacement by donation to be a useful, facile method, yielding gene replacement in up to 1.5% of transformants.     

Stable transformation and regulated expression of an inducible reporter construct inCandida albicans using restriction enzyme-mediated integration

To allow the regulated expression of cloned genes inCandida albicans, a plasmid was constructed using the inducible promoter of theC. albicans MAL2 gene. To demonstrate that theMAL2 promoter could regulate cloned genes placed under its control, a fusion construct was made with the coding sequence of theC. albicans URA3 gene. This plasmid was introduced into a Ura^– strain ofC. albicans using the process of restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI). This procedure involves the transformation of theBamHI-linearized plasmid in the presence ofBamHI enzyme. The majority of transformants generated contained insertions of the plasmid at chromosomalBamHI sites. All transformants examined were inducible forURA3 expression, which was determined by growth analysis and by measuring the level ofURA3 gene product activity. The Ura⁺ phenotype of the transformants was stable during growth under nonselective conditions. This system offers the advantages of stable transformation, easy recovery of integrated DNA, and inducible expression of genes inC. albicans.Deceased, December 15, 1995     

Reversible inactivation of a foreign gene, hph, during the asexual cycle in Neurospora crassa transformants

Summary A plasmid construct carrying the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene fused to the expression elements of the trpC gene of Aspergillus nidulans was used to obtain hygromycin B (Hyg)-resistant transformants of Neurospora crassa. The plasmid does not have any homology with the N. crassa genome. Here we demonstrate that most of the transformants arise from integration of the transforming DNA into only one of the nuclei present in the protoplasts. Furthermore, in most of the transformants the integrated transforming DNA is physically stable after growth of the transformants for about 25 nuclear divisions without Hyg selection, in spite of being present in multiple copies. In transformants carrying only a single insertion, phenotypic expression of the hph gene remains unaltered in conidial isolates obtained withoug Hyg selection. On the other hand, about 40% of transformants harbouring plasmid DNA integrated at more than one location yield conidial isolates showing reversible inactivation of the hph genes. Interestingly, the presence of methylated cytosine residues in the integrated DNA is strongly correlated with the number of plasmid copies. The hph genes are heavily methylated in transformants harbouring multiple copies but not in those harbouring only one copy of the plasmid. Phenotypic expression of the inactive hph genes can be restored by growing the transformants either under Hyg selection pressure or in the presence of 5-azacytidine. In the first case the hph genes are again inactivated when Hyg selection pressure is removed, while the activation of the hph gene by 5-azacytidine gives stable Hyg^r strains.Dedicated to Dr. T.A. Trautner on the occasion of his 60^th birthday     

水曲柳中MYBL2基因表达特征分析

MYB转录因子家族是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,参与植物生长、繁殖和代谢的各个时期,能通过多种方式参与植物抗逆生长。该文在水曲柳中克隆FmMYBL2基因,利用生物信息学分析其结构和表达特征,并构建FmMYBL2蛋白的系统进化树。对水曲柳幼苗进行低温胁迫、盐胁迫处理以及激素分子诱导处理(包括ABA、IAA、GA_3、JA、SA)。分别在0、1、3、6、12、24、48 h取样,利用实时荧光定量PCR对上述处理样品中FmMYBL2基因进行定量分析,并分析了FmMYBL2的时空表达特征。结果表明:(1)克隆得到的FmMYBL2基因全长为762 bp,编码253个氨基酸。(2) FmMYBL2蛋白是亲水性蛋白,氨基酸序列比对表明其与棉花同源关系较近。(3)荧光定量分析表明,FmMYBL2基因响应低温胁迫和盐胁迫,同时ABA、IAA、GA_3、JA、SA共同调控该基因表达。(4)在低温处理1 h、盐胁迫48 h时,虽然FmMYBL2基因表达量最高,激素诱导后表达量持续波动,但其能在短时间内迅速响应。(5) FmMYBL2基因在根、芽、花、种子中均有表达,雄花中的表达量最高。该研究结果为深入研究MYBL2基因功能和水曲柳抗逆生长的调控奠定基础。