心肌营养素-1及其信号转导

心肌营养素 1(Cardiotrophin 1,CT 1)是细胞因子IL 6家族成员,它能够诱导心肌细胞肥大,刺激心脏和神经细胞的存活,具有广泛的生物学作用.其生物活性通过多种信号转导途径实现.     

一种新的促心肌肥大细胞因子——心脏营养素

心脏营养素１（ｃａｒｄｉｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ１,ＣＴ１）是新发现的一种具有促心肌肥大作用的活性物质,为白细胞介素６（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎｓ６,ＩＬ６）细胞因子家族的新成员,其受体由三部分组成,包括ｇｐ１３０、ｇｐ１９０和分子量为８０ｋＤ的ＣＴ１特异受体。ＣＴ１与受体结合,可促进未成熟心肌细胞的存活和增殖,并诱导心肌细胞肥大,可能在多种心血管疾病所致的心肌肥大和心力衰竭的发病中具有重要的意义     

一种新的促心肌肥大细胞因子——心脏营养素—1

心脏营养素－１是新发现的一种具有促心肌肥大作用的活性物质,为白细胞介素－６细胞因子家族的新成员,其受体由三部分组成,包括ｇｐ１３０、ｇｐ１９０和分子量为８０ｋＤ的ＣＴ－１特异受体。ＣＴ－１与受体结合,可促进未成熟心肌细胞的存活和增殖,并诱导心肌细胞肥大,可能在多种心血管疾病所致的心肌肥大和心力衰竭的发病中具有重要的意义 。     

心肌营养素-1生物学功能的多样性

CT-1最初是从小鼠胚胎干细胞中分离出来的一种细胞因子,其结构与细胞因子IL-6家族成员具有高度同源性,是IL-6家族成员之一。CT-1对心肌细胞既有肥大诱导作用,又有保护作用,其促进多种神经元的存活并能改变交感神经元的递质表型;同时,CT-1刺激肝细胞活性并参与机体炎症反应,具有广泛的生物学作用。     

复方清下汤对脓毒症大鼠肺组织细胞因子白介素-1及白介素-6基因表达的影响

目的 探讨复方清下汤对脓毒症大鼠肺组织白介素-1(IL-1)及白介素-6(IL-6)基因表达的影响,进一步探讨其减轻肺损伤机制.方法 将健康SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只:假手术组(SHAM组),脓毒症肺损伤组(模型组),盲肠结扎穿孔+复方清下汤组,以及盲肠结扎穿孔+头孢哌酮舒巴坦(舒普深)组,造模24 h后收集标本.应用免疫组织化学和Westernblotting法检测肺组织中IL-1、IL-6的表达,RT-PCR检测肺组织上述蛋白mRNA表达.结果 与SHAM组比较,模型组IL-1、IL-6的mRNA转录水平和蛋白水平表达均显著升高(P＜0.01);抗生素及中药处理组与模型组比较,IL-1、IL-6的表达明显降低(P＜0.01),抗生素及中药处理组两组检测数据相近.结论 脓毒症大鼠肺损伤时细胞因子IL-1、IL-6过度表达可能是造成脓毒症肺损伤的重要原因;复方清下汤处理的动物模型肺损伤减轻的同时IL-1、IL-6表达变化,提示它可能通过调控IL-1、IL-6表达起作用.     

心肌营养素-1和结缔组织增长因子在糖尿病大鼠心肌中的表达及厄贝沙坦的干预作用

目的通过观察心肌营养素-1（CT—1）mRNA和结缔组织增长因子（CTGF）在糖尿病大鼠心肌中的动态表达以及厄贝沙坦干预的影响,探讨CT—1和CTGF在糖尿病心肌病（DMCM）发病机制中的作用。方法SD雄性大鼠78只,随机分为对照组和糖尿病组。用链脲佐菌素（STZ）一次性腹腔注射建立糖尿病模型后,糖尿病组再为厄贝沙坦治疗组及糖尿病未治疗组。治疗组以厄贝沙坦灌服12周。分别在病程2、4、6、8、10、12周处死各组大鼠。称量体重（BW）、全心重量（HW）、左室重量（LVW）,计算心体比（HW／BW）和左室重量指数（LVWI）。检测心肌CT—1 mRNA和CTGF的表达水平;心肌胶原（Col）和心肌血管紧张素（AngⅡ）含量。观察心肌超微结构病理改变。结果糖尿病组大鼠的HW／BW、LVWI明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,厄贝沙坦治疗组大鼠的HW／BW、LVWI明显低于糖尿病组（P〈0．01）,但仍高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。厄贝沙坦组心肌细胞变性、坏死程度和范围较糖尿病组明显减轻。糖尿病组大鼠CT—1 mRNA、CTGF表达明显卜调,随病程延长呈升高趋势（P〈0．01）,心肌col、AngⅡ含量较正常对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。而厄贝沙坦治疗组大鼠的CTI mRNA、CTGF表达与糖尿病组相比较下调（P〈0．01）;心肌Col、AngⅡ含量明显低于糖尿病组（P〈0．05）。糖尿病组大鼠心室CT—1mRNA、CTGF和心室局部Col、AngⅡ含量呈明显正相关。结论糖尿病大鼠心肌CT—1mRNA、CTGF表达上调与心肌肥大、间质纤化密切相关,在糖尿病心肌病的心室重构中起重要作用。厄贝沙坦町减轻糖尿病心肌病的心室重构,其心肌保护作用机制可能与其下调CT—1和CTGF水平有关。     

孕妇血中细胞粘附因子-1、白介素-6与胎膜早破的关系

胎膜早破的确切病因尚不清楚,胎膜早破可能是由单一或多种因素共同作用的结果[1].近年来的研究不断证实感染是胎膜早破发生发展的重要因素之一,提示细胞粘附因子-1、白介素-6等细胞因子可能是预测胎膜早破,尤其是合并感染的胎膜早破的可信指标.     

血清白介素-6和白介素-10浓度的变化与冠心病

目的探讨白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)在冠心病心绞痛患者血中的变化规律。方法检测25例不稳定型心绞痛、23例稳定型心绞痛患者及22例正常对照者组血中IL6、IL-10浓度并进行比较。结果不稳定型心绞痛组、稳定型心绞痛组及正常对照组血中IL-6分别为(298.6±52.4)、(143.2±46.9)、(75.1±32.7)pg/m l;不稳定型心绞痛组分别高于稳定型心绞痛组及正常对照组,差异均有非常显著性(均为P<0.001)。不稳定型心绞痛组、稳定型心绞痛组及正常对照组血IL-10分别为(173.7±30.9)、(80.4±15.6)、(38.2±7.5)pg/m l,不稳定型心绞痛组分别高于稳定型心绞痛组及正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者血清IL-6、IL-10的浓度升高。     

丹参酮对阿尔茨海默病样大鼠海马内白介素1β和白介素6 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨丹参酮(tanshinone, Tan)抗β-淀粉样肽神经元毒性的分子机制.方法应用凝聚态β-淀粉样肽1-40片段(amyloid β-peptide1-40, Aβ1-40)在大鼠双侧海马齿状回背侧细胞带进行微量注射以建立拟人类阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)样动物模型;采用明暗箱被动回避法、穿梭法测试学习记忆功能;用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法测定海马内白介素1β(IL-1β)和白介素6(IL-6)mRNA含量;以丹参酮(tanshinone, Tan)(50mg/ kg)对Aβ1-40处理的大鼠连续灌胃14d,观察其干预效果.结果海马内注射Aβ1-40 14 d后,经行为学检测大鼠学习记忆功能明显减退,海马内IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA表达均显著高于对照组(P< 0.01);Tan(50mg/ kg)连续灌胃14 d能显著抑制大鼠学习记忆功能的减退和上述病理变化.结论 Tan对Aβ1-40诱导的大鼠学习记忆功能障碍具有显著改善作用,并能有效地抑制其海马内IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA的升高,这可能为Tan治疗AD样大鼠的分子机制.     

高糖环境下持续性牵张力对子宫平滑肌细胞白介素-1和白介素-6表达的影响

目的:探讨高糖环境下持续性牵张力对大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响。方法:体外培养大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞,高糖作用不同时间后,观察高糖状态下大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达变化情况。对高糖状态下的肌细胞施加持续性牵张力,明确牵张力对肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达的影响以及高糖和牵张力之间的协同作用,同时采用晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)抑制剂拮抗高糖作用作为参照,并对结果进行分析。结果:随着高糖作用时间增加,肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达也随之升高。牵张力也可促进肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达增加,并可与高糖状态产生协同作用,这一过程可被高糖抑制剂部分阻断,但不能完全阻断。结论:高糖状态及牵张力均可促进肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达增加,并有一定协同作用,AGEs参与了这一过程,但并不是唯一途径。     

Increased expression of IL-6 and LIF in the hypertrophied left ventricle of TGR(mRen2)27 and SHR rats

Cytokines from the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family have been reported to play an important synergistic role with angiotensin II in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Whether their expression pattern changes in vivo, in an angiotensin II-dependent hypertrophied myocardium has not been reported. In this study, we addressed that issue using two animal models of angiotensin II-dependent cardiac hypertrophy. Heterozygous transgenic TGR(mRen2)27 (TGR) with an overactive cardiac renin angiotensin system and the closely related spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared to their respective control rats. The mRNA levels of IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) as well as their receptor subunits, glycoprotein 130 (gp130), IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), LIFR, and CNTFR, were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The protein levels of IL-6, LIF and CT-1 were investigated by western blot. TGR and SHR both displayed significant over expression of mRNA and protein levels for IL-6 and LIF. In TGR, the increased level of LIF was accompanied by a decrease in mRNA levels for LIFR and CNTFR. In SHR, a higher level of mRNA IL-6R was observed. By contrast, the mRNA and protein levels for CT-1 and the mRNA level for gp130 did not vary in these two models. These findings suggest that IL-6 and LIF, but not CT-1, contribute to angiotensin II-dependent left ventricular hypertrophy in the two hypertensive rat models, TGR(mRen2)27 and SHR. (Mol Cell Biochem 269: 95–101, 2005)     

Interleukin-6: structure-function relationships.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a central role in host defense due to its wide range of immune and hematopoietic activities and its potent ability to induce the acute phase response. Overexpression of IL-6 has been implicated in the pathology of a number of diseases including multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease, psoriasis, and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Hence, selective antagonists of IL-6 action may offer therapeutic benefits. IL-6 is a member of the family of cytokines that includes interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, cardiotrophin-1, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Like the other members of this family, IL-6 induces growth or differentiation via a receptor-system that involves a specific receptor and the use of a shared signaling subunit, gp130. Identification of the regions of IL-6 that are involved in the interactions with the IL-6 receptor, and gp130 is an important first step in the rational manipulation of the effects of this cytokine for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we focus on the sites on IL-6 which interact with its low-affinity specific receptor, the IL-6 receptor, and the high-affinity converter gp130. A tentative model for the IL-6 hexameric receptor ligand complex is presented and discussed with respect to the mechanism of action of the other members of the IL-6 family of cytokines.     

Gp130 activation by soluble interleukin-6 receptor/interleukin-6 enhances osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes osteodifferentiation in bone-located progenitors; however, it is not known whether this cytokine affects the differentiation of bone marrow-located osteoprogenitors. To address this issue, we prepared human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were characterized by a cell surface phenotype and multipotential nature. It was observed that in the presence of IL-6, MSCs were not differentiated into the osteogenic lineage, as evidenced by a failure to induce alkaline phosphatase activity, an earlier marker of osteodifferentiation. The lack of effect of IL-6 correlates with the observation that MSCs do not express a membrane-bound or soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). The incompetence of IL-6 was not reversed by the addition of sIL-6R alone or the sIL-6R/IL-6 complex, as it occurs in other IL-6R-negative cells. However, after MSC osteocommittment by dexamethasone, sIL-6R or the sIL-6R/IL-6 complex enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. The effect of sIL-6R or sIL-6R/IL-6 proved to be dependent on gp130 availability, which is expressed by MSCs, and involves stat-3 phosphorylation. These data suggest that IL-6R deficiency may represent for bone marrow-located mesenchymal progenitors a sort of protective mechanism to escape the osteogenic effect of IL-6, which is produced by the MSC itself as well as by other marrow stromal cells.     

Interleukin-6 trans-signaling in inflammatory bowel disease

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, involving a wide range of molecules including cytokines. Recent investigations support the important role of an interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway in the development of IBD. However, the molecular mechanisms of this pathway in the intestine remain incompletely understood. The circulating and intestinal levels of IL-6 as well as soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) are increased in patients with IBD. It is remarkable that the mucosal T cells of IBD patients are extremely resistant to apoptosis and that a large fraction of these cells express membrane-bound gp130 but not IL-6R. The accumulated evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that the development and perpetuation of IBD relies on the increased formation of IL-6/sIL-6R complexes interacting with membrane-bound gp130 on T cells via trans-signaling. These studies suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling may play a role in the development of IBD; they therefore imply the possibility of a selective therapeutic strategy to target this signaling.     

Cardiotrophin-1: Expression in experimental myocardial infarction and potential role in post-MI wound healing

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, has been shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease, and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. We investigated expression of CT-1 in post-MI rat heart and the effect of CT-1 on cultured primary adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. Elevated CT-1 expression was observed in the infarct zone at 24 h and continued through 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-MI, compared to sham-operated animals. CT-1 induced rapid phosphorylation of Jak1, Jak2, STAT1, STAT3, p42/44 MAPK and Akt in cultured adult cardiac fibroblasts. CT-1 induced cardiac fibroblast protein synthesis and proliferation. Protein and DNA synthesis were dependent on activation of Jak/STAT, MEK1/2, PI3K and Src pathways as evidenced by decreased ³H-leucine and ³H-thymidine incorporation after pretreatment with AG490, PD98059, LY294002 and genistein respectively. Furthermore, CT-1 treatment increased procollagen-1-carboxypropeptide (P1CP) synthesis, a marker of mature collagen synthesis. CT-1 induced cell migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CT-1, as expressed in post-MI heart, may play an important role in infarct scar formation and ongoing remodeling of the scar. CT-1 was able to initiate each of the processes considered important in the formation of infarct scar including cardiac fibroblast migration as well as fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Further work is required to determine factors that induce CT-1 expression and interplay with other mediators of cardiac infarct wound healing in the setting of acute cardiac ischemia and chronic post-MI heart failure.     

hIL-6·hIL-6Rα·gp130三元复合物的结构预测

通过Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ方法分析人白介素６（ｈｕｍａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－６,ｈＩＬ－６）／人白介素６受体α亚基（ｈｕｍａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－６ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ α ｓｕｂｕｎｉｔ,ｈＩＬ－６Ｒα）复合物、ｇｐ１３０（βｓｕｂｕｎｉｔ）的空间构象的表现静电分布,利用分子对接方法研究ｇｐ１３０和ｈＩＬ－６／ｈＩＬ－６Ｒα复合物作用成三元复合物的空间构象,经过分子力学优化、分子动力学常温动态模     

IN VIVO EFFECTS OF CARDIOTROPHIN-1

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a recently discovered cytokine that was isolated based on its ability to induce cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. In this study, the effects of chronic administration of CT-1 to mice (0.5 or 2 μg by intraperitoneal injection, twice a day for 14 days) were determined. A dose-dependent increase in both the heart weight and ventricular weight to body ratios was observed in the treated groups. The body weights of the animals were unaffected. These results indicate that CT-1 can induce cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. CT-1 was not specific for the heart, however. It stimulated the growth of the liver, kidney, and spleen, and caused atrophy of the thymus. CT-1 administration also increased the platelet counts by 70%, with no change in mean platelet volume. Red blood cell counts were increased in the treated animals, and there was a concomitant increase in haemoglobin concentration. Thus, CT-1 has a broad spectrum of biological activities in vivo. This observation is consistent with previous in-vitro findings showing that the mRNA for CT-1 is expressed in several tissues, and that CT-1 can function through binding to the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor and signalling through the gp130 pathway.