西藏那曲地区藏族人群15个短串联重复序列位点多态性的研究

利用基因扫描技术调查西藏自治区那曲地区藏族人群D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、CSF1PO、D3S1358、TH01、D13S317、D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、VWA、TPOX、D18S51、D5S818及FGA共15个短串联重复序列(STR)基因座多态性分布,获得15个基因座的群体遗传学数据。结果显示:15个STR位点在那曲地区藏族人群中具有遗传多态性,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,DP在0.758 8—0.960 4之间,H在0.476 2—0.862 0之间,PIC在0.446 4—0.861 5之间,EPP在0.385 0—0.856 0之间,累积个体鉴别力为0.999 999 999,累积非父排除率为0.999 999 998。15个STR位点适合作为那曲地区藏族人群的遗传标记用于人类学、疾病连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等领域的研究。     

西藏藏族人群15个短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性

利用多重PCR五色荧光(6FAM、VIC、NED、PET、LIZ)自动化检测技术检测西藏自治区藏族人群D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、CSF1PO、D3S1358、TH01、D13S317、D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、VWA、TPOX、D18S51、D5S818及FGA共15个STR基因座遗传多态性, 获得15个STR基因座的群体遗传学数据。结果显示：15个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。15个STR基因座的个体鉴别力 (Discrimination power, DP)在0.7555~0.9602之间, 杂合度 (Heterozygosity, H)在0.5651~0.8530之间, 多态性信息含量 (Polymorphism information content, PIC)在0.5528~0.8456之间, 非父排除率(Probability of paternity exclusion, EPP)在0.3811~0.8549之间, 累积个体鉴别力为0.999999999, 累积非父排除率为0.999999998。15个短串联重复序列基因座适合作为西藏藏族人群的遗传标记, 用于人类学、疾病连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等领域的研究。     

Y染色体短串联重复序列微流控芯片复合扩增检测体系研究

目的 构建Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）微流控芯片扩增检测试剂,并进行性能验证,实现Y-STR基因座的快速全集成检测。方法 使用Y-STR微流控芯片检测体系,对其灵敏度、成功率和分型准确率、峰平衡性、精准性和准确性、检材适应性、混合物检测能力和抗抑制性进行验证评估。结果 DNA标准品9948的模板量≥8 ng,血卡片数≥3片以及口腔拭子刮擦次数≥7次时可获得Y-STR完整分型;165份样本的全集成检测成功率为91.52%,分型准确率为99.74%;不同荧光通道之间的峰高比值为89.81%;10次运行的等位基因分型标准品的片段大小标准差均在0.5 bp以内,20份样本全集成检测的等位基因片段和相应的等位基因标准品之间的片段准确性均在0.5 bp以内;能够对口腔拭子、血卡、唾液卡、烟蒂、血棉签、布片精斑等检材进行准确分型;混合样本中较小贡献者与较大贡献者在1∶3的比例时可获得完整基因分型;在不同浓度的腐殖酸（50～400 mg/L）、靛蓝（20～100 nmol/L）、血红蛋白（100～500μmol/L）等抑制物的干扰下,该体系可获得完整基因分型。结论 该体系可应用于国产Quick...     

绵羊线粒体DNA D-loop区串联重复序列变异研究

对来自69个我国地方绵羊品种和8个国外引入品种共计77个个体线粒体DNA控制区长度为75bp的串联重复序列进行了测序分析。在309个重复序列中检测到28个变异位点,其中7个为具有2个变异体的单现突变,1个为具有3个变异体的单现突变,20个为具有2个变异体的简约位点。由28个变异位点中归纳出63个单倍型,其中单倍型Ⅰ和单倍型Ⅲ具有较高的比例,分别为12．94％和30.42％。研究结果揭示我国地方绵羊可能起源于两个母系祖先。哈萨克羊和阿勒泰羊间以及蒙古羊和乌珠穆沁羊间分别具有较近的亲缘关系且没有明显的遗传分化。藏绵羊、蒙古羊和乌珠穆沁羊相对哈萨克羊和阿勒泰羊而言具有较低的遗传多样性。     

人类短串联重复序列HUMTH01基因座的遗传多态性

作者用扩增片段长度多态技术分析了人类短串联重复序列ＨＵＭＴＨ０１基因型及等位基因频率在中国成都地区汉族群体和德国科隆地区白人中的分布。用同步电泳技术比较不同引物ＰＣＲ产物分型结果,评估不同实验室ＨＵＭＴＨ０１群体数据的可比性。计算了２５个群体间ＨＵＭＴＨ０１ＳＴＲ的遗传距离,并构建了系统树。ＨＵＭＴＨ０１ＳＴＲ系统树分析不仅与传统遗传标记结果一致,并且获得了群体遗传的新线索。     

河南汉族群体短串联重复vWA遗传多态性研究

研究人类短串联重复序列vWA在河南汉族人群中遗传多态性,探讨该基因座在法医学和基因诊断中的应用的可能性;同时和中国成都人群、美国黑人、高加索人群、西班牙人群、西班牙南方人群的vWA遗传多态性进行比较,以期了解该基因座在人种、地域上是否有差异。采集河南地区无血缘关系汉族个体血样,应用Chelex法提取DNA,聚合酶链式反应扩增,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分型,χ2检验。得到vWA在河南汉族群体中的基因频率,有8个等位基因,24个基因型,杂合度为0.80,个体识别率为0.84,非父排除率为0.61;河南汉族人群和中国成都人群vWA遗传多态性无显著性差异（χ2=9.6, P＞0.05）,而与美国黑人群（χ2=118,48,P＜0.05）、高加索人群（χ2=45.48,P＜0.05）、西班牙人群（χ2=86.87,P＜0.05）、西班牙南方人群（χ2=85.68,P＜0.05）均有显著性差异。说明该基因座多态性较好,分布符合Hardy-Weinberg 平衡,可以用于个体识别和亲权鉴定。同时也说明河南汉族人群具有一定的代表性,其群体遗传特征的调查研究对群体遗传学和人类学有着重要意义。Genetic Polymorphisms of Human Short Tandem Repeat vWA LI Yi,HAO Bing-tao,YANG Yan-li,ZHU Wen-yu,SI Yan-mei,WANG Ying-tai(Genetics Department,the People`s Hospital of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003,China)Abstract:We researched the genetic polymorphisms of vWA in Henan population and its usfulness in forensic science.DNA extracted from non-relative persons in Henan population with Chelex was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and was typed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis silver staining.A total of 8 alleles and 19 genotypes were found in Henan population,its heterozygosity is high and the locus can be used in forensic genetics.We obtained the allelic frequency of the locus vWA in Henan population.The results of amniotic fluid,villus,blood stain indicate vWA is a good locus for forensic study.Key words：polymorphism; short tandem repeats; polymerase chain reaction; vWA     

秦岭羚牛高度重复序列DNA片段的分子克隆和序列分析

羚牛（Budorcas taxicolor)属偶蹄目（Artiodactyla)、牛科（Bovidae),为我国一类大型珍贵保护动物。我们从其基因组中克隆得到若干约800bp的BamHI高度重复序列并对部分克隆进行了序列测定,发现它们显示了很高的同源性。利用其中一个单元为探针,对限制酶消化后的羚牛基因组DNA作杂交分析,发现其杂交谱带不具有个体及亚种间特异性,说明该重复序列在羚牛基因组中具有保守的分布和排列。在牛科动物中,羚牛BamHI片段与绵羊属和山羊属的相关序列具有高度同源性,而与水牛和家牛序列差异较大。这些结果为羚牛与羊亚科物种亲源关系较近的分类学观点提供了分子生物学证据。有证据表明,这些片段可能代表羚牛染色体着丝点的卫星DNA单体。     

秦岭羚牛高度重复序列DNA片段的分子克隆和序列分析

羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)属偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、牛科(Bovidae),为我国一类大型珍贵保护动物。我们从其基因组中克隆得到若干约800bp的BamHI高度重复序列并对部分克隆进行了序列测定,发现它们显示了很高的同源性。利用其中一个单元为探针,对限制酶消化后的羚牛基因组DNA作杂交分析,发现其杂交谱带不具有个体及亚种间特异性,说明该重复序列在羚牛基因组中具有保守的分布和排列。在牛科动物中,羚牛BamHI片段与绵羊属和山羊属的相关序列具有高度同源性,而与水牛和家牛序列差异较大。这些结果为羚牛与羊亚科物种亲源关系较近的分类学观点提供了分子生物学证据。有证据表明,这些片段可能代表羚牛染色体着丝点的卫星DNA单体。     

短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的群体遗传学研究

用扩增片段长度多态性技术分析短串联重复序列D7S2201基因座的遗传多态性,在262个中国成都地区汉族无关个体及119个泰国曼谷地区泰人无关个体中分别发现7个和5个等位基因,首次获得该基因座在两群体中的频率分布,其等位基因片段大小范围为100～124bp。两群体的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。该基因座在两群体中的个人识别能力（PD）、杂合度（H）、多态性信息含量（CPI）及非父排除率（PE）分别为0.7038、0.5992、0.4789、0.2900和0.7351、0.5882、0.5012、0.2770。家系调查证实了等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。χ2检验表明两群体间等位基因频率分布无显著性差异。Abstract：The polymorphism of a new short tandem repeat (STR) locus D7S2201 was analyzed by using AmpFLP. Seven alleles were observed in 262 unrelated Chinese individuals living in Chengdu and five alleles in 119 unrelated Thai individuals living in Bangkok, the ranges of fragment size were 100～124bp. The genotypes distributions of D7S2201 locus in the two populations were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The discriminating power (PD), observed heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (CPI) and power of exclusion (PE) were 0.7038, 05992, 04789, 02900 in Chinese population and 0.7351, 0.5882, 0.5012, 0.2770 in Thai population respectively. Family studies confirmed Mendelian inheritance of alleles. No significant difference was observed between the two populations.     

Positive correlation between DNA polymerase alpha-primase pausing and mutagenesis within polypyrimidine/polypurine microsatellite sequences

Microsatellite DNA sequences are ubiquitous in the human genome, and mutation rates of these repetitive sequences vary with respect to DNA sequence as well as length. We have analyzed polymerase-DNA interactions as a function of microsatellite sequence, using polypyrimidine/polypurine di- and tetranucleotide alleles representative of those found in the human genome. Using an in vitro primer extension assay and the mammalian DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex, we have observed a polymerase termination profile for each microsatellite that is unique to that allele. Interestingly, a periodic termination profile with an interval size (9-11 nucleotides) unrelated to microsatellite unit length was observed for the [TC](20) and [TTCC](9) templates. In contrast, a unit-punctuated polymerase termination profile was found for the longer polypurine templates. We detected strong polymerase pauses within the [TC](20) allele at low reaction pH which were eliminated by the addition of deaza-dGTP, consistent with these specific pauses being a consequence of triplex DNA formation during DNA synthesis. Quantitatively, a strand bias was observed in the primer extension assay, in that polymerase synthesis termination is more intense when the polypurine sequence serves as the template, relative to its complementary polypyrimidine sequence. The HSV-tk forward mutation assay was utilized to determine the corresponding polymerase alpha-primase error frequencies and specificities at the microsatellite alleles. A higher microsatellite polymerase error frequency (50x10(-4) to 60x10(-4)) was measured when polypurine sequences serve as templates for DNA synthesis, relative to the polypyrimidine template (18x10(-4)). Thus, a positive correlation exists between polymerase alpha-primase pausing and mutagenesis within microsatellite DNA alleles.     

云南汉族群体FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座多态性及其法医学应用

采用Amp-FLP分型方法,调查云南汉族群体FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座的遗传多态性,并将其应用于法医学实践。200份EDTA抗凝血采自昆明地区无血缘关系汉族个体,采用酚—氯仿法提取DNA;法医物证实际检案及亲子鉴定检材取自昆明医学院法医系物证教研室检案,各种动物血痕取自动物中心,采用酚—氯仿法或Chelex法提取DNA,PCR扩增,非变 性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳,硝酸银染色分型。结果表明,FIBRA、DHFRP2、ACTBP2基因座分别观察到15、7、13个等位基因,基因型数分别是57、25、61。3个STR基因座的杂合度（H）分别为：0.8940、0.8174、0.9130;多态信息容量（PIC）分别是:0.8908、0.8045、0.9117;个人识别力（Dp）分别是：0.9733、0.9416、0.9772;非父排除率（Epp）分别是：0.7994、0.6542、0.8348,基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。20个家系调查结果表明,3个基因组均符合孟德尔遗传规律。 Genetic Polymorphism of FIBRA,DHFRP2 and ACTBP2 and Their Forensic Application in Yunnan Han PopulationJING Qiang,NIE Sheng-jieDepartment of Forensic Medicine,Kunming Medical College,Yunnan Province 650031,ChinaAbstract:To investigate the genetic polymorphism of FIBRA,DHFRP2 and ACTBP2 in Yunnan Han population as well as their application in forensic science,EDTA-blood specimens were collected from 200 healthy individuals.The DNA were extracted either by the Chloro form,phenol method or by the Chelex-100 method.The PCR products were analyzed by PAG vertical electrophoresis,following by silver staining.All gene frequencies,discrimination power (DP),exclusion of paternity probability (EPP),heterozygosity (H),polymorphisms information content (PIC),matching probability (PM) as well as the Hardy-Weinberg test were calculated.The obtained data are beneficial in the understanding of population genetics of the three STR loci in Yunnan Han population and the results suggest that these loci are valuable genetic markers for paternity testing and personal identification in forensic science practice.Key words：short tandem repeat; Amp-FLP; genetic polymorphism     

STR基因座中检测出三带型等位基因2例

针对出现的三等位基因2例亲子鉴定案件,同时检测其唾液斑及毛发,应用Goldeneye 20A、PowerPlex 6C、Investigator 24plex QS及华夏白金试剂盒进行检测验证。结果显示在2例二联体亲子鉴定案件中,一例母亲的D18S51基因座分型为13/16,孩子的分型为15/16/17;另一例父亲的D7S820基因座分型为8/11/12,孩子的分型为10/11。唾液斑及毛发样本结果与FTA血卡结果一致,应用Goldeneye20A、PowerPlex 6C系统、Investigator 24plex QS及华夏白金试剂盒验证检测的结果相同。在日常亲子鉴定案件中,出现三带型现象较为罕见,针对这种现象,需进行认真判读及确认,以保证检测结果的准确性。     

Use of microsatellite polymorphisms for paternity exclusion in rhesus macaques (Macaca multatta)

A total of 224 infant rhesus macaques and their dams and potential sires in 11 multimale groups in 2 different specific pathogen free breeding colonies were screened for up to 6 different microsatellite polymorphism using cross-species PCR amplification. Observed and expected success of paternity exclusion analysis (based on gene frequencies of sires and dams in each colony) were computed by individual locus and cumulatively. Greater or less success of PEA than expected was observed at most loci due to the nonrandom distribution of genotypes between sires and dams and among breeding groups at each colony and because genotypes at different loci did not provide completely independent information about parentage. The combined success of PEA using all loci, however, was slightly greater than predicted both with and without assuming knowledge of one parent's (i.e. the dam's) genotype and was far greater than that based on protein coding loci or DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms.     

湖南省汉族人群15个STR基因座多态性分析

应用美国AmpFISTR Indentifiler荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒,结合PE9700型PCR仪和美国ABI公司310型遗传分析仪,对湖南汉族人群D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、CSF1PO、D3S1358、TH01、D13S317、D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、vWA、TPOX、D18S51、D5S818和FGA共15个STR基因座进行多态性调查分析．结果显示15个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy．Weinberg平衡。其杂合度（H）介于0．593～0．900,多态信息含量（PIC）介于O．54～0．85,个体识别力（DP）介于0．780～0．963,非父排除率（PE）介于0．282～0．785,累计个体识别力为（1～1．6×10^-17）〉0．99999999。累计非父排除率为0．9999995．证明15个STR基因座在湖南省汉族人群中具有较高的多态性。可应用于该地区群体学研究、法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定等．     

Chromosome‐specific microsatellites from the tammar wallaby X chromosome and chromosome 2

Microsatellites were identified from fully sequenced bacterial artificial chromosome clones from the X chromosome and chromosome 2 of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii. A total of 20 microsatellites were genotyped. Seven X chromosome loci and eight loci from chromosome 2 were polymorphic, with between two and 11 alleles per locus. These markers will facilitate genetic mapping in the tammar wallaby and will have wider applications in macropod population genetics. In particular, X chromosome microsatellites will provide a novel evolutionary perspective from which to view macropod mating systems and gene flow.     

应用IdentifilerTM系统对湖南人群中OL等位基因的观察与分析

应用IdentifilerTM系统和ABI310型遗传分析仪,对湖南人群中3 423例无关个体进行基因分型,筛选出OL等位基因,并对其分布及构成进行分析.结果显示在3 423例个体基因分型中,发现12种OL等位基因,分布于D13S317、D19S433、D21S11、D3S1358、D7S820和FGA等6个基因座,各基因座OL等位基因的种类数目为1～3个,位点频率为0.292‰～9.641‰.通过以上研究,可对IdentifilerTM系统群体遗传多态性数据进行有效的补充和完善,从而使其更好地应用于人类生物学、法医遗传学等领域.     

毛细管电泳-短小串联重复序列多态性方法及对人凝血因子ⅩⅢB STR位点的检测

为开展高效毛细管电泳技术对STR位点的检测,通过建立毛细管电泳-短小串联重复序列（STRs）多态性的检测方法,实现了利用毛细管电泳快速检测人凝血因子ⅩⅢB（F13B）STR位点PCR产物的长度多态性,结果F13B-STR基因型分型正确,图谱清晰.方法的建立可简化常规多态性检测,实现快速、准确分离.