新型耐磨高分子人工关节材料生物相容性研究

新型耐磨高分子人工关节材料是用８０ＫｅＶ不同剂量Ｃ３Ｈ８＾＋和Ｎ２＾＋对超高分子聚乙烯样品表面进行离子注入后的材料,通过对该材料进行弹性反冲探测,显示其磨损性能增强。通过各项相容性试验,其均符合各项试验标准,并与对照样品在试验过程中出现的情况一致。因此,经离子注入的超高分子聚乙烯作为新型耐磨高分子人工关节材料可应用于临床。     

齐整小核菌内源小核菌胶水解酶的挖掘及其功能验证

小核菌胶是一种高分子水溶性微生物胞外多糖,主要用于石油开采、食品加工、医药制造和化妆品等领域.由微生物发酵法生产的小核菌胶分子量较高,存在溶解性低、粘度高和分散性差等问题,对提取、保存和应用带来了一系列困难.研究用于改性小核菌胶分子量的降解方式对扩大小核菌胶的工业应用具有重要意义.文中以齐整小核菌Sclerotium ...     

重组人BMP6在大肠杆菌中可溶表达、纯化及活性分析

BMP6是一种调节成骨细胞和成软骨细胞分化的骨诱导因子,在修复各种骨缺损方面具有很好的应用潜力.有诱骨活性的BMP6是多二硫键的二聚体蛋白,疏水性极强容易聚集沉淀.为了在大肠杆菌中可溶表达具有生物活性的重组人BMP6(rhBMP6),构建了具有TRX、GST、MBP、CBD融合标签和His6标签的rhBMP6成熟肽原核表达载体,调节诱导温度和IPTG浓度,比较不同融合标签和诱导条件对目的蛋白表达量和溶解性的影响.结果表明,MBP最能有效的增强rhBMP6的溶解性,诱导条件对溶解性影响较小.大肠杆菌BL21 trxB(DE3)这种硫氧还蛋白还原酶缺陷菌株为rhBMP6二硫键在胞质中形成提供了合适的氧化还原环境.MBP和BL21 trxB(DE3)相结合在细胞质中高效可溶表达出了BMP6融合蛋白二聚体.表达产物经亲和层析和凝胶排阻层析纯化后,能诱导成肌细胞系C2C12向成骨细胞方向转化.     

葡萄球菌和生物膜

本文综述了葡萄球菌感染中生物膜形成的相关基因和分子基础,包括细胞间黏附素多糖的生物活性与生物合成、生物膜形成的有关蛋白质、黏液层产生和生物膜的调节以及高分子材料相关感染的预防.     

环糊精在上市医药产品中的应用研究进展

环糊精是一类重要的药用高分子材料,通过与药物形成包合物结构而实现提高难溶性药物溶解性、增强药物稳定性、改善药物生 物利用度等目的。结合天然及改性环糊精的性质特点、体内代谢及生物安全性等信息,归纳了环糊精在已上市医药产品中的研究及应用, 为环糊精领域相关制剂的临床研究及产业化提供一定的参考。     

橡胶树胶乳C-乳清双向电泳样品制备技术的建立及优化

在TCA/丙酮沉淀法的基础上,用乙醇和乙醚洗涤（称双乙法）沉淀获得橡胶树胶乳C-乳清蛋白样品,并在样品溶解时通过超声助溶进一步提高样品的溶解度。结果显示,利用改良后的样品制备方法（TCA/丙酮+双乙法+超声处理）所获得的C-乳清蛋白样品的溶解性大幅增加,蛋白得率高达8.47 mg/mL C-乳清,为传统TCA/丙酮法的1.6倍;同时降低了盐离子浓度,等电聚焦时升压顺利、聚焦完全,双向电泳的图谱质量明显改善,在银染2D胶上可获得1 206个蛋白点,为传统TCA/丙酮法的2.7倍。本文对胶乳C-乳清蛋白样品制备方法进行深入优化,获得了重现性较好的高质量双向电泳蛋白图谱,促进了橡胶树蛋白质组学研究。     

米槠人促更新林与杉木人工林叶片及凋落物溶解性有机物的数量和光谱学特征

选取中亚热带米槠人促更新林(CCF)和杉木人工林(CLP)内的鲜叶、未分解层(L层)和半分解层(F层)凋落物为研究对象进行室内淋溶,对其淋溶液中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)、溶解性有机氮(DON)和溶解性有机磷(DOP)含量,紫外吸收值(SUVA),腐殖化指标(HIX)和红外光谱(FTIR)等进行了比较分析,以揭示其淋溶液中溶解性有机物(DOM)的数量和光谱学特征。结果表明:随着淋溶时间的增加,不同样品的DOM含量呈现先上升后下降,或者有波动的上升的趋势,这是因为DOM的释放和反吸附共同控制着DOM的含量。两林分中,F层凋落物DOM的SUVA值显著高于鲜叶和L层凋落物(P0.05);从鲜叶到L层到F层凋落物,其HIX逐渐变大并且三者荧光强度最大值对应的波长由短波向长波移动,这是腐殖化程度越来越高、电子共轭体系逐渐增大的体现。两个林分6种样品的红外光谱显示了5个相似的吸收谱带,但不同样品各吸收带的相对比例不同,强度最大的吸收来自于H键键合的—OH的伸缩振动;同一林分内3种样品之间红外吸收的差异证明了鲜叶到L层再到F层凋落物,其DOM的芳香类物质含量逐渐升高,化学键力常数变小。总体上,与杉木人工林相比,米槠人促更新林的DOM养分含量更高,结构更复杂,因而更有利于有机质的积累。     

蛋白质类医用高分子微生物合成的研究进展

蛋白质类医用高分子是一类重要的功能高分子材料,在生物医学领域有着广泛的应用。随着现代生物技术特别是分子生物学技术的发展,微生物合成医用高分子材料已成为可能。微生物合成除了大规模、低成本的特点外,还可对蛋白质高分子进行分子设计,从而赋予其新的材料性能,以满足不同的需要。该文综述了蛋白质类医用高分子（胶原与明胶、弹性蛋白、丝蛋白）微生物合成的研究进展,指出微生物合成的原理方法及应用现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

水处理絮凝剂研究与应用进展

水处理絮凝剂的发展经历了从最初的传统絮凝剂,到无机高分子絮凝剂,再到有机高分子絮凝剂;从简单的天然有机高分子絮凝剂,到合成的有机高分子絮凝剂,再到基于生态安全性的天然改性有机高分子絮凝剂;从单纯的无机或有机高分子絮凝剂,到有机 无机复合絮凝剂;从化学絮凝剂,再到具有生态安全性能的生物絮凝剂.为了促进水处理絮凝剂的迅速发展和实际应用,本文综述了水处理絮凝剂在国内外的研究进展与应用现状,重点对化学和微生物两大类絮凝剂分别阐述了其特点以及在水处理中的应用情况,并对其发展方向进行了分析和评价;尤其是针对目前我国絮凝剂研究与开发应用中的不足,对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议和设想.     

胶州湾滨海湿地土壤溶解性有机质的三维荧光特性

为了了解滨海湿地土壤中溶解性有机质的结构特征及来源,2014年1月在胶州湾采集光滩、碱蓬、芦苇和大米草湿地的土壤样品,测定土壤溶解性有机质(DOM)含量,利用三维荧光技术进行光谱分析.结果表明: 胶州湾4种湿地类型土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量表现为大米草湿地＞光滩＞碱蓬湿地＞芦苇湿地,垂直剖面上随土层深度的增加DOC含量均呈减少的趋势.经光谱分析,胶州湾湿地土壤DOM的三维荧光光谱(3DEEMs)中出现了B、T、A、D和C等5种荧光峰,分别代表类酪氨酸、类色氨酸、类富里酸、类可溶性微生物副产物和类腐殖酸5种组分.利用荧光区域积分(FRI)法对5种组分进行定量分析,类色氨酸、类富里酸和类酪氨酸在DOM各组分含量中居前3位,类可溶性微生物副产物和类腐殖酸的含量次之,二者含量差异不显著.DOM的5种组分相互之间均呈显著正相关,与DOC含量呈显著正相关,与总磷、有效磷、总氮有不同程度的相关性.胶州湾4种湿地类型土壤DOM主要由生物相互作用内源产生,且腐殖化程度较低.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.