转cry1Ab/1Ac,cry1C,cry2A基因水稻对田间稻纵卷叶螟及其捕食类天敌的影响

在转Bt基因水稻商业化之前需要评价其对靶标害虫及其天敌的影响.本研究连续2年在3个地点调查了3种转Bt水稻材料和非转基因水稻田间稻纵卷叶螟为害情况,稻纵卷叶螟及其4种捕食类天敌的种群密度、相对丰富度和种群动态.结果表明,水稻材料对卷叶率和稻纵卷叶螟幼虫种群密度有显著影响.非转基因水稻田间卷叶率显著高于3种转Bt基因水稻田.在调查期间,不同地点3种非转基因水稻田间稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的种群密度以及它在植食类功能团内的相对丰富度均显著高于3种转Bt基因水稻田.水稻材料、水稻材料×调查日期、水稻材料×调查年份、水稻材料×调查日期×调查年份对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的种群动态均有显著影响.但是,3种转Bt基因水稻材料和非转基因水稻田间4种捕食类天敌的相对丰富度、种群密度以及种群动态基本没有显著差异.从上述结果可推论,转Bt基因水稻中的Bt蛋白能明显抑制稻纵卷叶螟的发生,但对4种捕食类天敌没有显著影响.     

转Bt水稻对捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽种群动态的影响

【目的】为研究转Bt水稻对其非靶标害虫稻飞虱的主要捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis种群发生动态的影响。【方法】本研究以cry1Ac/cry1Ab融合基因型转Bt抗虫水稻"华恢1号"及其对照亲本"明恢63"为供试水稻,于2011、2012和2013连续3年在广西兴安县"转基因水稻试验基地"开展大田试验。【结果】与对照亲本稻田相比,转Bt水稻稻田黑肩绿盲蝽种群发生量有增加趋势,且在2012年出现极显著差异。此外,就被捕食者褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera而言,无论在水稻品种,年份还是两者交互作用之间都存在极显著差异;而就两种稻飞虱总量而言,只在不同年份间存在极显著差异,在水稻品种及两者交互作用间不存在显著性差异。进一步通过相关分析表明,2011—2013连续3年黑肩绿盲蝽与褐飞虱、白背飞虱和两者总虫量之间均存在极显著正相关关系。【结论】转Bt水稻稻田捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的数量较大,这与非靶标害虫褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群发生量较大有关。     

Bt水稻对田间非靶标害虫种群动态的影响

以转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻汕优63(以下简称汕优63/Bt)为材料,亲本汕优63(以下简称汕优63/CK)为对照,在田间自然感虫条件下研究汕优63/Bt对稻田几种非靶标害虫种群消长动态的影响。结果表明,汕优63/Bt上稻苞虫Pelopidas mathias(Fabricius)和稻眉眼蝶Mycalesis gotamaMoore幼虫数量都显著低于对照品种,但汕优63/Bt对稻苞虫的毒性强于稻眉眼蝶。汕优63/Bt上稻飞虱(白背飞虱Sogatellafurcifera(Horvath)和褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugens(Stal))混合种群数量通常与对照品种基本一致,在少数调查时间显著高于对照品种。相反,除少数调查时间与对照品种没有显著差异外,稻叶蝉(黑尾叶蝉Nephotettixcincticeps(Uhler)和二点黑尾叶蝉N.viriscens(Distant))混合种群数量通常显著高于对照品种。稻飞虱和叶蝉成为汕优63/Bt上的主要害虫。     

转Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac融合基因型抗虫水稻对田间二化螟和大螟种群发生动态的影响

以Bt水稻华恢1号(Cry1Ac和CryAb融合基因;简称HH1)及其对照亲本明恢63(简称MH63)稻田靶标害虫二化螟Chilosuppressalis和次靶标害虫大螟Sesamia inferens为研究对象,研究了转基因抗虫水稻大田螟虫发生规律及其靶标和次靶标害虫致害力差异。结果表明,Bt水稻及其对照亲本上二化螟或大螟的卵块数量差异不显著,同时,对照亲本上二化螟与大螟的落卵量差异不显著,但Bt水稻上二化螟的落卵量显著大于大螟。与对照亲本相比,Bt水稻上二化螟幼虫发生量显著降低,降幅高达84.9%—100%,但大螟发生量差异不显著;此外,对照亲本上二化螟幼虫发生量显著高于大螟,但Bt水稻上两者差异不显著。同时,Bt水稻上二化螟导致的枯心/白穗率和受害丛率都显著低于其在对照亲本上的致害程度,降幅分别为30.8%—98.3%和11.4%—96.6%,而大螟差异不显著。可见,Bt水稻对靶标害虫二化螟具有较高抗性,而对次靶标害虫大螟的抗性不明显。另一方面,Bt水稻和对照亲本上二化螟导致的枯心/白穗率和受害从率都显著高于大螟。可见,二化螟仍是当前非转基因水稻上的主要害虫,而Bt水稻对二化螟幼虫发生的显著抑制作用以及对大螟幼虫发生的不显著影响,使得其大面积商业化种植下靶标害虫二化螟和次靶标害虫大螟间的竞争替代成为可能。     

转基因抗虫水稻MSA和MSB对非靶标害虫褐飞虱和白背飞虱的影响

本文报道了转SCK+cry1Ac双基因抗虫水稻MSA和MSB对非靶标害虫褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens 和白背飞虱Sogatella fucifera生物学及田间发生动态的影响。与亲本明恢86相比,MSA对两种飞虱若虫发育历期、初羽化成虫鲜重、羽化率、短翅率、成虫产卵量、卵受精率、单雌子代数及发育进度等生物学指标均无明显影响,而MSB虽然对多数指标影响不明显,但可以引起白背飞虱初羽化雌虫鲜重与短翅率显著下降,还引起褐飞虱初羽化雄虫鲜重明显减轻。在近距离（株间距约 8 cm）寄主选择实验中,褐飞虱对MSA和MSB无明显选择性,而白背飞虱若虫和成虫均明显趋向两种转基因水稻。田间小区实验表明MSB上的稻飞虱（主要为白背飞虱）密度一般低于亲本明恢86,但差异不显著,提示转基因水稻MSB引发非靶标害虫稻飞虱灾变的风险较小。     

转 Bt 基因水稻对三化螟自然种群的影响

为了了解水稻重要害虫三化螟 Scirpophaga incertulas（Walker）对转 Bt 基因水稻产生抗性的潜在风险,本文利用自然种群生命表,研究了第 3 代三化螟在转Bt基因杂交稻汕优 63 及非转 Bt 基因杂交稻汕优 63 上的种群参数。结果表明：在 Bt 稻上1～2 龄幼虫的存活率为 4.03%,极显著低于非转基因 SY63（55.76%）;Bt 稻上幼虫为害率为1.75%,极显著低 于非转基因 SY63（5.98%）;Bt 稻上存活的幼虫发育历期明显长于非转 Bt SY63。     

湘桂走廊单双季稻混栽稻田稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱及其天敌的种群动态

2017年和2018年在处于湘桂走廊的广西兴安县设置田间小区试验,研究了单、双季稻混栽稻田中水稻"两迁"害虫及其天敌的种群动态。结果表明,早稻上稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée基本为迁入型,中稻上为迁入+本地繁殖型或迁出型,晚稻上为迁出型。稻纵卷叶螟的落卵量在5月底至6月下旬为全年高峰,集中在早稻拔节期至孕穗期;这导致早稻田6月下旬至7月初卷叶发生严重。鉴定到稻纵卷叶螟寄生性天敌11种,其中幼虫寄生主要发生在早稻和中稻前期。稻飞虱种群数量在早稻和中稻田较高,早中稻上以白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horváth为主,晚稻上以褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St?l为主。捕食性天敌种群数量在水稻生育期的中后期较高,前期较低;晚稻田的蛛虱比高达1.4-6.3。这些结果表明,单、双季稻混栽时,早稻和中稻上"两迁"害虫发生为害较重,晚稻上较轻;这与水稻生产季节前期迁入的"两迁"害虫数量高有关,也与生产季节中后期天敌的控害作用增强有关。     

CO2浓度倍增影响转Bt水稻非靶标害虫褐飞虱的生长发育及取食行为

近年来,大气CO₂浓度升高等全球气候变化和转Bt作物非靶标害虫抗虫性等问题备受关注.大气CO₂浓度升高直接或间接地影响植食性昆虫,而迄今为止有关大气CO₂浓度升高对刺吸式昆虫(同时也是转Bt作物的非靶标害虫)的影响结论不一,且对其刺吸取食行为的影响研究少有报道.本研究利用智能人工气候箱设置CO₂浓度,研究大气CO₂浓度倍增(800 μL·L^-1)对转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱取食行为及其生长发育和繁殖等的影响.结果表明: 大气CO₂浓度倍增对褐飞虱卵和若虫历期、成虫体质量和寿命,以及4龄和5龄若虫的刺吸取食行为等都具有显著影响,但对其繁殖力影响不显著.与对照CO₂浓度(400 μL·L^-1)相比,倍增CO₂浓度处理下褐飞虱的卵和若虫历期及雌成虫寿命分别显著缩短了4.0%、4.2%和6.6%;长翅型成虫比例显著增加了11.6%;初羽化成虫体质量降低,且雌成虫体质量显著降低了2.2%;此外,倍增CO₂浓度处理下褐飞虱4龄和5龄若虫口针的刺探效率都显著增加;其中,N4b波的持续时间分别显著延长了60.0%和50.1%,频次分别显著增加了230.0%和155.9%.可见,CO₂浓度倍增可通过提高褐飞虱的刺吸取食而促进其生长发育,并缩短其世代历期、提高长翅成虫比例,最终导致大气CO₂浓度升高下转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱发生危害严重,并面临其迁飞扩散为害加重的风险.     

CO2浓度倍增影响转Bt水稻非靶标害虫褐飞虱的生长发育及取食行为

近年来,大气CO₂浓度升高等全球气候变化和转Bt作物非靶标害虫抗虫性等问题备受关注.大气CO₂浓度升高直接或间接地影响植食性昆虫,而迄今为止有关大气CO₂浓度升高对刺吸式昆虫(同时也是转Bt作物的非靶标害虫)的影响结论不一,且对其刺吸取食行为的影响研究少有报道.本研究利用智能人工气候箱设置CO₂浓度,研究大气CO₂浓度倍增(800 μL·L^-1)对转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱取食行为及其生长发育和繁殖等的影响.结果表明: 大气CO₂浓度倍增对褐飞虱卵和若虫历期、成虫体质量和寿命,以及4龄和5龄若虫的刺吸取食行为等都具有显著影响,但对其繁殖力影响不显著.与对照CO₂浓度(400 μL·L^-1)相比,倍增CO₂浓度处理下褐飞虱的卵和若虫历期及雌成虫寿命分别显著缩短了4.0%、4.2%和6.6%;长翅型成虫比例显著增加了11.6%;初羽化成虫体质量降低,且雌成虫体质量显著降低了2.2%;此外,倍增CO₂浓度处理下褐飞虱4龄和5龄若虫口针的刺探效率都显著增加;其中,N4b波的持续时间分别显著延长了60.0%和50.1%,频次分别显著增加了230.0%和155.9%.可见,CO₂浓度倍增可通过提高褐飞虱的刺吸取食而促进其生长发育,并缩短其世代历期、提高长翅成虫比例,最终导致大气CO₂浓度升高下转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱发生危害严重,并面临其迁飞扩散为害加重的风险.     

水稻施用硅肥对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫取食和成虫产卵选择性的影响

采用感虫水稻品种TN1,设置3种施硅水平,即高硅(0.32 g Si/kg土壤)、低硅(0.16 g Si/kg土壤)和不施硅对照(0 g Si/kg土壤),研究了施用硅肥对稻纵卷叶螟产卵和取食选择性的影响。结果表明:稻纵卷叶螟幼虫对硅处理水稻叶片的取食选择性和成虫在硅处理水稻上的着卵量、着卵率均显著低于对照水稻。高硅处理水稻叶片中的硅含量、可溶性糖含量和碳氮比高于对照,而氮含量低于对照;低硅处理水稻叶片的碳氮比高于对照、氮含量低于对照。同时,硅处理显著降低水稻的卷叶株率和卷叶率。这些结果表明,施硅能增强稻纵卷叶螟对水稻的不选择性,从而增强水稻对稻纵卷叶螟的抗性。     

转基因抗虫水稻对水稻害虫群落的影响

本文应用吸虫器法与剥查法,研究了转Cry1Ac +SCK基因水稻及其杂交后代对水稻害虫群落的影响。结果显示：转Cry1Ac+SCK基因水稻MSA与MSB对稻纵卷叶螟具有极强的抗性,转Cry1Ac+SCK基因稻的杂交后代21S/MSB与Ⅱ32A/MSB都获得了对稻纵卷叶螟的高抗性。虽然MSA、MSB、21S/MSB与Ⅱ32A/MSB对水稻害虫的物种丰富度、个体数量、多样性与均匀度时间动态都有一定程度的影响,但生长全期的调查结果显示,与对应的对照比较,它们对水稻害虫群落的这些参数均无显著影响,且转基因水稻田与各自对照田在害虫与主要害虫物种组成上具有较高的相似性。靶标害虫种群数量的降低,并未对水稻害虫群落的组成与结构产生明显的影响,也没有引起优势种成分的变化。     

Baseline susceptibility of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in China

Geographic variability in susceptibility of field-collected Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was studied to establish a geographic baseline for comparison of future population responses to the increased use of B. thuringiensis-based insect control products. Colonies of C. medinalis were established from 10 populations collected from 10 different provinces in the major rice (Oryza savita L.)-growing regions of China. Populations were evaluated for their susceptibility to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab endotoxin proteins with the leaf-dip bioassay. The LC50 values to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab were estimated for the 10 populations. Bioassay results indicated that the ranges of LC50 in the second instars of C. medinalis to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab were from 3.77 to 208.22 mg ([AI])/liter and 0.22-7.05 mg ([AI])/liter, respectively. The relative ratios in susceptibility between the most susceptible and the most tolerant populations were beyond 50-fold for Cry1Ac and 30-fold for Cry1Ab. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between susceptibilities to the two toxins tested, suggesting that insect populations that are relatively tolerant to one protein are also relatively tolerant to the other.     

Resistance performances of transgenic bt rice lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice, Oryza sativa L., lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 expressing Cry2A* and Cry1C* from 'Minhui 63' (MH63) were evaluated for resistance to newly hatched and third-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by using detached leaf laboratory bioassays. Both T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 rice showed high C. medinalis resistance; however, the lethal time (LT)50 of larvae fed with T(2A)-1 rice was significantly longer than that of larvae fed with T1c-19 rice, implying T1c-19 rice was more toxic to C. medinalis larvae. Larval mortality after 4 d on nitrogen-free MH63 was 25.5% compared with 2.4% mortality on high nitrogen fertilizer (250 kg N/ha) plants. Larval mortality on high nitrogen T(2A)-1 plants declined by 20% compared with nitrogen-free plants. However, resistance in T1c-19 plants was unaffected by nitrogen fertilizer. C. medinalis moths preferred MH63 at both the seedling and grain milk stages for oviposition but not the T1c-19 and T(2A)-1 Bt rice lines.     

Efficacy of transgenic rice expressing Cry1Ac and CpTI against the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)

Detached leaf bioassays, open field tests and cage tests were conducted to evaluate the control efficacy of two transgenic rice lines, expressing Cry1Ac and CpTI, against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) during 2005-2006 in Fuzhou, China. Bioassay results showed that cumulative feeding areas of C. medinalis on transgenic lines were significantly lower than that on control rice lines at different developmental stages. The corrected mortalities at 96 h after infestation on transgenic lines during six rice growth stages were >90% and 100% during experiments conducted in 2005 and 2006, respectively. In the open field test, there was no significant difference in egg density between transgenic and control lines during early days of infestation, but significant differences were detected in late season, due to serious damage on control lines. Larval densities on control lines were significantly higher than the low larval populations observed on transgenic lines during both seasons. The percentages of plants with folded leaves and percentages of folded leaves on transgenic lines were significantly lower than that on control lines with and without insecticide applications, during the entire season. In cage tests the cumulative numbers of C. medinalis adults derived from transgenic lines were significantly lower than that from control lines with and without insecticide treatments. The high level of efficacy of the two transgenic rice lines against C. medinalis may provide an important basis for reduced insecticide applications, an expansion of alternative pest-control strategies and insect resistance management of Bt rice in the future.     

Impacts of nitrogen fertilizer on major insect pests and their predators in transgenic Bt rice lines T2A‐1 and T1C‐19

Nitrogen is a critical factor for plant development and nitrogen input is one of the important tactics to enhance the development and yield of crops. Nevertheless, nitrogen input could influence the occurrence of insects positively or negatively. Nitrogen is also one of the main elements composing the insecticidal crystal (Cry) protein. Cry protein production could affect nitrogen partitioning in Bt plants and as such nitrogen input may influence insect pest management in transgenic Bt rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae). To test this possibility, we evaluated the impacts of nitrogen regimes on the main insect pests and their predators on two Bt rice lines, T2A‐1 and T1C‐19, expressing Cry2A and Cry1C, respectively, and their non‐transgenic parental counterpart MH63. The results showed that Cry proteins with different nitrogen regimes have enough insecticidal activity on rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in both laboratory and field experiments. Laboratory studies indicated that relevant parameters of ecological fitness in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a non‐target insect pest, were significantly affected by nitrogen input both on Bt and MH63 rice lines. Nymphal survival, female adult longevity, and egg hatchability in N. lugens differed significantly among rice varieties. The experiments conducted in rice fields also demonstrated that nitrogen was positively correlated with the abundance of N. lugens on Bt rice, similar to that on MH63 rice. The abundances of two predators – the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus (Boesenberg & Strand) (Araneae: Lycosidae) and the bug Cyrthorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) – were significantly affected by rice growth stages but not by nitrogen input and rice varieties. In conclusion, the above results indicate that high nitrogen regimes for Bt rice (T2A‐1 and T1C‐19) and non‐Bt rice (MH63) cannot facilitate the management of insect pests.     

Cry1Ab蛋白对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫体内三种保护酶活性的影响

室内采用酶活力测定方法研究转B t基因水稻表达的Cry1Ab蛋白对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫体内3种保护酶(AChE、SOD和CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,用转B t基因水稻处理稻纵卷叶螟幼虫,饲喂4 h、36 h后,其体内AChE活力分别比对照增加了52.09%、128.51%,并且都极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组;取食转基因水稻叶片4 h后,幼虫体内SOD酶活性比对照提高了91.5%,与对照有显著差异;36 h后活性达到最大值,但与对照差异不显著。取食转基因水稻叶片24 h后,幼虫体内CAT酶活性达到最大值且高于对照,但与对照差异不显著;48 h后酶活性受到显著抑制,与对照差异显著。同时,测定了幼虫体内及其粪便中Cry1Ab蛋白含量的变化,结果表明,取食转基因水稻叶片12 h后,进入体内的Cry1Ab蛋白随粪便排出,幼虫体内的Cry1Ab蛋白含量一直低于粪便中的含量,且在24 h时两者差异达到最大。由于Cry1Ab蛋白在幼虫体内的积累,扰乱了稻纵卷叶螟幼虫体内AChE、SOD和C AT保护酶的动态平衡,使虫体内自由基的清除遇到障碍,从而对其产生毒害作用。     

Effect of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on mortality and feeding behavior of rice stem borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Ten transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Bt rice, Oryza sativa L., lines with different Bt genes (two Cry1Ac lines, three Cry2A lines, and five Cry9C lines) derived from the same variety Minghui 63 were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. Bioassays were conducted by using the first instars of two main rice lepidopteran insect species: yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). All transgenic lines exhibited high toxicity to these two rice borers. Field evaluation results also showed that all transgenic lines were highly insect resistant with both natural infestation and manual infestation of the neonate larvae of S. incertulas compared with the nontransformed Minghui63. Bt protein concentrations in leaves of 10 transgenic rice lines were estimated by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cry9C gene had the highest expression level, next was cry2A gene, and the cry1Ac gene expressed at the lowest level. The feeding behavior of 7-d-old Asiatic rice borer to three classes of Bt transgenic rice lines also was detected by using rice culm cuttings. The results showed that 7-d-old larvae of Asiatic rice borer have the capacity to distinguish Bt and non-Bt culm cuttings and preferentially fed on non-Bt cuttings. When only Bt culm cuttings with three classes of different Bt proteins (CrylAc, Cry2A, and Cry9C) were fed, significant distribution difference of 7-d-old Asiatic rice borer in culm cuttings of different Bt proteins also was found. In the current study, we evaluate different Bt genes in the same rice variety in both the laboratory and the field, and also tested feeding behavior of rice insect to these Bt rice. These data are valuable for the further development of two-toxin Bt rice and establishment of appropriate insect resistance management in the future.     

2008年永福县早稻田稻纵卷叶螟发生动态及虫源性质

2008年通过调查和雌蛾卵巢解剖研究广西区永福县早稻田稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)的发生动态和田间种群的虫源性质。结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟在永福县早稻田可发生4代。稻纵卷叶螟第1、2代属于基本迁入型;第3代性质较为复杂,属于本地繁殖型,既有迁入又有迁出;第4代为本地繁殖、大部分迁出型。对暴雨期间稻纵卷叶螟田间蛾量消长的研究表明,短时期的暴雨水淹对全县稻纵卷叶螟的田间蛾量消长总的影响不明显,但不同水淹情况的田块间虫量存在显著差异。还分析讨论2008年永福县早稻田稻纵卷叶螟暴发成灾的原因。     

多年种植Bt稻后外源蛋白在土壤中的积累

外源蛋白在环境中的残留与积累是转Bt基因作物环境安全评价的重要内容之一。我国已育成多个具有商业化前景的Bt稻品系,但目前多年种植Bt稻后Bt外源蛋白是否会在土壤中积累还不清楚。本研究在同一试验田连续9年种植了转cry1Ab/1Ac基因明恢63(华恢1号)和转cry2A基因明恢63水稻,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)跟踪监测了分蘖期和收获后60 d根际土中外源蛋白含量变化,试验第1年(2012年)和最后1年(2020年)还测定了苗期、开花期和成熟期根际土中外源蛋白含量。结果表明: 2012年,转cry1Ab/1Ac基因明恢63在苗期、分蘖期、开花期、成熟期和收获后60 d根际土中外源蛋白含量分别为1.25、1.77、1.97、1.71和0.30 ng·g^-1,2020年分别为1.30、1.69、2.03、1.77和0.43 ng·g^-1;2012年,转cry2A基因明恢63在苗期、分蘖期、开花期、成熟期和收获后60 d根际土中外源蛋白含量分别为0.91、1.52、1.53、1.37和0.12 ng·g^-1,2020年分别为0.95、1.43、1.61、1.40和0.15 ng·g^-1。多因素方差分析显示,时间效应对Bt外源蛋白积累不显著,而品种和生育期效应显著。Bt稻生长过程中根际土中可以检测出微量的Bt外源蛋白,但收获后60 d已经基本降解完毕,根际土中Bt外源蛋白含量不会随着种植时间的增加而累积。