放松训练对老年冠心病介入治疗患者围手术期心理应激干预效果研究

目的:探讨放松训练对老年冠心病介入治疗患者围手术期心理应激的干预效果。方法:选择2013年7月至2014年1月在某院接受介入治疗的老年冠心病患者120例为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组,各60例。对照组接受手术治疗和常规护理,干预组在对照组治疗方案的基础上采用放松训练进行围手术期心理干预。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和生活满意度量表(SWLS)施测,并进行比较分析。结果:手术后放松训练干预组焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量评分比手术前明显下降[(39.28±2.32),(41.68±2.76),(8.97±2.11)vs.(48.78±5.11),(54.37±6.68),(10.88±2.21),均P<0.01],显著低于对照组[(44.78±4.09),(49.08±3.58),(10.40±1.87)vs.(48.83±5.28),(54.40±3.72),(10.87±2.86),均P<0.01]。放松训练干预组手术后与手术前睡眠质量各分量表比较,除"催眠药物"和"日间功能障碍"2个因子外,其余各因子均有显著差异(均P<0.05)。放松训练干预组术后生活满意度量表评分明显高于术前[(23.27±4.61)vs.(20.17±4.99),P<0.01],显著高于对照组[(21.15±4.16)vs.(19.90±4.38),P<0.01]。结论:放松训练心理干预技术对接受介入治疗的老年冠心病患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪和睡眠质量具有良好的缓解和改善作用,可以降低患者的心理应激程度,提高患者术后的生活质量。     

认知护理干预在肝癌患者术后恢复中具有显著的疗效

为探讨认知护理干预对肝癌患者术后恢复的影响,本研究选取接受肝癌手术患者150例为观察对象,其中接受认知护理干预的患者84例,为观察组,接受普通护理的患者66例,为对照组。观察患者的疾病不确定感、疼痛程度、焦虑与抑郁(SAS与SDS)、生活质量和睡眠质量,评价认知干预对患者的影响。研究发现两组患者护理前疾病不确定感、SAS和SDS评分、睡眠质量和生活质量均无显著差异;护理后,观察组的疾病不确定感、SAS和SDS评分均极显著低于对照组(p<0.01),而睡眠质量和生活质量均显著高于对照组(p<0.01),观察组中度疼痛和重度疼痛患者明显少于对照组。研究表明认知护理干预有助于肝癌患者术后的恢复。     

早期干预对早产儿脑损伤预后的临床观察

目的:探讨早期联合干预对脑损伤早产儿智能及运动发育的影响。方法:80例存在脑损伤的早产儿随机分为干预组与对照组,每组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗与保健指导,干预组在此基础上联合神经节苷脂治疗与早期康复训练,定期随访两年,观察比较患儿纠正胎龄40周时神经行为评分(NBNA),智力及运动发育情况。结果:干预组患儿纠正胎龄40周NBNA评分为33.04±1.12,对照组NBNA评分为30.95±0.88,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组MDI与PDI指数分别于9月龄始和6月龄始显著高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05);1岁时进行Gesell智力发育检查,干预组大运动、精细动作、适应性、语言、个人-社会交往等五个能区情况均明显好于对照组(P<0.01);干预组17.5%的后遗症发生率显著低于对照组32.5%的发生率(P<0.01)。结论:联合早期干预治疗可有效促进脑损伤早产儿神经系统功能修复,改善智能及运动发育,减少后遗症发生。     

协同护理干预对心肌梗死患者康复及照顾者的生活质量和照顾能力的影响

目的：探讨协同护理对心肌梗死患者康复及照顾着生活质量的护理效果。方法：选取60例心肌梗死患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各30例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用协同护理进行干预,观察两组患者在死亡、再梗死、梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常、心力衰竭等临床并症状及生活自理能力方面的差异,采用总体健康状况量表及照顾能力测量表评价干预前后照顾者生活质量与照顾能力。结果：两组患者生活自理能力无差异（P〉0．05）,试验组梗死后心绞痛的发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）;试验组照顾者的照顾能力及生活质量显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：协同护理能明显提高心肌梗死患者照顾者的照顾能力及生活质量,利于患者康复。     

Effects of emotion-oriented care on elderly people with cognitive impairment and behavioral problems in residential homes

This study investigates the effects of emotion-oriented care on the behavior of elderly people with cognitive impairment and behavioral problems. This approach is mainly based on the validation approach, but uses also insights from other approaches like reminiscence and sensory stimulation. Sixteen homes for the aged with structured day care units were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. 151 Residents with cognitive impairment and behavioral problems were included in the study. The eight intervention homes received a training program with regard to emotion-oriented care. In the eight control homes usual care was continued. Measurements were performed at baseline and after three, six and twelve months of follow-up (assessment by caregivers and relatives). The primary outcome measure was the change in behavior of the residents. The results of multilevel analyses (overall, subgroup and per protocol) showed no statistically significant, nor clinically relevant effects in favor of the intervention group on the behavioral outcome measures. A possible reason for this is that the intervention did not result in significant contrast between the study groups. There is insufficient scientific evidence yet to justify the implementation of emotion-oriented care in residential homes, for residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment and behavioral problems, on a large scale. Additional studies are needed in which special attention should be given to the implementation process.     

膀胱训练联合生物反馈电刺激改善前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能和生活质量的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨膀胱训练联合生物反馈电刺激改善前列腺癌根治术（RP）后患者控尿功能和生活质量的临床疗效。方法：本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2019年5月~2022年6月期间暨南大学附属第一医院收治的RP术后患者90例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各为45例。在常规干预的基础上,对照组接受膀胱训练,研究组接受膀胱训练联合生物反馈电刺激干预。观察两组临床疗效、尿失禁程度、尿动力学指标和生活质量。结果：研究组的临床总有效率（95.56%）高于对照组（77.78%）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预4周后,两组漏尿次数、对日常生活的影响程度、漏尿量、尿失禁问卷表简表（ICI-Q-SF）总分均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预4周后,两组最大尿流率（Qmax）、最大膀胱容量（MCC）、最大尿道闭合压（MUCP）和腹压漏尿点压（VLPP）均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预4周后,两组尿失禁生活质量问卷（I-QOL）评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：膀胱训练联合生物反馈电刺激可有效改善RP术后患者控尿功能,提高临床治疗效果,并有助于生活质量的提升。     

药学干预对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间恶心呕吐和生活质量影响的研究

目的:探讨药学干预对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间恶心呕吐和生活质量的影响。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究,共入组87例乳腺癌术后患者。在接受辅助化疗前随机分为干预组(n=44)和对照组(n=43),干预组患者在接受化疗和常规支持治疗的同时,针对化疗引起的恶心呕吐由临床药师对患者进行咨询并指导用药,优化对症治疗方案,对照组仅接受化疗和常规支持治疗。比较两组患者对止吐药物的完全反应率、恶心严重程度、呕吐频次和生活质量。结果:化疗的前3个周期两组对止吐药物的完全缓解率分别为37.2%和63.6%,46.5%和75.0%,44.2%和72.7%,干预组完全缓解率明显高于对照组(P=0.014,P=0.006,P=0.007)。干预组的急性和迟发性恶心较对照组轻(P=0.023,P=0.045),急性和迟发性呕吐频率较对照组明显减少(P=0.006,P=0.034)。生活质量测评显示干预组患者的总健康状况较对照组升高(P=0.028),恶心、呕吐和食欲丧失的症状评分较对照组降低(P=0.025,P=0.045)。结论:临床药师对乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间进行药学干预可明显减轻患者恶心、呕吐的副反应,并可改善生活质量。临床药师参与乳腺癌患者辅助化疗期间的对症治疗值得在临床广泛推广。     

Nutritional treatment of aged individuals with Alzheimer's disease living at home with their spouses: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status often deteriorates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about whether nutritional care reverses malnutrition and its harmful consequences in AD. The aim of this study is to examine whether individualized nutritional care has an effect on weight, nutrition, health, physical functioning, and quality of life in older individuals with AD and their spouses living at home. METHODS: AD patients and their spouses (aged >65 years) living at home (n = 204, 102 AD patients) were recruited using central AD registers in Finland. The couples were randomized into intervention and control groups. A trained nutritionist visited intervention couples four to eight times at their homes and the couples received tailored nutritional care. When necessary, the couples were given protein and nutrient-enriched complementary drinks. All intervention couples were advised to take vitamin D 20 mug/day. The intervention lasted for 1 year. The couples of the control group received a written guide on nutrition of older people. Participants in the intervention group were assessed every 3 months. The primary outcome measure is weight change. Secondary measures are the intake of energy, protein, and other nutrients, nutritional status, cognition, caregiver's burden, depression, health-related quality of life, and grip strength. DISCUSSION: This study provides data on whether tailored nutritional care is beneficial to home-dwelling AD patients and their spouses. Trial registration ACTRN 12611000018910.     

Behind the screens: care staff observations on delivery of oral health care in nursing homes

Objective: To identify qualitatively carer staff attitudes, practices and clinical comments related to oral health care of functionally dependent nursing home clients. Design: Open-ended questions included in a longer quantitative questionnaire. Setting: 22 randomly selected nursing homes in the Bristol area. Subjects: 416 carers employed in these homes. Results: The majority of carers thought that clients had a right to good oral health, accepted the carers' role in helping clients with oral and denture hygiene, but recognised that oral health care provision was deficient. However, some carers believed oral health care to be solely the clients' responsibility despite high disability levels. Main barriers to providing oral health care were low prioritisation of oral health by nursing management, lack of co-operation from cognitively impaired clients, and lack of training. Carers were critical of homes' lack of arrangements for routine professional dental cheeks, lack of commitment to staff training, low standards of oral health care by colleagues, and lack of provision of oral hygiene aids and cleansing materials for clients. Many responses indicated ways in which nursing home oral health care could be improved. Carers reported contrasting experiences of dental treatment, and deplored recent decreased availability of subsidised dental care. Conclusions: Carers' generally positive attitudes towards clients' oral health care should encourage health educators. Insights gained from qualitative data can help to identify the less obvious causes for poor oral care delivery, which can then be addressed in education and training initiatives in nursing home settings.     

不同护理模式对维持性血液透析患者透析依从性与生活质量的影响

目的探讨不同护理模式对维持性血液透析患者透析治疗依从性与生活质量的影响。方法将行维持性血液透析的患者80例,根据护理模式的不同分为对照组与研究组各40例,对照组采用常规护理模式,研究组采用协同护理模式,两组均干预4个月,并对两组患者干预前后进行透析依从性量表、简明健康调查表(SF-36)、护理满意度进行问卷调查,分析干预前后两组患者透析依从性、生活质量变化及对护理满意度情况。结果与干预前比较,干预后研究组患者在透析依从性评分、SF-36评分及护理满意度方面均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);而且与对照组比较差异亦有显著统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论协同护理模式可显著提高维持性血液透析患者的血透治疗依从性及生活质量,提高了护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

国际功能、残疾和健康分类理念下的作业训练对脑卒中患者认知功能、心理状态和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)理念下的作业训练对脑卒中患者认知功能、心理状态和生活质量的影响。方法:选取我院2018年1月~2020年1月收治的脑卒中患者140例,根据随机数字表法,分成观察组(n=70)、对照组(n=70)。对照组行常规作业训练,观察组采用基于ICF理念下的作业训练。两组均观察3个月,分别在干预前、干预3个月后,经蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MOCA)评价两组认知功能的变化。经抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)分析患者的焦虑、抑郁情况。经Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)、功能综合评定量表(FCA)评估患者运动功能、综合功能。利用健康状态调查量表(SF-36)评估两组生活质量。结果:两组干预后MOCA评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预后SDS、SAS评分低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预后FMA、FCA评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组干预后SF-36各维度评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于ICF理念下的作业训练能进一步改善脑卒中患者的认知功能以及心理状态,且有利于提升运动功能与综合功能,改善生活质量。     

Management of Obesity in Primary Care

SIMKIN-SILVERMAN, LAUREY R, RENA R WING. Management of obesity in primary care. Obesity is one of the most common presenting chronic medical conditions in primary care, yet it is not adequately treated. Physicians are often reluctant to counsel patients because of their limited training in treating chronic weight problems and negative attitudes toward obese patients. This study evaluated the feasibility of training physicians to provide weight control counseling to their patients. Eleven physicians were randomly assigned to either an obesity-counseling skills training group or to a control group. Physicians in the counseling skills group received training in behavioral and motivational weight control techniques using a five-step patient-centered model; they were also given patient materials for use in their practice. To evaluate pretraining to posttraining changes in physician counseling behavior, independent samples of patients with obesity were surveyed immediately after their visit to the physician's office. Physicians in both the counseling skills training and the control groups discussed weight with 42% to 47% of their patients at baseline. This increased to 89% in physicians who received training, whereas it remained at 42% in control physicians. Scores on a counseling measure also significantly increased from a mean of 2. 7 to 9. 9 in the counseling group, whereas scores in the control group remained low and stable (2. 3 and 1. 9, respectively). The training program was effective in improving the frequency and quality of counseling that physicians delivered to their patients with obesity. Future research is needed to evaluate the effect of physician counseling on the weight and physical activity level of their patients.     

早期下床活动联合髋部周围肌肉抗阻训练对老年全髋关节置换术后患者髋关节功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察早期下床活动联合髋部周围肌肉抗阻训练对老年全髋关节置换术（THA）后患者髋关节功能和生活质量的影响。方法：选取我院2018年2月~2020年8月期间收治的老年THA患者83例。使用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和联合组,例数分别为41例和42例,分别接受早期下床活动、早期下床活动联合髋部周围肌肉抗阻训练干预,对比两组睡眠质量、疼痛情况、生活自理能力、术后多个时点的髋关节功能评分、生活质量,并观察两组并发症发生情况。结果：两组干预后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分较干预前下降,Barthel指数（BI）评分较干预前升高,且联合组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月Harris人工髋关节功能评分逐渐升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后心理功能、物质生活状态、社会功能、躯体功能评分较干预前升高,且联合组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：早期下床活动联合髋部周围肌肉抗阻训练可促进老年THA后患者髋关节功能恢复,减轻患者术后疼痛,改善睡眠质量,进而提高患者的生活质量,预防相关并发症的发生,改善预后。     

在320排螺旋CT双下肢动脉成像中的护理配合效应

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）在行双下肢动脉血管成像过程中,护理配合对的图像质量的影响。方法：将138例患者分为护理组（82例）及对照组（56例）,分别进行320排螺旋CT双下肢血管造影检查,经高压团注造影剂欧乃派克,进行三维重组,获取容积再观（VR）、曲面重组（CPR）和最大密度投影（MIP）图像。对照组的患者只进行口头的训练,没有其他的护理干预措施;实验组进行一系列的护理干预以提高患者的配合,减低在成像过程中的非生理性运动。用工作站进行图像后处理,显示双下肢动脉图像,对其图像质量和影响因素进行分析,并在检查过程中的护理干预加以总结。结果：对照组有2例患者穿刺部位不合理而影响图像质量,对双下肢的病变显示具有一定的影响,3例患者注射压力过高引起外渗,流速在2.5-3.5 ml/s,影响了图像的清晰度,其余均获得满意效果。结论：良好的护理配合有利于320排CT双下肢成像的顺利进行,精心的护理操作是取得检查成功的动脉成像保证。     

Multifaceted shared care intervention for late life depression in residential care: randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a population based, multifaceted shared care intervention for late life depression in residential care.DesignRandomised controlled trial, with control and intervention groups studied one after the other and blind follow up after 9.5 months.SettingPopulation of residential facility in Sydney living in self care units and hostels.Participants220 depressed residents aged ⩾65 without severe cognitive impairment.InterventionThe shared care intervention included: (a) multidisciplinary consultation and collaboration, (b) training of general practitioners and carers in detection and management of depression, and (c) depression related health education and activity programmes for residents. The control group received routine care.ResultsIntention to treat analysis was used. There was significantly more movement to “less depressed” levels of depression at follow up in the intervention than control group (Mantel-Haenszel stratification test, P=0.0125). Multiple linear regression analysis found a significant intervention effect after controlling for possible confounders, with the intervention group showing an average improvement of 1.87 points on the geriatric depression scale compared with the control group (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 2.97, P=0.0011).ConclusionsThe outcome of depression among elderly people in residential care can be improved by multidisciplinary collaboration, by enhancing the clinical skills of general practitioners and care staff, and by providing depression related health education and activity programmes for residents.

Key messages

• Large numbers of depressed elderly people live in residential care but few receive appropriate management
• A population based, multifaceted shared care intervention for late life depression was more effective than routine care in improving depression outcome
• The outcome of late life depression can be improved by enhancing the clinical skills of general practitioners and care staff and by providing depression related health education and activity programmes for residents
• The intervention needs further refining and evaluation to improve its effectiveness and to determine how best to implement it in other residential care settings

     

Improved Health among People Living with HIV/AIDS Who Received Packages of Proven Preventive Health Interventions,Amhara, Ethiopia

In 2009, basic care packages (BCP) containing health products were distributed to HIV-infected persons in Ethiopia who were clients of antiretroviral therapy clinics. To measure health impact, we enrolled clients from an intervention hospital and comparison hospital, and then conducted a baseline survey, and 7 bi-weekly home visits. We enrolled 405 intervention group clients and 344 comparison clients. Intervention clients were more likely than comparison clients to have detectable chlorine in stored water (40% vs. 1%, p<0.001), soap (51% vs. 36%, p<0.001), and a BCP water container (65% vs. 0%, p<0.001) at every home visit. Intervention clients were less likely than comparison clients to report illness (44% vs. 67%, p<0.001) or health facility visits for illness (74% vs. 95%, p<0.001), and had lower median illness scores (1.0 vs. 3.0, p<0.05). Participation in the BCP program appeared to improve reported health outcomes.     

同步实施家属健康教育对甲状腺癌手术患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨同步实施家属健康教育对甲状腺癌手术患者生活质量的影响,为改善甲状腺癌手术患者的生活质量提供可能的途径。方法:选择78例甲状腺癌手术患者及其家属作为研究对象,并将其随机分为对照组和干预组,每组39例,对照组给予常规治疗、护理及健康教育;干预组在接受常规治疗、护理及健康教育的同时,同步对其家属实施健康教育。分别于健康教育干预前、干预1个月、6个月后采用生活质量问卷(QL-Index)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价和比较两组患者的生活质量评分和抑郁症状评分。结果:健康教育干预1个月、6个月后,干预组的角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能、总体生活质量得分均显著高于干预前(P<0.05),且高于同时点的对照组(P<0.05);干预组的抑郁症状评分均显著低于干预前(P<0.05),且明显低于同时点的对照组(P<0.05)。结论:同步实施家属健康教育可以显著提高甲状腺癌手术患者的生活质量,并降低患者的抑郁水平。     

Enhancing Personal Wellness in Counselor Trainees Using Biofeedback: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study was to explore whether biofeedback-assisted relaxation training could reduce stress-related symptoms and enhance personal well-being in a group of counselor trainees enrolled in a basic counseling skills course. Treatment participants received ten sessions of weekly biofeedback-assisted relaxation training, whereas the control participants received no intervention. The treatment group showed, significant improvements in several symptom areas measured by the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised: physical complaints (Somatization), personal inadequacy (Interpersonal Sensitivity), confused thinking or alienation or both (Psychoticism), and the overall number and severity of symptoms (Global Severity Index and Positive Symptom Total). The control participants showed no significant improvements in any symptom areas. Biofeedback-assisted relaxation was shown to be an effective stress-reducing intervention for counselor trainees, which resulted in a greater sense of personal well-being.