软腐欧氏杆菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统对harpin蛋白的识别与分泌

本文研究软腐欧氏杆菌分泌致病蛋白的Ⅲ型分泌系统的组分是否能识别梨火疫欧氏杆菌存在于mRNA上的分泌识别信号。用PCR的方法,将带有上游75bp可以在其mRNA的5′端形成一个典型的作为Ⅲ型分泌识别信号的茎环结构的梨火疫欧氏杆菌的诱导植物过敏反应的harpin的基因hrpN,从带有hrp基因簇的质粒pCPP430上克隆到pGEM\|T载体上,获得重组质粒pWGF1,经化学法转化到hrpN基因的转座突变体DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-)中,同时将pWGF1电击转化到胡萝卜软腐欧氏杆菌Se9R中,转化子的无细胞抽提物(CFEP)经Western\|blot检测到harpin蛋白已被表达;带有双重质粒的DH5α(pCPP430hrpN-/pWGF1)在番茄植物上可以引起过敏反应,Se9R(pWGF1)在大白菜上的致病力明显低于Se9R,初步表明一种植物病菌的harpin蛋白可被另外一种病菌的Ⅲ型分泌系统所识别、分泌并保持生物活性。     

重组生防菌308R(pKSH)的遗传稳定性研究

工程菌308R（pKSH）携带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的hrpN基因,能产生并分泌诱导植物抗病性蛋白-Harpin。该工程菌在无选择压培养基中生长50代,带有重组质粒pKSH的细胞占总菌量的23．1％,对照菌308R（pCPP430）的细胞占4．75％。将工程菌和对照菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条件下的13d内,叶面菌量维持在10^5cfu／cm^2以上,自然条件下的5d内,菌量维持在10^4cfu／cm^2以上,其间308R（pKSH）的稳定性一直高于对照菌。因此证明工程菌308R（pKSH）比对照菌308R（pCPP430）稳定性有所提高,但还是不够理想。讨论了该工程菌不稳定的原因以及改进途径。     

重组生防菌308R(pKSH)的遗传稳定性研究*

工程菌308R(pKSH)携带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的hrpN基因,能产生并分泌诱导植物抗病性蛋白-Harpin。该工程菌在无选择压培养基中生长50代,带有重组质粒pKSH的细胞占总菌量的23.1%,对照菌308R(pCPP430)的细胞占4·75%。将工程菌和对照菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条件下的13d内,叶面菌量维持在10⁵cfu/cm²以上,自然条件下的5d内,菌量维持在10⁴cfu/cm²以上,其间308     

产harpin的成团泛菌工程菌308R(pCPP430)遗传稳定性的研究*

成团泛菌工程菌３０８Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的与过敏反应和致病性有关的基因簇 （ｈｒｐ）,可以产生能诱导植物抗病性的蛋白质ｈａｒｐｉｎ。该工程菌在ＬＢ液体培养基中生长５０代后,带有重 组质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０的细胞占总菌量的 １％,带有载体ｐＣＰＰ９的细胞为４６％。工程菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条 件下叶面菌量维持在 １０^５ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２以上,其中带有 ｐＣＰＰ４３０质粒的菌维持在 ４０％以上,带有 ｐＣＰＰ９载体的 菌维持在８０％以上。因此,携带ｈｒｐ基因簇的质粒ｐＣＰＰ４     

产harpin的成团泛菌工程菌308R（pCPP430）遗传稳定性的研究

成团泛菌工程菌３０８Ｒ（ｐＣＰＰ４３０）带有梨火疫欧文氏杆菌的与过敏反应和致病性有关的基因簇 （ｈｒｐ）,可以产生能诱导植物抗病性的蛋白质ｈａｒｐｉｎ。该工程菌在ＬＢ液体培养基中生长５０代后,带有重 组质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０的细胞占总菌量的 １％,带有载体ｐＣＰＰ９的细胞为４６％。工程菌喷雾到番茄叶面,保湿条 件下叶面菌量维持在 １０５ｃｆｕ／ｃｍ２以上,其中带有 ｐＣＰＰ４３０质粒的菌维持在 ４０％以上,带有 ｐＣＰＰ９载体的 菌维持在８０％以上。因此,携带ｈｒｐ基因簇的质粒ｐＣＰＰ４３０在宿主菌中是不稳定的。文中讨论了改进工 程菌遗传稳定性的途径。     

转座子Tn5096对刺孢吸水链霉菌北京变种RF220转座的诱变

用大肠杆菌/链霉菌穿梭质粒pCZA168(bla,tsr,Tn5096,ColEI rep,Strep repts)多次转化农抗120产生菌刺孢吸水链霉菌北京变种(S.Streptomyces hygrospinocus var. beijingensis)RF220的原生质体,均未得到转化子。来自吸水链霉菌应城变种(S.Streptomyces hygroscopicus var.)10-22突变株的链霉菌质粒pIJ702(tsr mel+)可以转化RF220,但转化频率只有数十个转化子/μgDNA。用来自RF220本身的pIJ702对消除pIJ702后的RF220的原生质体进行了再转化,转化率没有明显的提高。用氨苄青霉素和甘氨酸协同处理RF220的菌丝体,并经-70℃冷冻原生质体再转化,得到了4个pCZA168的转化子。质粒提取、酶切、抗性测定表明：4个转化子中pCZA168中大肠杆菌DNA部分均被切除,成为大小约50～60kb的小质粒,命名为pWZH102(tsr,Tn5096,strep repts)。用pWZH102上的转座子Tn5096对RF220进行转座实验,在168个转座个体中,有2株可能为抗生素生物合成阻断变株,另有产生抗生素水平各异的变株,说明Tn5096的转座可以引起表型的不同变化。     

一种快速提取大质粒的方法

本文介绍一种快速提取大质粒的方法。应用该方法,对含有pTA1,R68.45,RP(?)Tn501,pUB307,RP_4,pJRD215和pTr30质粒的多能硫杆菌(Thiabacillus versius)、氧化硫硫杆菌(Thiobacillus thiooxidans)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)进行了质粒提取。结果表明,该方法提取的质粒条带清晰,分辨率高,而且重复性好。     

产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌的某些特性研究*

研究了产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌(Enterobacter cloacae E4)在番茄、烟草叶片上的致过敏能力及该菌所携的双质粒的稳定性。试验结果表明:E4与DH5(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本相同。E4与308R(pCPP430)相比,烟草上它们致过敏能力的速度基本一致,但308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的强度更强,在番茄叶片上,E4和308R(pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本一样。E4所携的双质粒pCPP430和pMC73A在宿主细菌中是不稳定的,在宿     

青霉素G酰化酶操纵子的负调控因子的研究

青霉素G酰化酶(PA)操纵子的调节基因(pacR)存在于青霉素G酰化酶结构基因(pac)内部Dral-Taql一段约500bp的DNA片段内,此片段内含有2个ORF。2个ORF及其突变体分别克隆到pUC18得到一系列重组质粒,用这些重组质粒转化青霉素G酰化酶产生菌E.coliD816,测定克隆片段对PA表达的影响。如果克隆片段含有具功能的pacR,诱导剂苯乙酸(PAA)不能使由高拷贝却pacR表达的阻抑物全部失活,部分阻抑物结合pac操纵基因,阻碍RNA聚合酶对pac的转录,因此PA的表达量降低。结果表明,阻抑物是由pac结构基因内部的ORF2编码的蛋白因子,pacR即ORF2。RNA—DNA杂交实验证实了pacR在转录水平阻抑pac的表达。     

异源nifAC对根癌土壤杆菌nif基因表达的调节作用

三亲交配方法分别将载有褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)呈组成型表达的nifAC的质粒pCK5和肺炎克氏杆菌(Kldosiella pneumoniae)含有nifAc和nifA—ntrc基因的质粒pcK3．pSZ36和pSZ23-CA导入根癌土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciem)C58／pGV3850,所得转移接合子的生长速率和野生型相似。在10mmol／L,NH₄⁺浓度下,Western blotting测出A．Tumefaciens C58／pGV3850(pCK5)有固氮酶合成,乙炔还原法测定固氮酶活性恢复分别为73％．24％,11％和62％。这些结果表明,褐球固氨菌和肺炎克氏杆菌的固氮调节基因对土壤杆菌同氮基因表达有调节作用。其中．褐球固氮菌nifAc的调节功能最强(73％),其次是肺炎克氏杆菌nifA和nrrC的融合子(62％),肺炎克氏杆菌nifAc的调节功能较弱(24％。11％)。     

转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群的影响

研究目的在于了解转基因生防菌308R(pCPP430)对番茄根围菌群代谢能力和群落结构的影响。实验中使用了两种互为补充的方法,即单一碳源利用测试(SCSU)和ERIC-PCR,对分别以308R(pCPP430)悬液、308R悬液和无菌水蘸根处理的番茄植株根围菌群进行比较。SCSU菌落计数的聚类分析表明,308R(pCPP430)和308R处理的根围菌重复之间相似性好,水处理的相似性差。主成分分析也得到了相同的结果。ERIC-PCR聚类结果表明,10种碳源,其中8种水处理和308R处理聚为一类。实验为生防菌与植物的互作提供一些依据,为根围菌群结构研究提供一些新的思路。     

产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌的某些特性研究

研究了产过敏素harpin的固氮工程菌（Enterobacter cloacaeE4)在番茄,烟草叶片上的致过敏能力及该菌所携的双质粒的稳定性。试验结果表明：E4与DH5（pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本相同,E4与308R（pCPP430)相比,烟草上它们致过敏能力的速度基本一致。但308R（pCPP430)致过敏能力的强度更强,在番茄叶片上,E4和308R（pCPP430)致过敏能力的速度和强度基本一样,E4所携的双质粒pCPP430和pMC73A在宿主细菌中是不稳定的,在宿主细菌连续繁殖过程中,质粒pCPP430和pMC73A随宿主细菌的繁殖而发生缺失,当连续传代48代时,双质粒的丢失率达100%,而且各含一种质粒的细胞产生的机率基本相同。     

Combining the hok/sok, parDE, and pnd postsegregational killer loci to enhance plasmid stability.

To enhance plasmid segregational stability in bacterial cells, two pairs of independent postsegregational killing loci (genes which induce host killing upon plasmid loss) isolated from plasmids R1, R483, or RP4 (hok+/sok+ pnd+ or hok+/sok+ parDE+) were cloned into a common site of the beta-galactosidase expression vector pMJR1750 (ptac::lacZ+) to form a series of plasmids in which the effect of one or two stability loci on segregational plasmid stability could be discerned. Adding two antisense killer loci (hok+/sok+ pnd+) decreased the specific growth rate by 50% though they were more effective at reducing segregational instability than hok+/sok+ alone. With the ptac promoter induced fully (2.0 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside) and no antibiotic selection pressure, the combination of a proteic killer locus (parDE+) with antisense killer loci (hok+/sok+) had a negligible impact on specific growth rate, maintained high beta-galactosidase expression, and led to a 30 and 190% increase in segregational stability (based on stable generations) as compared to plasmids containing either hok+/sok+ or parDE+ alone, respectively. Use of hok+/sok+ or parDE+ alone with high cloned-gene expression led to ninefold and fourfold increases in the number of stable generations, respectively. Two convenient cloning cassettes have been constructed to facilitate cloning the dual hok+/sok+ parDE+ and hok+/sok+ pnd+ killer systems.     

Characterization of plasmids that encode streptomycin-resistance in bacterial epiphytes of apple

Streptomycin resistance in strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans, Pantoea agglomerans and a yellow-pigmented, non-fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. (Py), isolated from apple orchards in New York and Washington states, is predominantly associated with strA-strB genes carried on conjugal plasmids (R plasmids). None of 128 resistant Erwinia amylovora strains from the eastern and western USA hybridized with a strA-strB probe, SMP3. Resistant Py strains transfered R plasmids to Ps. syringae pv. papulans and to Py in vitro at frequencies of 10(-1)-10(-2) per recipient cell whereas Ps. syringae pv. papulans transferred its plasmids at frequencies of 10(-2) to below detectable levels. Transfer of R plasmids to P. agglomerans was not detected and resistant P. agglomerans did not transfer their R plasmids to any recipients. R plasmids were found to be highly diverse as measured by DNA fingerprint analysis. Transfer-deficient transposon mutants of R plasmid pCPP519 were generated, and 3.9 kb EcoRI and 3.0 kb SmaI fragments that hybridized with a Tn5 probe were cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of the 3.9 kb fragment were similar to proteins involved in replication, nicking at oriT, and piliation in other bacteria.     

Contribution of different segments of the par region to stable maintenance of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2.

A 3.2-kb region of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2 has been shown to encode a highly efficient plasmid maintenance system that functions in a vector-independent manner. This region, designated par, consists of two divergently arranged operons: parCBA and parDE. The 0.7-kb parDE operon promotes plasmid stability by a postsegregational killing mechanism that ensures that plasmid-free daughter cells do not survive after cell division. The 2.3-kb parCBA operon encodes a site-specific resolvase protein (ParA) and its multimer resolution site (res) and two proteins (ParB and ParC) whose functions are as yet unknown. It has been proposed that the parCBA operon encodes a plasmid partitioning system (M. Gerlitz, O. Hrabak, and H. Schwabb, J. Bacteriol. 172:6194-6203, 1990; R. C. Roberts, R. Burioni, and D. R. Helinski, J. Bacteriol. 172:6204-6216, 1990). To further define the role of this region in promoting the stable maintenance of plasmid RK2, the parCBA and parDE operons separately and the intact (parCBA/DE) par region (3.2 kb) were reintroduced into an RK2 plasmid deleted for par and assayed for plasmid stability in two Escherichia coli strains (MC1061K and MV10delta lac). The intact 3.2-kb region provided the highest degree of stability in the two strains tested. The ability of the parCBA or parDE region alone to promote stable maintenance in the E. coli strains was dependent on the particular strain and the growth temperature. Furthermore, the insertion of the ColE1 cer site into the RK2 plasmid deleted for the par region failed to stabilize the plasmid in the MC1061K strain, indicating that the multimer resolution activity encoded by parCBA is not by itself responsible for the stabilization activity observed for this operon. To examine the relative contributions of postsegregational cell killing and a possible partitioning function encoded by the intact 3.2-kb par region, stability assays were carried out with ParD provided in trans by a compatible (R6K) minireplicon to prevent postsegregational killing. In E. coli MV10delta lac, postsegregational killing appeared to be the predominant mechanism for stabilization since the presence of ParD substantially reduced the stability of plasmids carrying either the 3.2- or 0.7-kb region. However, in the case of E. coli MC1061K, the presence of ParD in trans did not result in a significant loss of stabilization by the 3.2-kb region, indicating that the putative partitioning function was largely responsible for RK2 maintenance. To examine the basis for the apparent differences in postsegregational killing between the two E. coli strains, transformation assays were carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of the strains to the ParE toxin protein. Consistent with the relatively small contribution of the postsegregational killing to plasmid stabilization in MC1061K, we found that this strain was substantially more resistant to killing by ParE in comparison to E. coli MV10delta lac. A transfer-deficient mutant of thepar-deleted plasmid was constructed for the stable maintenance studies. This plasmid was found to be lost from E. coli MV10delta lac at a rate three times greater than the rate for the transfer-proficient plasmid, suggesting that conjugation can also play a significant role in the maintenance of plasmid RK2.     

呋喃丹降解菌CDS-1的双标记菌株的构建

用Sau3AI消化呋喃丹降解菌Sphingomonassp.CDS-1的基因组DNA,将所得DNA片段与BamHⅠ酶切的启动子探针载体pRobe-GFP酶连后转化E.coliDH5α感受态细胞,在选择性平板上培养,从大约1×104个菌落中筛选到50个含启动子片段的阳性克隆。挑选其中一个发光强度最强的阳性克隆F7,将它的重组质粒pF7用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后得到包含Sphingomonassp.CDS-1启动子和gfp基因的DNA片段,将该片段克隆到广宿主载体pPZP201上,得到pPZP201-gfp质粒。将pPZP201-gfp通过三亲接合转移至Sphingomonassp.CDS-1中得到GFP标记菌株CDS-gfp,经荧光显微镜观察,gfp基因在CDS-gfp中表达量很高。对标记菌株进行连续传代10次(48h/次),发现pPZP201-gfp依然存在,而且发光明显。通过NotⅠ酶切位点把linA基因连接到pUT/mini-Tn5上构建新的转座子载体pUT/mini-Tn5-linA。以pRK600为辅助质粒将pUT/mini-Tn5-linA引入到CDS-1中,linA基因通过转座作用,插入到CDS-gfp的染色体中,得到双标记菌株CDS-GFP-LinA。该菌株是一株能同时降解γ-六六六和呋喃丹的基因工程菌,本研究的结果为研究Sphingomonassp.CDS-1的生态学行为奠定了基础。     

Cloning of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase Gene and Construction of a Stable Genetically Engineered Strain for Degrading Crude Oil

Pseudomonas putida strain BNF1 was isolated to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons efficiently and use phenol as a main carbon and energy source to support its growth. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was found to be the responsible key enzyme for the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene was cloned from plasmid DNA of P. putida strain BNF1. The nucleotide base sequence of a 924 bp segment encoding the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) was determined. This segment showed an open reading frame, which encoded a polypeptide of 307 amino acids. C23O gene was inserted into NotI-cut transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5 (Km^r) to get a novel transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5-C23O. With the helper plasmid PRK2013, the transposon vector pUT/mini-Tn5-C23O was introduced into one alkanes degrading strain Acinetobacter sp. BS3 by triparental conjugation, and then the C23O gene was integrated into the chromosome of Acinetobacter sp. BS3. And the recombinant BS3-C23O, which could express catechol 2,3-dioxygenase protein, was obtained. The recombinant BS3-C23O was able to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes. Broad substrate specificity, high enzyme activity, and the favorable stability suggest that the BS3-C23O was a potential candidate used for the biodegradation of crude oil.