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1.

Background

Accurately estimating fat percentage is important for assessing health and determining treatment course. Methods of estimating body composition such as hydrostatic weighing or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), however, can be expensive, require extensive operator training, and, in the case of hydrostatic weighing, be highly burdensome for patients. Our objective was to evaluate air displacement plethysmography via the Bod Pod, a less burdensome method of estimating body fat percentage. In particular, we filled a gap in the literature by testing the Bod Pod at the lower extreme of the Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution.

Findings

Three BMI groups were recruited and underwent both air displacement plethysmography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. We recruited 30 healthy adults at the lower BMI distribution from the Calorie Restriction (CR) Society and followers of the CR Way. We also recruited 15 normal weight and 19 overweight/obese healthy adults from the general population. Both Siri and Brozek equations derived body fat percentage from the Bod Pod, and Bland-Altman analyses assessed agreement between the Bod Pod and DXA. Compared to DXA, the Bod Pod overestimated body fat percentage in thinner participants and underestimated body fat percentage in heavier participants, and the magnitude of difference was larger for underweight BMI participants, reaching 13% in some. The Bod Pod and DXA had smaller discrepancies in normal weight and overweight/obese participants.

Conclusions

While less burdensome, clinicians should be aware that Bod Pod estimates may deviate from DXA estimates particularly at the lower end of the BMI distribution.  相似文献   

2.
Several recent self-reported surveys have suggested that African-American women may engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than whites. Objective measurements of PA have not been performed, however. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the components of energy expenditure, including PA, between black and white obese women. Using the doubly labeled water method, total dairy energy expenditure (TDEE), basalmetabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of a meal (TEM), and PA were measured in 14 black and 15 white moderately obese women over 2 weeks. No statistically significant differences were seen between the 2 groups in BMR, TEM or TDEE. Mean PA was significantly (p=0.05) lower among black women compared to whites when expressed as MJ. d?1 (3.49 vs. 4.30) or kJ.kg?1.d?1 (37.6 vs. 47.7). Our study supports the survey differences seen in PA among black and white women.  相似文献   

3.
Activity energy expenditure (AEE) is the component of daily energy expenditure that is mainly influenced by the amount of physical activity (PA) and by the weight of the body displaced. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of weight loss on PA and AEE. The body weight and PA of 66 overweight and obese subjects were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of 67% energy restriction. PA was measured using a tri-axial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor) and quantified in activity counts. Tracmor recordings were also processed using a classification algorithm to recognize 6 common activity types engaged in during the day. A doubly-labeled water validated equation based on Tracmor output was used to estimate AEE. After weight loss, body weight decreased by 13±4%, daily activity counts augmented by 9% (95% CI: +2%, +15%), and this increase was weakly associated with the decrease in body weight (R2 = 7%; P<0.05). After weight loss subjects were significantly (P<0.05) less sedentary (–26 min/d), and increased the time spent walking (+11 min/d) and bicycling (+4 min/d). However, AEE decreased by 0.6±0.4 MJ/d after weight loss. On average, a 2-hour/day reduction of sedentary time by increasing ambulatory and generic activities was required to restore baseline levels of AEE. In conclusion, after weight loss PA increased but the related metabolic demand did not offset the reduction in AEE due to the lower body weight. Promoting physical activity according to the extent of weight loss might increase successfulness of weight maintenance.  相似文献   

4.

Objective

To examine the associations of sedentary time and physical activity with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health, including the potential collective impact of shifting mean time use from less- to more-active behaviours (cross-sectionally, using isotemporal substitution), in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Participants with overweight/obese body mass index (BMI; ≥25 kg/m2) (n = 279; 158 men, mean [SD] age = 58.2 [8.6] years) wore Actigraph GT1M accelerometers (waking hours; seven days) to assess moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity activity, and sedentary time (segregated into non-prolonged [accumulated in bouts <30min] and prolonged [accumulated in bouts ≥30 min]). Cross-sectional associations with waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood (HbA1c, glucose, triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and blood pressure of these activity variables (30 min/day increments) were examined adjusted for confounders and wear then, if significant, examined using isotemporal substitution modelling.

Results

Waist circumference and BMI were significantly (p<0.05) associated with more prolonged sedentary time and less light-intensity activity. Light intensity activity was also significantly associated with lower fasting plasma glucose (relative rate: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.00; p<0.05). No biomarker was significantly associated with non-prolonged sedentary time or MVPA. Lower mean prolonged sedentary time (−30 min/day) with higher mean light intensity time (+30 min/day) was significantly associated with lower waist circumference (β = −0.77, 95% CI: −1.33, −0.22 cm). Lower mean prolonged sedentary time (−30 min/day) with either 30 min/day higher mean non-prolonged sedentary time (β = −0.35, 95%CI: −0.70, −0.01 kg/m2) or light-intensity time (β = −0.36, −0.61, −0.11 kg/m2) was associated with significantly lower average BMI.

Conclusions

Significantly improved mean levels of waist circumference and BMI were observed when shifting time from prolonged sedentary to non-prolonged sedentary or light-intensity activity (cross-sectionally). Lifestyle interventions in overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes might consider targeting shifts in these non-MVPA activities to more rigorously evaluate their potential cardiometabolic benefit in this population.  相似文献   

5.
6.

Background

Associations between dietary patterns, metabolic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota are yet to be elucidated.

Objectives

We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in overweight and obese subjects and evaluate the different dietary patterns in relation to metabolic and inflammatory variables as well as gut microbiota.

Design

Dietary patterns, plasma and adipose tissue markers, and gut microbiota were evaluated in a group of 45 overweight and obese subjects (6 men and 39 women). A group of 14 lean subjects were also evaluated as a reference group.

Results

Three clusters of dietary patterns were identified in overweight/obese subjects. Cluster 1 had the least healthy eating behavior (highest consumption of potatoes, confectionary and sugary drinks, and the lowest consumption of fruits that was associated also with low consumption of yogurt, and water). This dietary pattern was associated with the highest LDL cholesterol, plasma soluble CD14 (p = 0.01) a marker of systemic inflammation but the lowest accumulation of CD163+ macrophages with anti-inflammatory profile in adipose tissue (p = 0.05). Cluster 3 had the healthiest eating behavior (lower consumption of confectionary and sugary drinks, and highest consumption of fruits but also yogurts and soups). Subjects in this Cluster had the lowest inflammatory markers (sCD14) and the highest anti-inflammatory adipose tissue CD163+ macrophages. Dietary intakes, insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory markers (plasma IL6) in Cluster 3 were close to those of lean subjects. Cluster 2 was in-between clusters 1 and 3 in terms of healthfulness. The 7 gut microbiota groups measured by qPCR were similar across the clusters. However, the healthiest dietary cluster had the highest microbial gene richness, as evaluated by quantitative metagenomics.

Conclusion

A healthier dietary pattern was associated with lower inflammatory markers as well as greater gut microbiota richness in overweight and obese subjects.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01314690  相似文献   

7.

Objective

To determine the physical activity level and factors influencing physical activity among pregnant urban Chinese women.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 1056 pregnant women (18–44 years of age) in Tianjin, China. Their socio-demographic characteristics were recorded, and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess their physical activity during pregnancy. The data were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.

Results

Median total energy expenditure of pregnant women in each of the three trimesters ranged from 18.50 to 21.90 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) h/day. They expended 1.76–1.85 MET h/day on moderate and vigorous activities and 0.11 MET h/day on exercise. Only 117 of the women (11.1%) met the international guideline for physical activity in pregnancy (≥150 min moderate intensity exercise per week). The most frequent reason given for not being more physically active was the fear of miscarriage. Higher education level (OR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.59–10.62), habitual exercise before pregnancy (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.39–3.28), and husbands who exercised regularly (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.33–3.67) significantly increased the odds of meeting the guideline (p<0.001). A low pre gravid body mass index (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.87) significantly decreased the odds (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Few urban Chinese pregnant women met the recommended physical activity guideline. They also expended little energy exercising. Future interventions should be based on the clinic environment and targeting family members as well as the subjects. All pregnant women should be targeted, not just those in high-risk groups.  相似文献   

8.
The circadian rhythm of core body temperature is associated with widespread physiological effects. However, studies with other more practical temperature measures, such as wrist (WT) and proximal temperatures, are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is associated with differences in mean WT values or in its daily rhythmicity patterns. Daily patterns of cortisol, melatonin, and different metabolic syndrome (MetS) features were also analyzed in an attempt to clarify the potential association between chronodisruption and MetS. The study was conducted on 20 normal-weight women (age: 38?±?11 yrs and BMI: 22?±?2.6?kg/m2) and 50 obese women (age: 42?±?10 yrs and BMI: 33.5?±?3.2?kg/m2) (mean?±?SEM). Skin temperature was measured over a 3-day period every 10?min with the “Thermochron iButton.” Rhythmic parameters were obtained using an integrated package for time-series analysis, “Circadianware.” Obese women displayed significantly lower mean WT (34.1°C?±?0.3°C) with a more flattened 24-h pattern, a lower-quality rhythm, and a higher intraday variability (IV). Particularly interesting were the marked differences between obese and normal-weight women in the secondary WT peak in the postprandial period (second-harmonic power [P2]), considered as a marker of chronodisruption and of metabolic alterations. WT rhythmicity characteristics were related to MetS features, obesity-related proteins, and circadian markers, such as melatonin. In summary, obese women displayed a lower-quality WT daily rhythm with a more flattened pattern (particularly in the postprandial period) and increased IV, which suggests a greater fragmentation of the rest/activity rhythm compared to normal-weight women. These 24-h changes were associated with higher MetS risk. (Author correspondence: )  相似文献   

9.

Background and Aims

Evidence suggests obesity-related inflammation alters iron metabolism potentially increasing the risk of iron deficiency. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate iron, hepcidin and inflammatory status in young, healthy overweight and obese women.

Methods

114 young (18–25 years), healthy comorbidity-free women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥27.5 kg/m2 were recruited. Biochemical data were analysed using mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and multivariate modelling. Biochemical markers were also stratified according to varying degrees of overweight and obesity.

Results

Anaemia (haemoglobin <120 g/l) and iron deficiency (serum ferritin <15.0 µg/l) were prevalent in 10% and 17% of participants respectively. Mean/median soluble transferrin receptor was 1.61±0.44 mg/l; hepcidin 6.40 (7.85) ng/ml and C-reactive protein (CRP) 3.58 (5.81) mg/l. Multivariate modelling showed that BMI was a significant predictor of serum iron (coefficient = -0.379; standard error = 0.139; p = 0.008), transferrin saturation (coefficient = -0.588; standard error = 0.222; p = 0.009) and CRP (coefficient = 0.127; standard error = 0.024; p<0.001). Stratification of participants according to BMI showed those with ≥35.0 kg/m2 had significantly higher CRP (p<0.001) than those in lower BMI categories.

Conclusions

Increasing obesity was associated with minor disturbances in iron metabolism. However, overall outcomes indicated simple iron deficiency (hypoferritinaemia) was the primary iron-related abnormality with no apparent contribution of inflammation or hepcidin, even in those with BMI >35.0 kg/m2. This indicates that obesity alone may not be sufficient to induce clinically significant disturbances to iron metabolism as previously described. This may be attributed to the lack of comorbidity in this cohort.  相似文献   

10.
The study addressed chromium, zinc and magnesium concentrations in the pubic hair of obese and overweight women. It was carried out on hair collected from 85 women at the age of 16-80 living in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship (southern Poland). The experimental and control groups consisted of 39 and 46 females, respectively. The pubic hair was prepared under a procedure established by the International Atomic Energy Agency, followed by wet digestion in a microwave oven. The concentration of the metals in the pubic hair and reference material was assayed with the flame (Mg, Zn) and flameless (Cr) atomic absorption spectrometry. The pubic hair of overweight and obese women from the experimental group revealed significantly higher chromium and magnesium concentrations and significantly lower concentrations of zinc than in the control group. An increase in BMI brought about an increase in chromium and magnesium concentrations while zinc concentration decreased with increasing BMI. The disturbances in the mineral balance of overweight and obese women were also demonstrated by significantly different ratios of the elements compared with the control group.  相似文献   

11.

Background

Few studies have examined dietary data or objective measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior among metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO). Thus, the purpose is to determine whether PA, sedentary behavior and/or diet differ between MHO and MUO in a sample of young women.

Methods

Forty-six overweight/obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) African American and Caucasian women 19–35 years were classified by cardiometabolic risk factors, including elevated blood pressure, triglyceride, glucose and C-reactive protein, low high density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance (MUO ≥2; MHO, <2). Time (mins/day) in light, moderate, vigorous PA, and sedentary behavior were estimated using an accelerometer (≥3 days; ≥8 hrs wear time). Questionnaires were used to quantify sitting time, TV/computer use and usual daily activity. The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire assessed dietary food intake. Differences between MHO and MUO for lifestyle behaviors were tested with linear regression (continuous data) or logistic regression (categorical data) after adjusting for age, race, BMI, smoking and accelerometer wear and/or total kilocalories, as appropriate.

Results

Women were 26.7±4.7 years, with a mean BMI of 31.1±3.7 kg/m2, and 61% were African American. Compared to MUO (n = 9), MHO (n = 37; 80%) spent less mins/day in sedentary behavior (difference: -58.1±25.5, p = 0.02), more mins/day in light PA (difference: 38.2±16.1, p = 0.02), and had higher daily METs (difference: 0.21±0.09, p = 0.03). MHO had higher fiber intakes (g/day of total fiber, soluble fiber, fruit/vegetable fiber, bean fiber) and daily servings of vegetables; but lower daily dairy servings, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and trans fats (g/day) compared to MUO.

Conclusion

Compared to MUO, MHO young women demonstrate healthier lifestyle habits with less sedentary behavior, more time in light PA, and healthier dietary quality for fat type and fiber. Future studies are needed to replicate findings with larger samples that include men and women of diverse race/ethnic groups.  相似文献   

12.
ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between BMI and early atherosclerotic activity in cancer patients. We also compared the inflammatory and macroscopic calcification processes of atherosclerosis in the aortic segments and large arteries by 18F-FDG PET/CT of between normal and high BMI patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of cancer patients presented to our institution within the period between February and May 2018. Patients were classified according to their BMI into two groups: normal BMI group and high BMI group. Data of average SUVmax and SUVmean for four segments of the aorta, common iliac arteries, and femoral arteries were estimated and compared between both groups. Moreover, the macroscopic calcification on CT images for each vascular section was also reported.ResultsNinety-eight patients were classified into two groups: normal BMI group (n = 52; 53.1%), and high BMI group (n = 46; 46.9%). Average SUVmax was significantly higher in obese participants in all arterial segments (P < 0.05). However, the SUVmean was significantly higher in obese patients in only three arterial segments aortic arch, left femoral artery and descending thoracic aorta (P < 0.05).Moreover, the differences between the two study groups in terms of the frequency of macroscopic calcifications were not statistically significant for all vascular segments. BMI positively correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean of the vascular segments (r value from 0,219 to 0,575/p value between 0,023 and 0,0001).ConclusionsFluorine-18-FDG PET/CT imaging revealed that patients with high BMI have more accelerated atherosclerotic inflammatory process in their major vessels compared to their age-matched controls with normal BMI. Future studies should assess the associated between these findings and the cardiovascular events in the long term.  相似文献   

13.
Pathway-based analysis as an alternative approach can provide complementary information to single-marker genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which always ignore the epistasis and does not have sufficient power to find rare variants. In this study, using genotypes from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), pathway-based association studies were carried out by a modified Gene Set Enrichment Algorithm (GSEA) method (GenGen) for triglyceride in 1028 unrelated European-American extremely obese females (BMI≥35kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (BMI<25kg/m2), and another pathway association analysis (ICSNPathway) was also used to verify the GenGen result in the same data. The GO0009110 pathway (vitamin anabolism) was among the strongest associations with triglyceride (empirical P<0.001); the result remained significant after FDR correction (P = 0.022). MMAB, an obesity-related locus, included in this pathway. The ABCG1 and BCL6 gene was found in several triglyceride-related pathways (empirical P<0.05), which were also replicated by ICSNPathway (empirical P<0.05, FDR<0.05). We also performed single-marked GWAS using PLINK for TG levels (log-transformed). Significant associations were found between ASTN2 gene SNPs and plasma triglyceride levels (rs7035794, P = 2.24×10−10). Our study suggested that vitamin anabolism pathway, BCL6 gene pathways and ASTN2 gene may contribute to the genetic variation of plasma triglyceride concentrations.  相似文献   

14.
Unhealthy dietary habits are key determinants of obesity in adolescents. Assuming that dietary fat profile influences membrane lipid composition, the aim of this study was to analyze structural changes in the erythrocyte membrane of obese compared to normal-weight adolescents. The study was conducted in a group of 11 obese and 11 normal-weight adolescent subjects. The lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity were analyzed by conventional methods. The structural properties of reconstituted erythrocyte membrane were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Erythrocyte membrane from obese adolescents had a lipid profile characterized by a higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, an increase in saturated fatty acid and a decrease in monounsaturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations. Differences in lipid content were associated with changes in the structural properties of reconstituted membranes and the oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane. The lower oxidative level shown in the obese group (0.15 ± 0.04 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06 nmol/mg for conjugated diene concentrations and 2.43 ± 0.25 vs. 2.83 ± 0.31 nmol/mg protein for malondialdehyde levels) was related to a lower unsaturation index. These changes in membrane structural properties were accompanied by a lower AChE activity (1.64 ± 0.13 vs. 1.91 ± 0.24 nmol AChE/[min mg protein]) in the obese group. The consequences of unhealthy dietary habits in adolescents are reflected in the membrane structural properties and may influence membrane-associated protein activities and functions.  相似文献   

15.
Previous studies suggested that hypoxia and exercise may have a synergistic effect on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. We conducted a single blind study in overweight to obese subjects to test the hypothesis that training under hypoxia (HG, n = 24, FiO2 = 15%) results in similar or even greater improvement in body weight and metabolic risk markers compared with exercise under normoxia (NG, n = 21, FiO2 = 21%). After an initial metabolic evaluation including incremental exercise testing, subjects trained in normoxic or hypoxic conditions thrice weekly over a 4‐week period at a heart rate corresponding to 65% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The experimental groups were similar at the start of the investigation and weight stable during the training period. Subjects in the hypoxia group trained at a significantly lower workload (P < 0.05). Yet, both groups showed similar improvements in VO2max and time to exhaustion. Respiratory quotient and lactate at the anaerobic threshold as well as body composition improved more in the hypoxia group. We conclude that in obese subjects, training in hypoxia elicits a similar or even better response in terms of physical fitness, metabolic risk markers, and body composition at a lower workload. The fact that workload and, therefore, mechanic strain can be reduced in hypoxia could be particularly beneficial in obese patients with orthopedic comorbidities.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hypocalcemia and its correlation with dietary intake of calcium (DICa) and urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) in pregnant women. Healthy pregnant women (n = 543) were enrolled consecutively. DICa was calculated form dietary history. Serum calcium (SCa) and 24-h UCaE was measured. Student t test and Chi-square tests were used to compare the continuous and categorical data in women with and without hypocalcemia (SCa ≤ 8.7 mg/dL). Linear regression was applied for determining the independent variables for hypocalcemia. The age and gestation (mean ± SD) were 21.9 ± 2.5 years and 18.0 ± 3.5 weeks, respectively. The body mass index (BMI; mean ± SD) was 23.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2. Seventy-one percent women had an education of less than 10 years. The DICa and SCa were 325 ± 198 mg and 8.1 ± 1.5 mg/dL, respectively. The prevalence of hypocalcemia was 66.4% (362/545); all being asymptomatic. There was no significant difference in women with and without hypocalcemia in terms of weight, BMI, monthly family income, DICa, UCaE, and their obstetric outcome. Daily dietary calcium intake was less than the recommended dietary allowances. There was a high prevalence of asymptomatic hypocalcemia in pregnant women of low socio-economic status which was unrelated to their overall nutritional status and daily calcium intake. It did not have any adverse effect on the immediate pregnancy outcome.  相似文献   

17.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency and obesity can be observed together in some developing countries. Zn deficiency may enhance fat deposition and decrease lean mass accrual, which in turn, appears to influence physical activity (PA), although this has not yet been evaluated in obese children. The objective of the study was to find out the association between measurements of plasma Zn and serum leptin, body composition, and PA in Chilean obese preschool children. Seventy-two 18- to 36-month-old obese children [weight-for-length/height z score (WHZ) > 2.0 SD], belonging to low socioeconomic communities, participated in the study. Plasma Zn, serum leptin, weight, waist circumference, height, total body water (TBW) assessed by deuterium isotopic dilution technique and daily activity, measured by registering 48 h with an accelerometer, were evaluated. We found 82% of children with WHZ > 3 SD. The geometric mean Zn intake was 6.2 ± 2.5 mg/day. The mean plasma Zn was 91.8 ± 11.4 μg/dL, with 10% of the children having levels <80 μg/dL. No correlation was found between plasma Zn concentrations and either weight, WHZ, or waist circumference. Serum leptin was lower in males than in females (2.9 ± 2.8 vs 6.8 ± 5.0 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). TBW was different between males and females (56.2 ± 5.4 vs 52.8 ± 4.3% body weight, respectively; p = 0.004), but no significant association was found between TBW and plasma Zn. Moderate + intense PA, (as percentage of wake time), was greater in males than in females (6.3 ± 3.1% vs 3.4 ± 2.3%, respectively; p < 0.001), but it was not significantly correlated to plasma Zn. In conclusion, plasma Zn was not associated with body composition as assessed by TBW, serum leptin, or with the magnitude of physical activity in Chilean overweight preschool children.  相似文献   

18.
Overweight among black females is almost two times as frequent as among white females. Genetics, caloric intake, and physical activity have been identified as possible explanatory factors. This study assessed the differences in physical activity and body composition in 76 white and 66 black adult females. Black women had significantly higher (p=.0001) percent body fat (32.2 ± 7.1) than white women (27.7 ± 6.5) with a similar difference in weight (4.4 kg) approaching significance (p=.055). Physical activity was assessed using a structured 24-hour recall instrument. A purposive sampling design was implemented to control for age, education and occupation. A summary physical activity value unit for the 24-hour period revealed a significantly greater mean value for white females (41.93 + 4.7) than for black females (40.01 ± 3.9) suggesting white females were more physically active (p=.02) although this was not a function of biracial differences in play/recreation and exercise/sport type of activities. Although both black and white females were found to be sedentary (MET value ± 2) over 90 percent of the time, black women were significantly more sedentary (p=.03). Biracial differences in discretionary non-exercise oriented activities may contribute to different rates of overweight observed between black and white women.  相似文献   

19.
Biological Trace Element Research - The aim of the present study was to investigate hair essential trace elements and mineral levels in 105 pregnant normal-weight (control) and 55 overweight and...  相似文献   

20.
We examined the association between exercise and weight loss maintenance in a group of 45 previously obese subjects 2 years post very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) to suggest exercise goals for this population. At baseline, subjects weighed a mean 100 kg and had a mean total cholesterol (TC) of 5.8 mmol/L. With VLCD they lost an average 28 kg and decreased their TC by 1.6 mmol/L. Two years post-VLCD their weight and lipids were measured and they completed a physical activity survey (Paffenbarger). Subjects were grouped into tertiles by reported exercise levels: low active (< 850 kcals per week), moderate active (850–1575 kcals per week) and high active (> 1575 kcals per week). Walking accounted for the greatest calorie expenditure (65%). Analysis of variance showed that baseline characteristics and weight and blood lipid changes during the VLCD did not differ (P>0.05) among groups. At follow-up, high active patients maintained significantly greater weight loss, had a lower percent regain and a significantly greater decrease in total cholesterol (P < 0.05) than less active patients. Multiple regression analysis indicated that total exercise calories independently predicted overall weight loss and percent regain (r = 0.66 and r = 0.62, respectively). Exercise calories also predicted total cholesterol change (r=-0.37). The high active group walked more miles (16.2 per week) than the low and moderate active groups (4.8 and 9.1 per week, respectively) and exercised more days per week (5.3 vs. 1.9 and 3.7). The low and moderate active groups regained virtually equal amounts of weight, even though the moderate group expended twice as many kcals per week as the low active group. These data demonstrate that increased exercise levels enhance weight loss maintenance.  相似文献   

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