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1.
Graham E. Rotheray Geoff Hancock Steve Hewitt David Horsfield Iain MacGowan David Robertson Kenneth Watt 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2001,5(2):77-85
Over a ten year period, 1988–1998, over 300 woodlands were visited throughout Scotland and 2061 records of saproxylic Diptera obtained. Of these 1574 were records of early stages; 258 species in 32 families were encountered; 206 species were reared of which 53 were red-listed, 9 were new to Britain and 10 were new to science. Most records came from native boreal trees such as Betula pubescens, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula. However, few saproxylic Diptera were specific to tree species, exceptions were 6 red-listed species associated with P. tremula and 5 red-listed species with P. sylvestris. In contrast, most saproxylic Diptera were specific to microhabitat or breeding site. The most important microhabitats were decaying sap under bark and decaying sapwood. Most red-listed species are restricted to Strathspey and north-east Scotland where relatively large stands of native boreal trees exist. 相似文献
2.
E. L. Rotheray L. F. Bussière Pete Moore Linnea Bergstrom D. Goulson 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2014,18(2):179-188
In order to effectively manage habitat for fragmented populations, we need to know details of resource utilisation, and the capacity of species to colonise unoccupied habitat patches. Dispersal is vital in maintaining viable populations in increasingly fragmented environments by allowing re-colonisation of areas in which populations have gone extinct. In the UK, the endangered aspen hoverfly Hammerschmidtia ferruginea (Fallén 1817) (Diptera, Syrphidae) depends on a limited and transient breeding habitat: decaying aspen wood Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae). Conservation management for H. ferruginea involves encouraging aspen expansion across Scotland, and ensuring retention, maintenance and continuity of dead wood where H. ferruginea has been recorded and in areas that may link populations. In order to do this effectively we need to know how far H. ferruginea can disperse. By taking advantage of the tendency of adults to group on decaying aspen logs, we estimated dispersal ability through mark recapture techniques. In the first year, 1,066 flies were marked as they emerged from aspen logs and 78 were re-sighted at artificially-placed decaying aspen logs up to 4 km from the release site. In the second year, of 1,157 individually marked flies, 112 were re-sighted and one was observed 5 km from the release site. Territorial behaviour was recorded at all (19) decaying aspen log locations. In total, 72 males were recorded defending territories, which overlapped with 68 % of recorded female oviposition sites. Among males only, wing length was positively associated with dispersal. While these results show H. ferruginea is capable of locating decaying logs up to 5 km away, most dispersing individuals (68 %) were recorded at 1 km, which should be taken into account in developing management protocols. If enough dead wood is available it should be distributed within a radius of 1–2 km, and where possible, as stepping-stones linking up aspen woodlands. We discuss the implications of our findings for the natural history of this species, and make recommendations for its conservation management. 相似文献
3.
Lech Michalczuk 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2002,24(2):131-136
Free and conjugated IAA levels were determined in wood, bark and cambial sap of M.9, M.26 and MM.106 apple rootstock genotypes
differing in growth vigour. The measurements were done on May 15th, June 15th and July 15th. The level of free IAA in bark and wood of the tested trees varied from 27.0 to 52.7 ng·g−1 f.w. while the conjugated hormone content averaged 3–5 times higher. In the bark and wood samples, the differences in auxin
content between rootstock genotypes and the time of stem harvesting were insignificant. The level of free IAA in cambial sap
was on average 10 to 20 times higher than in both bark and wood tissues, while the conjugated hormone level varied from none
(below detection limit) to 37 ng·g−1 f.w. Content of free IAA level in cambial sap from dwarf M.9 rootstock was significantly lower than that in either of the
more vigorous genotypes. In both vigorous rootstocks IAA level in cambial sap remained at a similar level at all sampling
dates but M.9 cambial sap showed a trend towards decreasing auxin content later in the growing season. 相似文献
4.
Bruno Hérault Jacques Beauchêne Félix Muller Fabien Wagner Christopher Baraloto Lilian Blanc Jean-Michel Martin 《Oecologia》2010,164(1):243-251
Variation of dead wood decay rates among tropical trees remains one source of uncertainty in global models of the carbon cycle.
Taking advantage of a broad forest plot network surveyed for tree mortality over a 23-year period, we measured the remaining
fraction of boles from 367 dead trees from 26 neotropical species widely varying in wood density (0.23–1.24 g cm−3) and tree circumference at death time (31.5–272.0 cm). We modeled decay rates within a Bayesian framework assuming a first
order differential equation to model the decomposition process and tested for the effects of forest management (selective
logging vs. unexploited), of mode of death (standing vs. downed) and of topographical levels (bottomlands vs. hillsides vs.
hilltops) on wood decay rates. The general decay model predicts the observed remaining fraction of dead wood (R
2 = 60%) with only two biological predictors: tree circumference at death time and wood specific density. Neither selective
logging nor local topography had a differential effect on wood decay rates. Including the mode of death into the model revealed
that standing dead trees decomposed faster than downed dead trees, but the gain of model accuracy remains rather marginal.
Overall, these results suggest that the release of carbon from tropical dead trees to the atmosphere can be simply estimated
using tree circumference at death time and wood density. 相似文献
5.
The most appropriate strategy for preserving fragmented populations depends on a species’ ability to colonise distant habitat
patches. Insects associated with early decay stages of dead wood are expected to have a high capacity to colonise new habitat
patches. To study the dispersal ranges of beetles (Coleoptera) and flat bugs (Hemiptera: Aradidae) dependent on recently dead
aspen (Populus tremula) wood in Finland, we set out 58 piles of recently cut aspen logs at various distances up to 1.6 km from forests that contained
a high density of old aspen trees. We captured insects by trunk window-traps, and counted beetles’ exit holes. Habitat connectivity
was measured in terms of the amount of suitable aspen-wood in the surrounding environment, with the closest dead wood items
up-weighted by a negative-exponential function. The log-piles attracted many saproxylic insects including four red-listed
aspen-specialist species. The exposure of log-piles to the sun, and high levels of habitat connectivity increased the species
richness of aspen-specialists, whereas bark peeling by moose decreased richness. The spatial scale at which species richness
had its strongest response to habitat was 93 m. Among individual species there was a wide variability in spatial scale of
response. This study supports the view that conservation efforts in boreal forests should be concentrated on sites where colonisation
by target species is most likely. Restoration of habitat by re-locating logs may be useful at localities with a rich and specialised
fauna but which have too low rate of formation of dead wood by natural processes. 相似文献
6.
Clear-fell logging around small headwater streams in Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests was predicted to affect both the retention
of leaf litter and the composition and size of leaf packs. Retention structures were surveyed in six natural streams and six
streams in forest regenerated 3–5 years after clear-fell and burn logging. Logged streams had more wood, but retained less
leaves than natural streams, and consequently had fewer and smaller leaf packs. Leaf packs from natural streams contained
200% more leaves, bark and twigs than packs from logged streams. The effect of buoyancy on leaf retention was assessed with
release and recapture of marked Eucalyptus obliqua and Nothofagus cunninghamii leaves. Eucalypt leaves were more likely to be trapped by retention structures on the bed of the stream, while smaller, more
buoyant N. cunninghamii leaves were mainly trapped by leaf packs. Leaf packs in natural streams were formed on a matrix of small twigs and long strips
of bark, shed from the upper branches of mature stringybark eucalypts, while leaf retention was reduced in logged streams
because there are no mature trees to provide effective retention structures. Changes to the channel form increase both discharge
and sedimentation. These factors have strong implications for downstream nutrient processing and riverine food webs. 相似文献
7.
《Fungal Ecology》2017
The Red-belted Bracket (Fomitopsis pinicola) is one of the major decomposers of coniferous wood in Europe and can reach high densities after outbreaks of bark beetles. However, factors of dead wood type and decay stage, which determine the growth of reproductive biomass, i.e. basidiomes, remain unclear. In 2013, we surveyed 1280 dead wood objects and vital trees in spruce stands killed by the bark beetle Ips typographus in 2012, 2002, 1992 and in undisturbed stands for the presence, number, mean basidiome size and total volume of basidiomes. Living basidiomes were equally abundant on dead wood 1, 11, and 21 y after bark beetle outbreak, but were lacking on living trees. Our results indicate that F. pinicola is an effective early colonizer of the huge resource pulse of dead wood caused by the outbreak of bark beetles and basidiomes can persist for 21 y. 相似文献
8.
Needles, annual rings from basal stem discs and bark of three dominant and three suppressed Pinus pinaster from a 12-year-old pine stand (naturally regenerated after a wildfire) were analysed to study the effects of climate, tree
age, dominance, and growth on tree δ15N. Foliar-N concentration in dominant pines (0.780–1.474% N) suggested that soil N availability was sufficient, a circumstance
that allowed isotopic discrimination by plants and (greater) differences in δ15N among trees. The δ15N decreases in the order wood (−0.20 to +6.12‰), bark (−1.84 to +1.85‰) and needles (−2.13 to +0.77‰). In all trees, before
dominance establishment (years 1–8), the N stored in each ring displayed a decreasing δ15N tendency as the tree grows, which is mainly due to a more “closed” N cycle or an increasing importance of N sources with
lower δ15N. After dominance establishment (years 9–12), wood δ15N values were higher in suppressed than in dominant trees (2.62 and 1.46‰, respectively; P < 0.01) while the reverse was true for needles and bark; simultaneously, the absolute amount of N stored by suppressed pines
in successive rings decreased, suggesting a lower soil N assimilation. These results could be explained by lignification acting
as major N source for needles in suppressed pines because products released and reallocated during lignification are 15N-depleted compared with the source. According to principal component analysis, wood δ15N appears associated with wood N concentration and precipitation during the growing season, but clearly opposed to age, basal
area increment and mean temperature in spring and summer. 相似文献
9.
Pedro Naves Helena Bragana Filomena Nbrega Carlos Valente 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2019,143(10):1200-1204
Eucalypts are among the most widely planted forest trees in the world, and outside their native Australian range, the main arthropod pests are sap‐sucking insects, defoliators, gall‐making insects and xylophagous beetles. We report on a new association between a polyphagous wood‐boring beetle and Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) in Central Portugal. Unidentified wood‐boring insects were found attacking two three‐year‐old E. globulus trees showing signs of decline among otherwise healthy trees in a commercial plantation, in June 2018. Declining trees presented dead twigs and branches, and recently developed epicormic sprouts evident on the trunks. Insects emerging from logs were identified as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), a species native to eastern and southern Asia, with the taxonomic identification validated by molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first record of A. rubricollis associated with a eucalypt species worldwide. It is not clear whether the beetles played any significant role on the decline of the trees, but Ambrosiodmus may be potential pests for several tree and shrub species in Europe, as these beetles can transport pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
10.
Biomass and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a monospecific pioneer stand of a mangrove Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong were quantified. The estimated biomasses in leaves, branches, stems, roots, aboveground and total were 5.61
(3.68%), 28.8 (18.9%), 46.1 (30.2%), 71.8 (47.2%), 80.5 (52.8%) and 152 Mg ha−1 (100%), respectively. Stem phytomass increment per tree was estimated using allometric relationships and stem analysis. Stem
volume without bark of harvested trees showed a strong allometric relationship with D
0.12
H (D
0.1, diameter at a height of one-tenth of tree height H) (R
2 = 0.924). Annual stem volume increment per tree showed a strong allometric relationship with D
0.12
H (R
2 = 0.860). Litterfall rate ranges from 3.87 to 56.1 kg ha−1 day−1 for leaves and 0.177 to 46.2 kg ha−1 day−1 for branches. Seasonal changes of litterfall rate were observed, which showed a peak during wet season (August–September).
Total annual litterfall was estimated as 10.6 Mg ha−1 year−1, in which 68.2% was contributed by the leaves. The ANPP in the K. obovata stand was 29.9–32.1 Mg ha−1 year−1, which is ca. 2.8–3.0 times of annual litterfall. The growth efficiency (aboveground biomass increment/LAI) was 5.35–5.98 Mg ha−1 year−1. The low leaf longevity (9.3 months) and high growth efficiency of K. obovata makes it a highly productive mangrove species. 相似文献
11.
This study evaluated the effect of an outbreak of the cerambycid beetle, Oncideres rhodosticta, on branch growth and inflorescence production of the mesquite Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana, and on larvae mortality in girdled branches at two sites (dry and wet) in the southern Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico. We compared
stem growth responses to girdling in branches of similar sized trees from both sites over 42 months. The number of larvae
per girdled branch was similar between sites, indicating similar ovipositing effort regardless of water stress. However, the
proportion of dead larvae was significantly lower in trees at the dry site. On average, girdling reduced 96% of the stem length
at both sites. At the end of the first year, 25% of the original stubs survived at the dry site, compared to 90% at the wet
site. Girdling also broke apical dominance and allowed for the development of lateral buds from the surviving stubs, which
produced many fewer branches and inflorescences at the dry site compared to the wet site, where a compact crown was developed.
Water stress and girdling have a combined effect on mesquite architecture and reproduction, since more stubs died at the dry
site while new branches from surviving stubs developed at the wet site, recovering the original lost biomass but changing
the appearance of the tree. 相似文献
12.
F. MALCHESKA A. HONSEL H. WILDHAGEN J. DÜRR C. LARISCH H. RENNENBERG C. HERSCHBACH 《Plant, cell & environment》2013,36(7):1285-1295
Sulphate uptake and its distribution within plants depend on the activity of different sulphate transporters (SULTR). In long‐living deciduous plants such as trees, seasonal changes of spatial patterns add another layer of complexity to the question of how the interplay of different transporters adjusts S distribution within the plant to environmental changes. Poplar is an excellent model to address this question because its S metabolism is already well characterized. In the present study, the importance of SULTRs for seasonal sulphate storage and mobilization was examined in the wood of poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba) by analysing their gene expression in relation to sulphate contents in wood and xylem sap. According to these results, possible functions of the respective SULTRs for seasonal sulphate storage and mobilization in the wood are suggested. Together, the present results complement the previously published model for seasonal sulphate circulation between leaves and bark and provide information for future mechanistic modelling of whole tree sulphate fluxes. 相似文献
13.
Two new dematiaceous hyphomycetes, Spadicoides camelliae and Diplococcium livistonae, are described and illustrated based on specimens collected from the subtropical forests in Fujian Province, southeast China.
They were collected on dead branches of Camellia japonica and Livistona chinensis, respectively. Spadicoides camelliae is characterized by polytretic, terminal conidiogenous cells with solitary, ovoid, versicolored, and mainly 2-septate conidia
(15.0–22.0 × 7.0–10.0 μm). Diplococcium livistonae is distinguished by polytretic, terminal, and intercalary conidiogenous cells with catenate, cylindrical, concolored, and
mainly 2-septate conidia (15.0–28.0 × 5.0–7.0 μm). They are compared with other similar species by their morphological characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Attempts were made to quantify the carbon and nitrogen pools in a monospecific and pioneer mangrove stand of Kandelia
obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong, Okinawa Island, Japan. The leaf C and N concentrations on a leaf area basis decreased with increasing
PPFD (Photosysthetic Photon Flux Density). The total C and N stocks in foliage were estimated as 3.55 Mg ha–1 and 0.105 Mg ha–1, respectively. The bark (45.6–48.6% for C and 0.564–0.842% for N) contained significantly higher amount of C (P < 0.05) and N (P < 0.01) than wood (46.2–47.8% for C and 0.347–0.914% N). The total C stock of stem was 23.2 Mg ha–1 in wood and 8.33 Mg ha–1 in bark, and the total N stock was 0.222 Mg ha–1 in wood and 0.116 Mg ha–1 in bark. The root wood (37.1–45.0%) contained significantly higher amount of C than root bark (35.4–40.7%) (P < 0.01). The total C stock of root was 14.2 Mg ha–1 in wood and 12.6 Mg ha–1 in bark, and the total N stock of root was 0.157 Mg ha–1 in wood and 0.155 Mg ha–1 in bark. The soil organic C and total N stocks within 1 m soil depth were estimated as 57.3 Mg ha–1 and 2.73 Mg ha–1, respectively. The C pool in aboveground biomass (35.1 Mg ha–1) was 1.3 times as large as that in belowground biomass (26.9 Mg ha–1). However, the soil organic C pool (57.3 Mg ha–1) was similar to the total C pool (62.0 Mg ha–1) of vegetation, indicating that the mangrove stored a large part of production in the soil. About 50% of the C was in the
soil. The N pool in aboveground biomass (0.442 Mg ha–1) was 1.4 times as large as that in belowground biomass (0.312 Mg ha–1). The soil N stock was 3.3 times as large as the biomass N stock (0.754 Mg ha–1). 相似文献
15.
The functional xylem anatomy and the hydraulic conductivity of intact and treated branch junctions of the diffuse-porous
sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were compared to those of the ring-porous black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.). Maple shoots possessed greater growth intensity than those of oak. The extensive growth of the maple trees resulted
in about a two-fold increase in xylem production in the maple branches. Branches were altered by removing a patch of bark
from the base of a branch (near a junction) leaving a bridge of bark on the upper or lower side of the branch. The experimentally
treated branch junctions revealed that, in oak, most (up to 92%) of the water flows in the lower side of a branch, where most
of the large vessels occurred. In maple, most of the conductive tissue was observed to form in the upper side of the branches,
which was equally or more conductive than the lower side. A treatment of longitudinal, parallel scratches in the bark-bridge,
which reduced earlywood vessel width, substantially decreased conductivity (to only 15%) in oak, but had no effect on conductivity
in maple. In maple, such wounding stimulated more wood formation and increased conductivity. In both trees, a narrow bridge
at the junction induced more wood formation and higher conductivity in the branch. The mechanisms controlling wood formation
and water flow in branch junctions of ring- and diffuse-porous trees are discussed.
Received: 14 February 1996 / Accepted: 27 May 1996 相似文献
16.
《Fungal Ecology》2022
Fungi are the main decomposers of litter and wood, driving carbon and nutrient cycles. Despite a large number of studies, fungal community composition is remarkably difficult to predict. In the present study, we explore the importance of secondary metabolites and nutrient content in wood and bark as determinants of fungal community composition. We used aspen (Populus tremula) logs of similar size, from one location, and measured concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and secondary metabolites in bark and wood sampled shortly after felling. Fungal DNA was extracted from logs directly after felling and after two seasons of decomposition, and the fungal communities were assessed using DNA-metabarcoding. Concentrations of metabolites varied considerably between individual trees, and we also observed significant differences within single trees. Plant metabolites and nitrogen concentrations significantly affected fungal community composition. For the overall fungal communities and for wood saprotrophic fungi, the explanatory power of wood and bark metabolites was highest in logs decomposed over two seasons. In recently felled trees however, concentration of metabolites had a stronger effect on plant pathogens and endophytes. We conclude that secondary metabolites represent an overlooked, but important niche dimension for fungal communities in both functional sapwood and dead wood. 相似文献
17.
Large amounts (36.4 Mg ha−1 or 179 m3 ha−1) of buried dead wood were found in overmature (146–204-year-old) black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) forests in the high boreal region of eastern Canada. Amounts of this size indicate that burial reduces rates
of wood decay producing an important component of long-term carbon (C) storage. Radiocarbon-derived ages of black spruce stems
buried near the bottom of the organic soil horizon at three old-growth sites were up to 515 years old. Together with information
on current stand age, this suggests that the stems have been dead for more than 250 years. Most aboveground dead wood decays
or becomes fragmented within about 70 years of tree death in these forests. The presence of old yet well-preserved buried
wood suggests that decay rates are greatly reduced when downed dead wood is quickly overgrown by moss. Thus, the nature and
type of ground-layer vegetation influences the accumulation of organic matter in these forests. This process of dead wood
burial and the resultant addition to a large and long-enduring belowground C pool should be considered when estimating dead
wood abundance for habitat or forest C accounting and cycling. 相似文献
18.
Importance of habitat patch size for occupancy and density of aspen-associated saproxylic beetles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In Fennoscandian boreal forests, aspen (Populus tremula) is one of the most important tree species for biodiversity. In this study we explore how occupancy and density of beetles
associated with dead aspen are related to habitat patch size and connectedness in a 45,000 ha boreal managed forest landscape
in central Sweden. Patch size was estimated as amount of breeding substrate and connectedness as crown cover of living aspen
in the surrounding landscape. The beetles were sampled by sieving of bark or by inspection of species-characteristic galleries
in 56 patches with dead aspen. Six of nine aspen-associated species (Xylotrechus rusticus, Ptilinus fuscus, Mycetophagus fulvicollis, Cyphaea curtula, Homalota plana and Endomychus coccineus) showed a positive significant relationship between habitat patch size and occupancy. For all these species, except C. curtula, there was also a significant positive relationship between patch size and density. Connectedness was not retained as a significant
variable in the analyses. Species not defined as aspen-associated constituted a significantly larger proportion of the total
density of individuals of saproxylic beetles in smaller habitat patches than in larger patches. Richness of aspen-associated
species was positively related to habitat patch size. Efforts in the managed forest should be directed towards preserving
and creating larger patches of living and dead aspen trees and increasing the amount of aspen at the landscape level. 相似文献
19.
Radial-growth and wood-anatomical changes in overaged Quercus pyrenaica coppice stands: functional responses in a new Mediterranean landscape 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Leyre Corcuera J. Julio Camarero Sergio Sisó Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín 《Trees - Structure and Function》2006,20(1):91-98
Recent land-use changes in intensively managed forests such as Mediterranean coppice stands might profoundly alter their structure
and function. We assessed how the abandonment of traditional management practices in coppice stands, which consisted of short
cutting-cycles (10–15 years), has caused overaging (stems are usually much older than when they were coppiced) and altered
their wood anatomy and hydraulic architecture. We studied the recent changes of wood anatomy, radial growth, and hydraulic
architecture in two stands of Quercus pyrenaica, a transitional Mediterranean oak with ring-porous wood forming coppice stands in W–NW Spain. We selected a xeric and a mesic
site because of their contrasting climates and disturbance histories. The xeric site experienced an intense defoliation after
the severe 1993–1994 summer drought. The mesic site was thinned in late 1994. We studied the temporal variability in width,
vessel number and diameter, and predicted the hydraulic conductivities (K
h) of earlywood and latewood. In the mesic site, we estimated the vulnerability to xylem cavitation of earlywood vessels. Overaging
caused a steep decline in latewood production at a cambial age of 14 years., which was close to the customary cutting cycle
of Q. pyrenaica. The diameter distribution of vessels was bimodal, and latewood vessels only accounted for 4% of the K
h. Overaging, acting as a predisposing factor in the decline episode, was observed at the xeric site, where most trees did
not produce latewood in 1993–1995. At the mesic site, thinned trees formed wider tree-rings, more latewood and multiseriate
tree-rings than overaged trees. The growth enhancement remained 8 years after thinning. Most of the hydraulic conductivity
in earlywood was lost in a narrow range of potentials, between −2.5 and −3.5 MPa. We have shown how hydraulic conductivity
and radial growth are closely related in Q. pyrenaica and how aging modulates this relationship. 相似文献
20.
Aung Swe Rajesh Jeewon Stephen B. Pointing Kevin D. Hyde 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(6):1695-1714
Nematode-trapping fungi are ubiquitous in terrestrial habitats in dung, soils, litter and woody debris and they also occur
in freshwater, but only one species has been found in marine habitats. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate
whether nematode-trapping fungi occurred in mangrove habitats. To achieve this we assessed the diversity of nematode-trapping
fungi on decaying litter from mangroves, freshwater and terrestrial habitats (22 sites) in Hong Kong. Composite samples (n = 1,320) of decaying litter (wood and leaves) were examined and a total of 31 species of nematode-trapping fungi belonging
to four genera, Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, and Dactylella were recorded. Twenty-nine species reported in this study are new records for Hong Kong and 16 species are new records from
mangrove habitats worldwide. Nematode trapping fungi are therefore present in marine environments. Commonly encountered taxa
were Arthrobotrys oligospora and Monacrosporium thaumasium which are abundant in all habitats. A. oligospora, M. thaumasium and Arthrobotrys musiformis were frequent (F > 10%). Twenty-six species were rare (0.16–9.32%). Species richness and diversity was higher in terrestrial than in freshwater
and mangrove habitats (ANOVA, P < 0.001). A higher mean diversity was observed on decaying leaves as compared to decaying wood in all habitats (P < 0.001). Based on Shannon diversity index, it was also observed that taxa characterized by adhesive nets were more frequent
in all habitats. This can be explained by the fact that these taxa may have a better competitive saprotrophic ability which
would allow them to compete favourably in nutrient limited environments. Abiotic factors that could be linked to differences
in species diversity between decaying wood and leaves are also discussed. 相似文献