Effect of electrical stimulation-induced muscle force and streptomycin treatment on muscle and trabecular bone mass in early-stage disuse musculoskeletal atrophy

Objectives:

The aim was to determine whether daily muscle electrical stimulation (ES) and streptomycin treatment would have positive or negative effects on trabecular bone mass in disuse rats.

Methods:

Seven-week-old male F344 rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight animals each: an age-matched control group (CON); a sciatic denervation group (DN); a DN + direct electrical stimulation group (DN+ES); a DN + streptomycin treatment group (DN+SM); and a DN+ES+SM group. The tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in all ES groups were stimulated with 16mA at 10Hz for 30 min/day, six days/week, for one week. Bone volume and structure were evaluated using micro-CT, and histological examinations of the tibiae were performed.

Results:

Direct ES significantly reduced the disuse-induced trabecular bone loss. Osteoid thickness were also significantly greater in the ES groups than in the DN group. Micro CT and histomorphological parameters were significantly lower in the DN+ES+SM group than in the DN+ES group, while there were no significant differences between the DN and DN+SM groups.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that ES-induced muscle force reduced trabecular bone loss, and streptomycin treatment did not induce bone loss, but attenuated the effects of ES-induced muscle force on reducing the loss of disused bone.     

Dry-land strength training vs. electrical stimulation in sprint swimming performance

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of dry-land strength training vs. an electrical stimulation program on swimmers. Twenty-four national-level swimmers were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the dry-land strength training program (S), the electrical stimulation training program (ES), and the control (C) group. The training program lasted 4 weeks. The subjects were evaluated before the training, at the end of the training program, and 4 weeks later. The outcome values ascertained were peak torque during arm extension at different velocities (from -60 to 180°·s(-1)) using an isokinetic dynamometer and performance, stroke rate, and stroke length during a 50-m front crawl. A significant increase in swimming velocity and peak torque was observed for both S and ES at the end of the training and 4 weeks later. Stroke length increased in the S group but not in the ES group. However, no significant differences in swimming velocity between S and ES groups were observed. No significant changes occurred in the C group. Programs combining swimming training with dry-land strength or electrical stimulation programs led to a similar gain in sprint performance and were more efficient than swimming alone.     

Brief daily exposure to low-intensity vibration mitigates the degradation of the intervertebral disc in a frequency-specific manner

Hindlimb unloading of the rat causes rapid hypotrophy of the intervertebral disc (IVD) as well as reduced IVD height and glycosaminoglycan content. Here we tested the hypothesis that low-intensity mechanical vibrations (0.2 g), as a surrogate for exercise, will mitigate this degradation. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (4.5 mo, n = 11/group) were hindlimb unloaded (HU) for 4 wk. In two of the HU groups, unloading was interrupted for 15 min/day by placing rats in an upright posture on a platform that was vertically oscillating at 45 or 90 Hz (HU+45, HU+90). Sham control rats stood upright on an inactive plate for 15 min/day (HU+SC). These three experimental groups were compared with HU uninterrupted by weightbearing (HU) and to normally ambulating age-matched controls. In the HU and HU+SC rats, 4 wk of unloading resulted in a 10% smaller IVD height, as well as less glycosaminoglycan in the whole IVD (7%) and nucleus pulposus (17%) and a greater collagen-to-glycosaminoglycan ratio in the whole IVD (17%). Brief daily exposure to 90 Hz mechanical oscillations mitigated this degradation; compared with HU ± SC, the IVD of HU+90 had an 8% larger height and greater glycosaminoglycan content in the whole IVD (12%) and nucleus pulposus (24%). In contrast, the 45 Hz signal failed to mitigate changes in height or glycosaminoglycan content brought with altered spinal loading, but normalized the collagen-to-glycosaminoglycan ratio to levels observed in age-matched controls. In summary, unloading caused marked phenotypic and biochemical changes in the IVD, a deterioration that was not slowed by brief weightbearing. However, low-intensity 90 Hz vibrations superimposed on weightbearing largely preserved the morphology and biochemistry of the IVD and suggest that these biomechanically based signals may help protect the IVD during long bouts of nonambulation.     

Effects of two types of neuromuscular electrical stimulation training on vertical jump performance

This study examined the effects of different types of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) programs on vertical jump performance. Twenty seven healthy trained male students in sports-sciences were recruited and randomized into three groups. The control group (C group, n = 8) did not perform NMES training. Two other groups underwent 3 training sessions a week over 5 weeks on the quadriceps femoris muscle [F group (n = 9): stimulation with an 80 Hz current for 15 min for improving muscle strength; E group (n = 10): stimulation with a 25 Hz current for 60 min for improving muscle endurance]. The height of the vertical jump was measured before NMES training (test 1), one week (test 2) and five weeks (test 3) after the end of the programs. The results showed that the height of the vertical jump significantly increased in both the F and E groups between tests 1 and 2 (5 cm and 3 cm respectively). Results of test 3 showed that both groups preserved their gains. A NMES training program destined to improve muscle endurance does not interfere on vertical jump performance. It can even durably enhance it in the same way as a NMES training program destined to improve muscle strength. Thus, to improve muscle endurance without deteriorating muscle power, sportsmen can use electrical stimulation.     

Single session exercises and concurrent functional electrical stimulation are more effective on muscles’ force generation than only exercises in spinal cord injured persons: a feasibility study

Objectives:To evaluate impact of first therapy session, containing functional electrical stimulation (FES) and therapeutic exercises (TE) on erector spinae (ES) and rectus abdominis (RA) force generation in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Five men with SCI were divided in two groups - FES+TE received concurrent FES on ES and RA and TE, TE only TE. Participants performed exercises for improving sitting balance and posture. Muscles’ electrical activity was evaluated by electromyography; amplitude (AEMG) and median frequency (MF) were used for analysis.Results:AEMG of ES left (L) increased 292.9% (g=-0.92), right (R) 175% (g=-1.01), RA L 314.3% (g=-0,81, P<0.05), R 266.7% (g=-0.08) in FES+TE. AEMG of ES L increased 47.6% (g=-0.46), R 96.4% (g=-0.95); RA L 7.1% (g=-0.97), but R decreased 6.7% (g=0.12) in TE. MF of ES L increased 108.5% (g=-0.74), R 184% (g=-1.25); RA L 886.7% (g=3-05, P<0.05), R 817.6% (g=-2.55, P<0.05) in FES+TE. MF of ES L increased 95.2% (g=-1.02), R 161.4% (g=-1.64); RA L 3,2% (g=-0.06), R 30.8% (g=-0.46) in TE.Conclusions:In SCI persons, single session exercises and concurrent functional electrical stimulation may be more effective on muscles` force generation than only exercises. However, replication of the results is needed before clinical implementation.     

Morphological effects of electrical stimulation and intermittent muscle stretch after immobilization in soleus muscle

The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a combined protocol of muscle stretching and strengthening after immobilization of the hindlimb. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: group immobilized for 14 days to cause full plantar flexion by cast (GI, n = 6); group immobilized/stretched (GIS, n = 6): submitted to the same immobilization and to 10 days of passive stretching; group immobilized/electrically stimulated (GIES, n = 6): similarly immobilized and submitted to 10 days of low frequency electrical stimulation (ES); group immobilized/stretched/electrically stimulated (GISES, n = 6): similarly immobilized, submitted to 10 days of stretching and ES application; group immobilized/free (GIF, n = 3): similarly immobilized and then left with free limbs for 10 days; control group (CG, n = 3). The middle portion of the soleus muscle was frozen and sections were stained with HE or mATPase. Morphological analysis revealed high cellular reactivity in the GISES, GIES and GIS groups. The lesser diameter and proportion of type I fibers (TIF) and type II fibers (TIIF) (at pH 9.4) and connective area (at HE stain) were measured with an image analyzer and the data obtained were analyzed statistically by the unpaired Student t-test (p < or = 0.05). The results indicated that: a) immobilization generated atrophy of both fiber types (p < 0.05); b) joint application of ES and stretching was not efficient in reestablishing the size of the two fiber types compared to CG (p < 0.05); c) the ES protocol reestablished only the size of TIIF, which showed values similar to those detected in CG (p < 0.05); d) the stretch increased the proliferation of the perimysium connective tissue (p < 0.05). Thus, we conclude that, in the model applied here to female rats, a stretching protocol may limit the volume protein gain of soleus muscle fibers and increase the connective interstitial tissue.     

Evaluation of femoral perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI after simultaneous initiation of electrical stimulation and steroid treatment in an osteonecrosis model

This study aimed to evaluate femoral perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for two weeks after the simultaneous initiation of electrical stimulation (ES) and steroid treatment in a steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON) model. A single dose of methylprednisolone was injected into 14 rabbits. Seven rabbits underwent ES (ES group), and seven rabbits did not (control group). DCE-MRI was performed before steroid administration and 1, 5, 10, and 14 days after steroid administration. Regions of interest were set in the bilateral proximal femora. The enhancement ratio, initial slope, and area under the curve were analyzed. These parameters were evaluated after steroid administration in each group and between the two groups, and the ratios of ON in both groups were compared. In the control group, the minimum values of all parameters decreased significantly after steroid administration (P < 0.05), but in the ES group, the parameters did not decrease. In the ES group, all parameter values were significantly increased on the 10th and 14th days (P < 0.05). All parameter values in the ES group were significantly higher than those in the control group on the 14th day (P < 0.05). In the control group, ON was detected in three of five rabbits (in three of ten femora). In the ES group, ON was not detected. These results suggest that increased femoral blood flow elicited by ES may be related to ON prevention after steroid administration.     

生物反馈电刺激联合Kegel训练对产后盆底功能障碍性疾病患者盆底功能电生理指标和生活质量的影响

目的:观察生物反馈电刺激联合Kegel训练对产后盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)患者盆底功能电生理指标和生活质量的影响。方法:研究对象为2018年3月~2020年12月我院收治的80例产后PFD患者。采用双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组(n=40)和研究组(n=40)。对照组给予Kegel训练,研究组给予生物反馈电刺激联合Kegel训练,两组均治疗8周。对比两组治疗8周后的疗效和尿失禁、盆底器官脱垂程度的改善情况。对比两组治疗前、治疗8周后的盆底功能电生理指标、日常生活质量和性生活质量。结果:治疗8周后,研究组的临床总有效率较对照组高(P<0.05)。治疗8周后,研究组I类肌纤维疲劳度、Ⅱ类肌纤维疲劳度、快肌最大肌电值及阴道动态压力均优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗8周后尿失禁、盆底器官脱垂程度的改善情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗8周后,研究组盆底功能影响问卷简表(PIFQ-7)评分、盆腔器官脱垂-尿失禁性功能问卷(PISQ-12)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:产后PFD患者采用生物反馈电刺激联合Kegel训练治疗疗效明确,可促进尿失禁、盆底器官脱垂程度情况及盆底功能改善,提高患者日常生活质量和性生活质量。     

In vitro and in vivo developmental competence of dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) oocytes following in vitro fertilization or parthenogenetic activation

Parthenogenetic activation of the oocyte represents an important step in the somatic cloning. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness (in term of in vitro development) of different methods of parthenogenetic activation of dromedary oocytes. Selected cumulus-oocytes-complexes (n=1264) collected by follicular aspiration from ovaries obtained postmortem were matured in vitro (IVM) for 30 h then divided randomly into seven groups and submitted to artificial activation. Two groups were preactivated with 25 microM of calcium ionophore (CaI) for 20 min then incubated for 4h with either 2mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) (group 1, n=202) or with 10 microg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) (group 2, n=194). Group 3 (n=172) and group 4 (n=184), oocytes were pretreated with 5 microM ionomycin (Iono) for 5 min then incubated with either 2mM 6-DMAP or 10 microg/mL cycloheximide for 4h, respectively. Group 5 (n=161) and group 6 (n=155) oocytes were preactivated with electrical stimulation (ES) then activated with either 2mM 6-DMAP or 10 microg/mL cycloheximide for 4h, respectively. Group 7 (n=196) oocytes were submitted to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and served as a control. All groups containing oocytes were cultured in vitro following activation or IVF, at 38.5 degrees C under 5% CO(2) in air with >95% humidity. The in vitro development rates of dromedary oocytes exposed to 6-DMAP after CaI (61%), ES (74%) and the IVF group (71%) were similar and significantly greater (P<0.05) than other treatments (10% for group 2, 47% for group 3, 27% for group 4 and 41% for group 6). The blastocyst developmental rate was better (P<0.05) in parthenotes following activation with Iono/6-DMAP (21%) compared to activation with Iono/CHX (12%). However, all were less than that achieved in the IVF group (35%). We conclude that parthenogenetic activation of camel oocytes with 6-DMAP is more effective than activation with CHX for all pre-treatments tested (CaI, Iono or ES). The viability of activated (n=15) or IVF (n=10) hatched-dromedary embryos was examined by transfer to synchronized recipients. An embryonic vesicle was seen by ultrasonography at 15 days post transfer in four females (CaI/6-DMAP: 1/5; 20%, IVF: 3/10; 30%). The only pseudopregnancy obtained with an activated embryo resorbed at 25 days. One of the females receiving the IVF produced embryos aborted at 2 months and the other two females carried to term and gave birth to healthy calves (one female and one male). This study shows that artificial activation of dromedary oocytes with CaI/6-DMAP or ES/6-DMAP is more effective than other treatments in terms of in vitro embryo development. This provides efficient activation conditions which may lead to the development of the somatic cell nuclear transfer procedure in dromedary.     

The Effects of Comprehensive Warm-Up Programs on Proprioception,Static and Dynamic Balance on Male Soccer Players

Purpose

The study investigated the effects of FIFA 11+ and HarmoKnee, both being popular warm-up programs, on proprioception, and on the static and dynamic balance of professional male soccer players.

Methods

Under 21 year-old soccer players (n = 36) were divided randomly into 11+, HarmoKnee and control groups. The programs were performed for 2 months (24 sessions). Proprioception was measured bilaterally at 30°, 45° and 60° knee flexion using the Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Static and dynamic balances were evaluated using the stork stand test and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), respectively.

Results

The proprioception error of dominant leg significantly decreased from pre- to post-test by 2.8% and 1.7% in the 11+ group at 45° and 60° knee flexion, compared to 3% and 2.1% in the HarmoKnee group. The largest joint positioning error was in the non-dominant leg at 30° knee flexion (mean error value = 5.047), (p<0.05). The static balance with the eyes opened increased in the 11+ by 10.9% and in the HarmoKnee by 6.1% (p<0.05). The static balance with eyes closed significantly increased in the 11+ by 12.4% and in the HarmoKnee by 17.6%. The results indicated that static balance was significantly higher in eyes opened compared to eyes closed (p = 0.000). Significant improvements in SEBT in the 11+ (12.4%) and HarmoKnee (17.6%) groups were also found.

Conclusion

Both the 11+ and HarmoKnee programs were proven to be useful warm-up protocols in improving proprioception at 45° and 60° knee flexion as well as static and dynamic balance in professional male soccer players. Data from this research may be helpful in encouraging coaches or trainers to implement the two warm-up programs in their soccer teams.     

AKAP5在电刺激大鼠三叉神经核尾侧复合体的表达

目的：利用电刺激大鼠的偏头痛动物模型,研究与偏头痛病理生理关系密切的AKAP5 基因在动物模型中的表达。方法：体重为250克左右SD大鼠27 只,随机分为a 对照组（n=4）、b 电刺激30 分钟组（n=6）、c 电刺激60 分钟组（n=6）、d 电刺激120 分钟组（n=5）和e 吗啡干预＋电刺激120 分钟组（n=6）,共5组。对照组不予刺激,其余各组电刺激不同时间,各组结束后立即断头取脑,取出延髓及上颈段（至颈2）,利用western-blot技术对AKAP5 在三叉神经核尾侧复合体中的表达进行研究。结果：AKAP5 在大鼠三叉神经核尾侧复合体中有表达,各组AKAP5 积分密度比值分别为2.804,0.913,1.383,0.634,1.030,组间表达无显著差异（P=0.9921＞0.05）。结论：AKAP5 在电刺激与对照组中的表达无显著差异,吗啡对AKAP5 的表达无显著影响。     

Peripheral and central alterations of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat in response to activation of the trigeminovascular system

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is present in the cranial arteries and trigeminal sensory neurons. We therefore examined the alterations in PACAP-like immunoreactivity (PACAP-LI) in a time-dependent manner in two rat models of trigeminovascular system (TS) activation. In one group chemical stimulation (CS) was performed with i.p. nitroglycerol (NTG), and in the other one the trigeminal ganglia (TRG) were subjected to electrical stimulation (ES). The two biologically active forms, PACAP-38 and PACAP-27, were determined by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and mass spectrometry (MS) in the plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), the spinal cord (SC) and the TRG. The tissue concentrations of PACAP-27 were 10 times lower than those of PACAP-38 in the TNC and SC, but about half in the TRG. PACAP-38, but not PACAP-27, was present in the plasma. Neither form could be identified in the CSF. PACAP-38-LI in the plasma, SC and TRG remained unchanged after CS, but it was increased significantly in the TNC 90 and 180 min after NTG injection. In response to ES of the TRG, the level of PACAP-38 in the plasma and the TNC was significantly elevated 90 and 180 min later, but not in the SC or the TRG. The alterations in the levels of PACAP-27 in the tissue homogenates in response to both forms of stimulation were identical to those of PACAP-38. The selective increases in both forms of PACAP in the TNC suggest its important role in the central sensitization involved in migraine-like headache.     

虚拟现实平衡训练联合神经肌肉电刺激对前交叉韧带重建术后患者膝关节功能、腘绳肌肌力和步行功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨虚拟现实平衡训练联合神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）对前交叉韧带重建术（ACLR）后患者膝关节功能、腘绳肌肌力和步行功能的影响。方法：选择2019年8月~2021年12月期间我院收治的前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤患者96例,并成功实施ACLR,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（n=48,常规康复训练、虚拟现实平衡训练）和研究组（n=48,常规康复训练、虚拟现实平衡训练联合NMES干预）。对比两组膝关节功能优良率、膝关节功能、腘绳肌肌力和步行功能。结果：研究组的临床膝关节功能优良率93.75%（45/48）高于对照组68.75%（33/48）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组干预后膝关节功能评分、膝关节活动度对均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后患侧腘绳肌等长肌力升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）,两组干预后健侧腘绳肌等长肌力对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。两组干预后步长、步速升高,且研究组高于对照组,患侧摆动相降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后被动活动察觉阀值、进行被动角度再生试验降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：虚拟现实平衡训练联合NMES应用于ACLR术后患者的疗效显著,有助于其膝关节功能恢复,提高腘绳肌肌力,改善步行功能。     

Muscle enzyme adaptations to added load during training and nontraining hours in rats

The effects of added load (20% of body mass) on the selected enzyme activities of red and white quadriceps femoris (QF), soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles of rats were studied. The rats were divided into sedentary control (SC), sedentary control with added load (SC+AL), endurance training (ET), and endurance training with added load (ET+AL) groups (n = 10 rats/group). After 6 wk, the SC+AL group had 57% higher (P less than 0.001) beta-glucuronidase (beta-GU) activity and 24% lower (P less than 0.05) citrate synthase activity in white QF than SC. Citrate synthase activity was also decreased in red QF (P less than 0.05) after the added load was used during nontraining hours. The training with added load induced similar but more pronounced changes than normal endurance training, especially in white QF. The ET+AL group demonstrated higher citrate synthase activity in white QF (P less than 0.001) and gastrocnemius (P less than 0.01) and higher malate dehydrogenase activity (P less than 0.05) and beta-GU activity (P less than 0.001) in white QF than the ET group. ET+AL rats also had higher phosphofructokinase (P less than 0.01) and lower creatine kinase (P less than 0.001) activity in white QF than ET rats. In conclusion, the added load without training had minor adaptive influences on muscles. The added load during training hours seemed to be an effective means of influencing the activation and adaptation in muscles that contain fast glycolytic fibers.     

功能性电刺激联合循环运动系统对老年脑卒中后肌肉衰减综合征患者肢体功能、平衡能力以及认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究功能性电刺激联合循环运动系统对老年脑卒中后肌肉衰减综合征患者肢体功能、平衡能力以及认知功能的影响。方法：选择2020年6月到2021年6月在我院进行康复治疗的老年脑卒中后肌肉衰减综合征患者64例,据其治疗方式的不同分为对照组和研究组,两组患者均给予常规康复治疗,对照组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用功能性电刺激治疗,而研究组在对照组基础上加用脑循环系统治疗仪进行治疗,比较两组患者临床治疗疗效。使用运动功能评分法（FMA）和上肢功能评定（STEF）评价肢体患者功能,使用平衡量表（BBS）和Fuglg-Meyer平衡量表（FM-B）评价患者平衡能力,使用自拟认知量表评价患者认知功能。结果：（1）研究组患者临床治疗总有效率较对照组高（93.75 % vs 75.00 %,P<0.05）;（2）两组患者治疗后FMA和STEF评分均显著增高（P<0.05）,并且研究组患者治疗后BBS和FM-B评分显著高于对照组患者（P<0.05）;（3）两组患者治疗后BBS和FM-B评分均显著增高,并且研究组患者治疗后BBS和FM-B评分显著高于对照组患者（P<0.05）;（4）两组患者治疗后认知功能评分均升高,并且研究组患者较对照组患者高（P<0.05）。结论：功能性电刺激联合循环运动系统对老年脑卒中后肌肉衰减综合征患者具有显著的临床治疗效果,可显著改善患者肢体功能、平衡能力和认知功能。     

经颅直流电刺激对帕金森病伴快速眼动相睡眠行为障碍患者认知功能及神经功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经颅直流电刺激对帕金森病伴快速眼动相睡眠行为障碍患者认知功能及神经功能的影响。方法：选择2018年9月-2019年9月在我院接受治疗的69例帕金森病伴快速眼动相睡眠行为障碍患者,采用随机数表法分为电刺激组（n=35）和对照组（n=34）。对照组给予常规抗帕金森病治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予经颅直流电刺激治疗。比较两组临床疗效、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、自主神经症状量表（SCOPA-AUT）、睡眠情况、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、Epworth嗜睡量表（ESS）评分、匹兹堡睡眠指数（PSQI）、帕金森氏病综合评分量表（UPDRS）变化情况。结果：治疗后,电刺激组有效率91.43%（32/35）较对照组70.59%（24/34）显著升高,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,电刺激组与对照组之间认知功能及神经功能结果无差异;治疗后,电刺激组与对照组MoCA均随着时间的推移均呈上升趋势,且电刺激组上升程度较较组更低,SCOPA-AUT均随着时间的推移均呈下降趋势,且电刺激组下降程度较对照组更低（P<0.05）;治疗前,电刺激组与对照组之间临床睡眠情况结果无差异;治疗后,电刺激组与对照组总睡眠时间、睡眠效率均随着时间的推移均呈上升趋势,且电刺激组上升程度较对照组更低,醒觉指数均随着时间的推移呈下降趋势,且电刺激组下降程度较对照组更低（P<0.05）;治疗前,电刺激组与对照组之间抑郁、嗜睡情况无差异;治疗后,电刺激组与对照组抑郁、嗜睡均随着时间的推移均呈下降趋势,且电刺激组下降程度较对照组更低（P<0.05）;治疗前,电刺激组与对照组之间PSQI、UPDRS评分无差异;治疗后,电刺激组与对照组PSQI、UPDRS评分均随着时间的推移均呈下降趋势,且电刺激组下降程度较对照组更低（P<0.05）。结论：在帕金森病伴快速眼动相睡眠行为障碍患者中应用经颅直流电刺激效果显著,可有效改善认知功能及神经功能水平。     

低频电刺激结合康复训练对脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者排尿症状、膀胱功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨低频电刺激结合康复训练对脊髓损伤(SCI)诱发神经源性膀胱(NB)患者排尿症状、膀胱功能及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2017年3月～2019年12月期间我院收治的SCI诱发NB患者97例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=48)和研究组(n=49),对照组患者予以康复训练,研究组在对照组基础上联合低频电刺激,比较两组患者排尿症状、膀胱功能、生活质量及并发症发生情况。结果:两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后日膀胱内压力、24 h单次排尿量、排尿次数、膀胱容量均较治疗前增加,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05);残余尿量均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后膀胱功能积分均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗4周后情感职能、躯体疼痛、精神健康、活力、生理职能、生理机能、健康状况、社会功能维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:低频电刺激结合康复训练治疗SCI诱发NB患者,可有效改善患者排尿症状,提高其膀胱功能及生活质量,同时还可减少并发症发生率,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sprint training on muscle function and dynamic athletic performance and to compare them with the training effects induced by standard plyometric training. Male physical education students were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: sprint group (SG; n = 30), plyometric group (PG; n = 30), or control group (CG; n = 33). Maximal isometric squat strength, squat- and countermovement jump (SJ and CMJ) height and power, drop jump performance from 30-cm height, and 3 athletic performance tests (standing long jump, 20-m sprint, and 20-yard shuttle run) were measured prior to and after 10 weeks of training. Both experimental groups trained 3 days a week; SG performed maximal sprints over distances of 10-50 m, whereas PG performed bounce-type hurdle jumps and drop jumps. Participants in the CG group maintained their daily physical activities for the duration of the study. Both SG and PG significantly improved drop jump performance (15.6 and 14.2%), SJ and CMJ height ( approximately 10 and 6%), and standing long jump distance (3.2 and 2.8%), whereas the respective effect sizes (ES) were moderate to high and ranged between 0.4 and 1.1. In addition, SG also improved isometric squat strength (10%; ES = 0.4) and SJ and CMJ power (4%; ES = 0.4, and 7%; ES = 0.4), as well as sprint (3.1%; ES = 0.9) and agility (4.3%; ES = 1.1) performance. We conclude that short-term sprint training produces similar or even greater training effects in muscle function and athletic performance than does conventional plyometric training. This study provides support for the use of sprint training as an applicable training method of improving explosive performance of athletes in general.     

三通道电刺激仪的研制及对臂丛神经损伤的临床疗效

目的:研制可用于臂丛神经损伤治疗的三通道电刺激仪,并且将之应用于临床臂丛神经损伤患者,观察该仪器治疗臂丛神经损伤的临床效果。方法:由主控模块、显示模块、键盘模块、三个通道的电刺激发生器模块以及电源模块组成系统,可以连续交替释放脉冲刺激,针对不同神经和肌肉,选择不同的刺激位点。将60例臂丛神经损伤术后的患者随机分成试验组(30例)和对照组(30例),试验组术后第三周使用三通道电刺激仪治疗,对照组不做处理,患者术后随访6-12月后,观察患者上肢肩部、肘部功能恢复情况。结果:试验组治疗后上臂丛、全臂丛、下臂丛的肩部、肘部功能均好于治疗前,差异明显,均有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组上臂丛、全臂丛、下臂丛的肩部、肘部治疗效果均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:三通道电刺激仪可以有效地促进臂丛神经损伤后上肢功能的康复,可以对三组神经和肌肉交替进行电刺激,使用方便,并且便于携带,患者较为满意。     

Early phase changes by concurrent endurance and strength training

To compare regimens of concurrent strength and endurance training, 26 male basketball players were matched for stature, body composition, and physical activity level. Subjects completed different training programs for 7 weeks, 4 days per week. Groups were as follows: (a) the strength group (S; n = 7) did strength training; (b) the endurance group (E; n = 7) did endurance training; (c) the strength and endurance group (S + E; n = 7) combined strength and endurance training; and (d) the control group (C; n = 5) had no training. The S + E group showed greater gains in Vo(2)max than the E group did (12.9% vs. 6.8%), whereas the S group showed a decline (8.8%). Gains were noted in strength and vertical jump performance for the S + E and S groups. The S + E group had better posttraining anaerobic power than the S group did (6.2% vs. 2.9%). No strength, power, or anaerobic power gains were present for the E and C groups. We conclude that concurrent endurance and strength training is more effective in terms of improving athletic performance than are endurance and strength training apart.