陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科两新属和新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae 2新属、新种：Triassochoristites jinsuoguanensis gen．et sp．nov．,Forcinerva tongchuanensis gen．et sp．nov．化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stagc)。     

中国陕西铜川中三叠世二叠澳蝎蛉科新属新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中国陕西铜川中三叠世1新属和1新种。化石采自铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部灰绿色泥页岩。根据脉序特征,新属、新种应归于二叠澳蝎岭科Permochoristidae,新属种的名称为Qingochorista conjunctiva gen.et sp．nov．,属于陕西昆虫群(系中三叠世陕西生物群的一个化石门类)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stagc)。     

贵州盘县中三叠统混鱼龙类化石的初步研究

记述贵州省盘县新民乡羊圈村中三叠统关岭组上段的混鱼龙3种,其中有一新种:Mixosaurus mao-taiensis Young,1965,emend.nov.,Mixosaurus cornalianus(Bassani),1886和Mixosaurus yangjuanensis sp.nov.。与混鱼龙类化石同层产出的有真颌鱼类和龙鱼类化石,真颌鱼类的特征比意大利和瑞士边界地区安尼-拉丁期和拉丁期早期普罗山头组(Prosanto Formation)所产的始真颌鱼Eoeugnathus进步,混鱼龙新种也比意-瑞边界地区安尼-拉丁期过渡期的混鱼龙进步。因此,我们推测当前混鱼龙类化石的层位可能包括从下安尼阶上部到拉丁阶下部的一段地层,不是简单的一个化石层,此问题尚待进一步深入研究。     

重庆市统景镇中三叠世雷口坡组孢粉和疑源类化石

雷口坡组是四川盆地内一套以灰岩、白云岩夹岩溶角砾岩及砂泥岩为主并含石膏、盐岩的沉积地层,产丰富海相动物化石,时代属中三叠世早期。本文从重庆市统景镇雷口坡组3块样品中获得了大量微体植物化石,是该组微体植物化石的首次发现,对其生物群具有重要的补充意义。组合中见有Aratrisporites granulatus,A.paraspinosus,Lundbladisporasp.和Taeniaesporites kraeuseli等常见于三叠纪的陆生植物孢粉以及海相疑源类Sulcusicystisechinatus,时代为中三叠世,与海相动物化石所示时代一致。后者或许可作为区域地层对比的标志化石。     

中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科一新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard,19181新种,宽形中蝎蛉Mesopanorpodes latus sp.nov.。化石标本采自于陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。新种属于陕西昆虫群铜川昆虫组合的新成员(属陕西动物群、陕西生物群的一个类别)。模式标本保存于北京自然博物馆标本馆。     

中国陕西铜川中三叠世二叠蝎蛉科两新属两新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中国陕西中三叠统铜川组二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae Tillyard,1918 2新属及2新种:陕西蝎蛉属Shaanxichorista gen.nov.,何家坊陕西蝎蛉S.hejiafangensis sp.nov.和化石蝎蛉属Choristites gen.nov.,马廷生化石蝎蛉C.matinsoni sp.nov.,前一新属以其翅呈近三角形;Sc很长,伸达R端部,带3支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;Rs MA主干明显短于MA;MP带5支,很早与Sc R MA汇合,之后与之分离,又与CuA汇合,形成一支合并脉M CuA;Pt不明显等特征与中蝎蛉属Mesochorista、秦蝎蛉属Qinochorista区别.后一新属以其翅呈近卵形;Sc、Rs很长,伸达R端部;Sc带6支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;MA柄稍短于Rs MA主干;MA基部弯曲;MP带5支,基部弯曲,直接与CuA汇合,形成R MP CuA;Pt不明显等特征的脉序结构可与中蝎蛉属Mesocho-rista、里阿斯蝎蛉属Liassochorista明显区别.新属、种系陕西昆虫群(属中三叠世陕西生物群、也是陕西动物群的一个化石门类)铜川昆虫组合的新成员.时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(或阶)(Ladinian Stage).     

中国陕西中三叠世直脉蝎蛉科和新直脉蝎蛉科新属、种(昆虫纲,长翅目)(英文)

记述直脉蝎蛉科两亚属的两新种和新直脉蝎蛉科1新属、种,并讨论其分类位置.这些新属种是本区独特的地方性类群,对地层划分与对比有一定的意义.化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥页岩.这些新属种也是铜川昆虫组合的新成员,属陕西昆虫群(系陕西生物群的一个化石类别).根据陕西生物群的特征,其时代相当欧洲中三叠世拉丁期(Ladinian Stage).     

Hybodontiform sharks from Middle Triassic Chang 7 Member of the Ordos Basin,Shaanxi, North China: palaeobiological and palaeoecological significances

The lacustrine ecosystem of the early Ladinian of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin (Shaanxi, North China) was proposed as the earliest known Mesozoic-type, trophically multileveled lacustrine ecosystem after the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). However, the speculated top predator shark was a mere conjecture from coiled coprolites. Herein, thirty-one shark teeth from the organic-rich mudstones of the Chang 7 Member at the Bawangzhuang section, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, North China are described in detail. Two taxa of hybodontiformes, Hybodus? youngi and Hybodus sp., are identified. Based on new material and a re-examination of original material, the previously described Hybodus youngi is substantially revised by adding several newly recognized anatomical features that include flared lateral cusplets, orthodont crown with a pulp cavity surrounded by numerous dentine tubules and a monognathic heterodonty. The results indicate that at least two different hybodont sharks, associated with Saurichthys of ca. 1 m in total length, occupied the higher trophic levels of the Chang 7 Member’s lacustrine ecosystem. The re-establishment of large predator niches encompassing diverse large predators with multiple dietary habits further supports the full recovery of the lacustrine ecosystem structure 10 Myr after the EPME.     

Trusheimichnus New Ichnogenus From the Middle Triassic of the Germanic Basin,Southern Germany

The study of Jurassic Zoophycos from south‐eastern France has led us to some original results concerning its morphological organization and paleoenvironmental significance. Zoophycos represents a spreite constituted by a coiling lamina, constructed upwards in sediments, with only one opening at the sediment‐water interface. Zoophycos, produced by a deep sediment feeder, is emplaced late in an almost coherent substrate, intermediate between soft and firm ground. This suggests periods of very low or no sedimentation during which time the trace was constructed.

The Zoophycos studied developed on slope areas, characterized by a particular style of sedimentation: periods of nutrient supplies coming from proximal areas, alternating with periods of sedimentary breaks. Other paleoecologic and paleoethologic characteristics of the Zoophycos‐producer are discussed here: working activity, competition behavior, substrate modification, growing pattern and burrow oxygenation are the most interesting.     

Temnospondyl amphibians from the Jurassic of the Southern Junggar Basin (NW China)

For the first time, remains of post-Triassic temnosponyls are described from the southern Junggar Basin (NW China). Middle Jurassic material from the uppermost part of the Toutunhe Formation consists of several isolated but well preserved skull bones and intercentra from all regions of the body that can be attributed to a brachyopid. The material in part shares important autapomorphies withGobiops desertus Shishkin, 1991, from the Upper Jurassic of Outer Mongolia, and is consequently referred to this taxon, partially with reservation. This represents the first record of this genus from China. It also yields new anatomical data and permits an emended diagnosis.Ferganobatrachus from the Middle Jurassic of Kirghisia is probably, as also shown by the new material, congeneric withGobiops. Two fragmentary specimens from the lower part of the Upper Jurassic Qigu Formation are tentatively referred to the Brachyopoidea because of features of the skull, mandible and vertebral column. They probably both represent a single taxon that was larger and more massively built thanGobiops desertus but closely related to this form.      

First record of Eretmophyllum (Ginkgoales) with well-preserved cuticle from the Middle Jurassic of the Ordos Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

The genus Eretmophyllum, a characteristic and widespread taxon of the order Ginkgoales, is restricted in the Mesozoic floras of Eurasia. In China, although some specimens were assigned to Eretmophyllum based on gross leaf morphology, none have epidermal structure, which is essential for species delimitation within this genus. In this paper, we describe a new species, Eretmophyllum neimengguensis n. sp., from the Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation of the Ordos Basin, China. This is the first record of the genus Eretmophyllum (Ginkgoales) from the Ordos Basin as well as from China based upon the gross leaf morphology and the epidermal structure. The new record significantly extends the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Eretmophyllum in China and Eurasia. It also improves our understanding of its leaf morphology, epidermal structure, and past diversity. The taxonomic position and the stratigraphic and geographical range of the genus Eretmophyllum are discussed. Briefly, leaf morphological and epidermal characters of the new species, associated plant assemblages, and sedimentology indicate that the regional climate of the Ordos Basin was warm and humid with seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations in warm-temperate zone during the Middle Jurassic. Furthermore, given the relationship between the distribution/diversity of the genus and the climate, the genus Eretmophyllum may be confined to the warm-temperature climate, is intolerant of heat and frost, and can be considered as an indicator of humid and warm climatic conditions.     

Microfossil assemblage from the Late of Middle Carboniferous in Western Shaan-Gan-Ning Basin,Northwest China

In this paper, some results of the study on the sporepollen of the Yanghugou Formation in the western Shaan-Gan-Ning (Ordos) Basin of Northwest China axe reported. Plenty of well preserved microfossil, which 136 types belong to 62 microspore genera and one megaspore genus, including 2 new genera , 13 new species, I Acritarch (Chamosphaera pseudozonatus gen. et sp. nov.), from 8 bore-holes and outcrop have been discribed. In generally, the microfiora of the Yanghugou Formation is similar to the Taiyuan Formation (Upper Carboniferous). According to the spore-pollen assemblage of Yanghugou Formation may correlate with those in the Middle Carboniferous of Great Britain, Belgium the north of France, German and North America. Besides, the assemblage are similar to Middle Carboniferous of Nortth Shandong and Hengshanbu of Ningxia in the microfossil assemblage. The geological age of the beds is considered to Late of Middle Carboniferous.     

中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的新发现之一:山西的肯氏兽类（英文）

近年来在山西省境内沿黄河一带采集到一些新的四足动物化石。在临县白道峪铜川组一段产出的化石中,至少有一种副肯氏兽和一种新的中国肯氏兽——白道峪中国肯氏兽(Sinokannemeyeria baidaoyuensis sp.nov.)。新种以其前额骨向前延伸到达鼻孔后凹一线的特征区别于其他中国肯氏兽。这一材料的长牙未被前颌骨完全包裹,可能是不正常发育所致。在柳林的二马营组地层中识别出不同于中国肯氏兽和副肯氏兽的第三个肯氏兽属。这些新发现增加了中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的组分以及时代延限。     

贵州兴义中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群粪化石

粪化石是重要的遗迹化石,其内含物信息可为讨论生物行为、生理、相互关系、古环境等提供重要证据,进而对恢复和重建地质历史时期的生态系统等有重要意义。本文首次报道了贵州省兴义市泥麦古剖面中三叠世拉丁期兴义动物群化石层第35自然层的7种不同形态的粪化石。通过观察粪化石的内含物情况,发现其主要由贵州龙骨骼和鱼鳞组成,极少含有无脊椎动物碎片,表明粪化石来源于非壳食性的肉食性动物。依据粪化石的尺寸、缺少螺旋结构及相对较小的内含物碎片等信息,排除动物源是无脊椎动物、大型肉食性鱼类及大型鱼龙类的可能。结合兴义动物群下部化石组合海生爬行类实体化石的信息,进一步推断所研究粪化石的动物源应为非鱼龙的海生爬行动物,很可能是幻龙类、鸥龙类或海龙类。本文报道的7种形态的粪化石显示该下部化石层中的海生爬行动物之间至少存在1级营养等级的差异,这为恢复和重建中三叠世拉丁期海洋生态系统提供了重要依据。另外微生物的参与及泥质含量较高的厌氧环境使得该层的粪化石保存完好。     

云南罗平中三叠世意外裸鱼的再研究

意外裸鱼(Gymnoichthys inopinatus)于2010年由Tintori等首次记述并归入基干新鳍鱼类。依据在云南省曲靖地区罗平县大凹子村中三叠世关岭组二段发现的新材料,对意外裸鱼进行了补充描述,并重新讨论了其系统发育关系。在意外裸鱼的新标本上,可见其续骨前端很可能与关节骨相关节,并有确切无疑的单一辅上颌骨,表明意外裸鱼应为鲱亚部(Halecomorphi)鱼类。此外,意外裸鱼的体表无鳞、椎体未骨化、髓棘和髓弓的结构和排列方式以及牙齿和尾脉棘的形状都与金尾鱼超科鱼类(caturoids)一致。系统发育分析结果表明意外裸鱼属于金尾鱼超科的基干类群。之前金尾鱼类主要见于欧洲和北美的侏罗系,现在公认的金尾鱼超科鱼类主要包括Liodesmidae中的Liodesmus属和金尾鱼科(Caturidae)中的Caturus和Amblysemius两属。意外裸鱼的发现不仅使金尾鱼类的出现提前了40Ma,而且填补了我国相关材料的空缺。     

Middle Triassic Palynological assemblage in the Wangjiashan Basin of Jingyuan,Gansu and Its Stratigraphical Significance

The sediments, overlain by the Middle Jurassic strata in the Wangjia-shan Basin, are a sequence of grey-green sandstones and mudstones and sum more than700 m. It was originally refered to Late Triassic in age. The palynomorph-bearingsamples were collected from the upper part of the sequence in a bore hole. Three sam-ples yielded a, bundant plant microfossils. The sporepollen assemblage consists of 63 species (types) and 51 genera, including 3 new species, namely, Cyclogranisporites callosus, Verrucosisporites wangjiashanensis and Longdongspora jingyuanensis. The component and constituent percentages of palynological assemblage are listedin Tab. 1, in which Pteridophytic spores hold predominant place (67.1%), Gymnospermous pollen reach 32.9%. Among the Pteridophytic spares Punctatisporites (8 forms)plays an important role in assemblage up to 32.3%, followed by Verrucosisporites, Calamospora, Duplexisporites and Apiculatisporis. Besides, Lundbladispora, Kraeuselis-porites and Aratrisporites are represented only by individual specimens. In Gymnospe-rmous pollen Disaccites hold 11.3%, Disaccite striatiti 13.1%, by amplification of Tae-niaesporites reaching 7.2%,others are Piceites, Protoconiferus and Parataeniaesporites.Angustisulcites and Chordasporites are a few in the assemblage. The present assemblage is quite different from the early and upper Triassic paly-nological assemblages of Shan-Gan-Ning Basin, (Qu Li-fan, 1980, 1982) but rather similar to that of the middle Triassic Tongchuan Formation. (Qu Li-fan, 1980; Liu Zhao-sheng et al, 1981) There are 33 genera and 18 species in common between the present assemblage and that of the Tongchuan Formation. Therefore, the present assemblage maybe assigned to the younger age of Middle Triassic. The bearingbed of the spore-pollen assemblage is called the Nanyinger Group. Thisgroup was compared originally with the Yanchang Group of Shan-Gan-Ning Basin, referring to Late Triassic. Based on present data, the Nanyinger Group may include se-diments of younger age of Middle Triassic.