蓖麻蚕卵黄磷蛋白鉴定、纯化及抗血清制备

本文通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE)法,分析了蓖麻蚕卵黄蛋白质组分,对即黄磷蛋白(Vitellin Vn.)进行了鉴定、纯化,并制备了抗血清。对卵黄磷蛋白的分子量及相对含量进行了测定。并证明卵黄磷蛋白若处在酸性pH条件下能降解。     

红螯光壳螯虾卵黄磷蛋白的分离纯化和鉴定

采用凝胶层析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)卵巢中的卵黄磷蛋白进行了分离、纯化和鉴定。结果显示该虾的卵黄磷蛋白是一个分子量为369ku的多聚体,由分子量为85．4、80．6、76．6、73．7ku的四个亚基组成。染色分析表明卵黄磷蛋白为糖-磷-类胡萝卜素结合的复合蛋白。氨基酸组成分析显示天冬氨酸(Asp)和谷氨酸(Glu)为主要氨基酸。     

卵黄脂磷蛋白通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入培养的人成纤维细胞

为了探究从斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎裂解液中纯化的卵黄脂磷蛋白(lipovitellin, Lv)进入培养的人成纤维细胞的分子途径,该研究用Sephadex G-200色谱柱结合QAE-Sephadex A50阴离子交换色谱柱从斑马鱼0 h胚胎裂解液中分离纯化出Lv。FITC标记的Lv(FITC-Lv)预先分别与Hepes、牛组蛋白、鱼精蛋白、卵磷脂、0 h胚胎胰蛋白酶水解物或者斑马鱼胚胎裂解液孵育,再加入至opti-MEM培养基中培养人成纤维细胞,培养一定时间后,用荧光倒置显微镜观察,发现Hepes和组蛋白可以促进Lv进入细胞。制霉菌素是陷窝介导的内吞作用(caveolae-mediated endocytosis)的抑制剂,氯丙嗪和蔗糖是网格蛋白介导的内吞作用(clathrin-mediated endocytosis)的抑制剂,阿米洛利是巨胞饮作用(macropinocytosis)的抑制剂。为了证实Lv进入细胞的分子途径,在FITC标记Lv与人成纤维细胞的培养体系中,分别加入上述抑制剂。结果发现氯丙嗪和蔗糖可以抑制Lv进入细胞。该研究获得如下结论:纯化的斑马鱼Lv单独...     

西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)的形态差异分析

采用形态学和多变量形态度量方法, 对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)、施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)的形态异同进行了分析, 以鉴别区分三者的形态特征。结果发现, 西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种的可数性状中鳃耙数和背鳍数均具有显著差异; 可量性状的多重比较分析显示杂交种的眼间距/全长显著小于西伯利亚鲟和施氏鲟, 三者的吻长/全长均具有显著差异; 主成分分析提取的前三个主成分对变异的累积贡献率为65.68%; 判别分析构建了西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种的判别公式, 判别公式预测分类总体准确率为85.6%。分析结果表明, 西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种间的形态差异主要体现在头部及尾柄。     

蛋黄中卵黄高磷蛋白的提取优化及其磷酸肽制备

卵黄高磷蛋白是已知天然蛋白中含磷量最高的蛋白,经适宜蛋白酶水解后形成磷酸肽,该磷酸肽能够与Ca2+、Fe2+、Mg2+等二价金属离子结合形成可溶性络合物,抑制磷酸钙等非可溶性磷酸盐的形成,从而促进机体对钙、铁的吸收。本文主要探索了不同缓冲溶液、不同稀释程度、不同p H值等因素对卵黄高磷蛋白提取效果的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上采用正交试验,进一步优化了卵黄高磷蛋白的提取工艺。结果表明,应用10倍体积的0.05 M的p H 5.2的醋酸-醋酸钠溶液提取的卵黄高磷蛋白效果较好,每10 m L的卵黄可以提取约90mg的卵黄高磷蛋白。提取的卵黄高磷蛋白成品含磷量为7.2%,N/P比为3.9。经过进一步脱磷、酶解等处理制备了卵黄高磷蛋白磷酸肽,该磷酸肽能明显阻滞磷酸钙沉淀的形成,每100 mg能够结合9.1 mg的钙。本实验结果,为后续动物体内补钙功能实验及相关磷酸肽补钙制剂的研发奠定了基础。     

西伯利亚鲟侧线神经丘发育过程的观察

研究对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)的胚后幼鱼进行石蜡切片HE染色,同时利用荧光染料DiA4-(4-Diethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide对侧线管中侧线神经丘毛细胞特异性标记的特点,示踪了西伯利亚鲟胚后仔鱼各个时期侧线神经丘分化发育的过程。结果显示,西伯利亚鲟侧线管内侧线神经丘毛细胞如纤毛状,呈竖立紧密排列。出膜3d仔鱼眼眶后神经基板发育分化活动剧烈,出膜10d的仔鱼眼眶后方的神经基板分化出眼眶上下侧线神经丘的两个分支,同时眼眶后神经基板进一步向后分化发育在眼眶后部形成躯干侧线神经丘,但整个侧线神经丘还未完全发育完成,待出膜15d时,眼眶上下和躯干侧线神经丘已基本发育完全,出膜22d的仔鱼侧线神经丘发育基本完成。研究为今后深入研究西伯利亚鲟侧线发育过程中的神经分化发育、细胞迁移奠定了初步形态学基础。       

西伯利亚鲟源嗜水气单胞菌致病菌的分离及其全菌苗的免疫效果

从患细菌性败血症的西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)的体内分离到一株致病菌株X1,其对西伯利亚鲟的半数致死浓度(LC50)为5.62×105 cfu/ml,具有较强毒力;经ATB细菌鉴定仪生理生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列分析,菌株X1为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila);其系统发育分析表明,菌株X1与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC35654(登录号:X74676.1)的亲缘关系最近,其同源性为99%.用0.30%福尔马林灭活,将菌株X1制成灭活全菌苗,对西伯利亚鲟进行注射免疫.研究结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗能够明显提高西伯利亚鲟的血清抗体水平及总蛋白、免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶含量,而且在嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗中加入弗氏不完全佐剂,有利于进一步增强西伯利亚鲟血清抗体水平及总蛋白、免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶含量.此外,嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗对西伯利亚鲟抗嗜水气单胞菌X1人工感染也具有较好的免疫保护作用,其对西伯利亚鲟的免疫保护率为50%,而且在嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗中加入弗氏不完全佐剂,嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗对西伯利亚鲟抗嗜水气单胞菌X1人工感染的免疫保护作用更好,其对西伯利亚鲟的免疫保护率为70%.因此,将嗜水气单胞菌X1全菌苗用于西伯利亚鲟细菌性败血症的防治具有广阔的发展前景.     

三种鲟科鱼类和两种鲑科鱼类卵黄免疫球蛋白性质的比较

从施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki)、小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)、西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)、哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)五种鱼类卵黄中分离、纯化Ig,并对其分子结构进行了初步研究。结果表明:五种鱼类卵中Ig的分子量分别为施氏鲟524kD、小体鲟468kD、西伯利亚鲟475kD、哲罗鲑为490kD,金鳟498kD,其Ig重链的相对分子量相同,约为97kD。轻链的相对分子量各不相同,施氏鲟为27kD,小体鲟28.5kD,西伯利亚鲟30kD,哲罗鲑28.5kD和金鳟16kD。其中西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟和小体鲟Ig等电点约为5.85,哲罗鲑和金鳟的Ig等电点约为6.55,其蛋白质结构上具有一定的相似性,且均为糖蛋白     

紫外线辐射对西伯利亚鲟精子活力和寿命的影响

研究了不同剂量紫外线辐射(254nm,UVC)对西伯利亚鲟精子活力和寿命的影响.结果表明:紫外线辐射对精子的活力、快速运动时间和寿命均具有显著性影响.其中,精子活力随辐射剂量的增加而呈先迅速下降,后迅速上升,再迅速下降的趋势;精子快速运动时间的变化趋势与活力相似;精子寿命随辐射剂量的增加呈缓慢下降的趋势.当辐射剂量达288mJ.cm-2时,精子无快速运动,当辐射剂量达324mJ.cm-2时,精子活力和寿命均降为0.根据Hertwig效应判断,辐射剂量216mJ.cm-2为西伯利亚鲟精子灭活的最适剂量.     

Purification and characterization of ubiquitin from mammalian testis

Ubiquitin was extracted from testis of 4 mammals and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography. Amino acid compositions and NH2-terminal sequences were found to be identical in the 4 species and with calf thymus ubiquitin. Ubiquitin conformation was shown to be very sensitive to oxidation. Improved methods for radioimmunoassay of ubiquitin in tissue extracts are also discussed.     

两步串联层析法纯化鼠抗人CD80单克隆抗体4E5

采用阴离子交换与凝胶过滤两步串联层析法,纯化了小鼠腹水来源的CD80阻断型单克隆抗体4E5。腹水样品经离心、过滤预处理后,在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液(pH8.0, 50mmol/L)条件下上阴离子交换柱对目的单抗进行捕集,采用0-0.5 mol/L NaCl浓度分步洗脱;含目的单抗的洗脱馏分再上凝胶过滤柱纯化,用PB缓冲溶液（pH7.2, 20mmol/L）洗脱,获得目的单抗4E5,其生物学活性高、纯度大于95%,抗体总回收率达61%。     

猪肺源肝素的分离纯化及其成分鉴定

本文报告了从猪肺中用改进后的碱性氯化钠盐解法萃取的粗肝素为原料,以新型分离材料ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ分离纯化,并与ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０进行比较,前者使粗肝素比活由１３．９ＵＳＰ／ｍｇ提高到２０３．６４ＵＳＰ／ｍｇ（美国药典单位）,纯化系数达到１４．６５,回收率达８６．９３％,而通过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０分离纯化后的肺肝素其比活性提高到１０２．１０ＵＳＰ／ｍｇ,纯化系数为７．３５,回收率为７２．２２％,其比活性、总活性回收率及纯化系数等,ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ均优于ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０。纯化相当量粗肝素所需时间、次数亦大大减少,并用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳,高效液相色谱进行性质和纯化鉴定,用红外光谱进行基团分析鉴定。     

Purification of a bifunctional amylase/protease inhibitor from ragi (Eleusine coracana) by chromatography and its use as an affinity ligand

An ammonium sulphate fraction (20–60%) of bifunctional amylase/protease inhibitor from ragi (Eleusine coracana) was purified by affinity chromatography to give 6.59-fold purity with 81.48% yield. The same ammonium sulphate fraction was also subjected to ion exchange chromatography and was purified 4.28-fold with 75.95% yield. The ion exchange fraction was subjected to gel filtration and the inhibitor was purified to 6.67-fold with 67.36% yield. Further sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to check the homogeneity of purified amylase/trypsin inhibitor obtained through affinity, ion exchange and gel chromatography. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was found to be 14 kDa. This purified inhibitor was used as affinity ligand for the purification of a commercial preparation of pancreatic amylase.     

Schistosoma mansoni: Purification and characterization of malate dehydrogenases

Isoelectric focusing of a homogenate of Schistosoma mansoni, followed by malate dehydrogenase-specific staining, showed the presence of two major and five minor malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (EC 1.1.1.37), with isoelectric points ranging from 7.3 to 9.5. The malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes were purified by gel filtration, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. The isoenzymes could be differentiated by their susceptibility to substrate inhibition. No differences in the Michaelis-Menten constants for substrate were found. One of the isoenzymes is inhibited by 5′-AMP. Further purification of this particular isoenzyme was achieved by affinity chromatography on 5′-AMP-Sepharose 4B. Analysis after subcellular fractionation indicated a mitochondrial origin for this isoenzyme. The mitochondrial isoenzyme (at a recovery of 80%) was purified 218-fold compared to the crude soluble extract, and contained about 40% of the total malate dehydrogenase activity. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 65,500 and showed absolute specificity for l-malic acid, NAD, and NADH. The final preparation has a specific activity of 451 U/mg protein. Physicochemical studies, including binding constants, substrate inhibition, thermostability, and pH optima, demonstrated differences between the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzymes. A role for malate dehydrogenase in Schistosoma mansoni metabolism is discussed.     

Purification and Partial Characterization of an Antibacterial Protein Tz1

A strain (T3) of Bacillus has been screened from paddy field. It secretes large amount of antibacterialproteins which show a strong inhibiting activity against several pathogens of rice. This paper presentsa systematic study of the inhibition spectrum and characteristics of T3 proteins. Total proteins wereprecipitated with ammonium sulfate at 70% saturation from cell-free culture. One of the proteins(Tzl) was purified from the crude extracts with Sephadex G-100, DEAE52 and FPLC Superose 12columns. A single band was demonstrated in both 15% SDS-PAGE and IEF, with an apparent MWof 6,9 kd and a pI of 7.8. Its amino acid composition was analyzed and part of its sequence,determined.     

大肠杆菌冷休克蛋白CspC的分离纯化及部分性质测定

经Sepharose Q Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和Superdex 30凝胶过滤层析,从大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）细胞内分离纯化了一种小分子蛋白质，SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)纯度鉴定为单一条带，经质谱分析、N端测序、同源序列比较，确定该蛋白质为大肠杆菌冷休克蛋白CspC.在此基础上，用圆二色光谱测定了其二级结构含量，初步探索了其热稳定性及与单链DNA结合后的构象变化.     

Ionic and osmotic regulation capabilities of juvenile Gulf of Mexico sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchusde sotoi

The salinity tolerance, and hydromineral regulation capabilities of three size groups (small 110–170 g; medium 230–290 g, large 460–700 g; n=48 for each group) of 13-month-old juvenile Gulf of Mexico sturgeon were investigated. Fish (n=6 for each salinity) were transferred directly from freshwater (FW) to a series of experimental salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 parts per thousand (ppt)). Fish were also acclimated in brackish water (20 ppt) for 2 weeks and transferred to a salinity of 34 ppt. In this condition juvenile Gulf of Mexico sturgeon adapted to saltwater (SW) and maintained their hydromineral balance. FW adapted sturgeon (n=6) had an average blood hemotocrit of 28.2±0.8%, plasma osmolality of 260.7±1.6 mOsm kg⁻¹ H₂O, and plasma ion concentrations of 135.7±1.2 mM l⁻¹ Na⁺, 106.9±1.9 mEq l⁻¹ Cl⁻, and 2.9±0.1 mM l⁻¹ K⁺. In SW adapted sturgeon (n=8) blood parameters averaged 26.9±0.7% for hematocrit, 294.2±2.3 mOsm kg⁻¹ H₂O for osmolality, 152.0±1.7 mM l⁻¹ Na⁺, 149.2±1.4 mEq l⁻¹ for Cl⁻, and 3.1±0.1 mM l⁻¹ K⁺. The method of transfer (abrupt or slow acclimation) directly affected fish survival and the time they took to achieve ionic and osmotic regulation. This SW adaptation appears to be related to body size, the larger the fish the easier the adaptation process. A threshold size of about 170 g was apparent for the fish to adapt to saltwater after 2 weeks of acclimation. Chloride cells were present in both FW and SW adapted sturgeon with SW and brackish water fish having chloride cells significantly (P<0.05) more numerous (561±53 and 598±45 cells mm⁻²) and larger in size (41.0±3.85 and 34.2±4.49 μm²) than FW adapted sturgeon (10±1.0 cells mm⁻² and 22±2.53 μm²). Few chloride cells were observed in the opercular membrane, however, none were found in the pseudobranch and spiracle.     

NADP-Specific Isocitrate Dehydrogenase from the Simian Malaria Parasite Plasmodium knowlesi: Partial Purification and Characterization

ABSTRACT. Cell-free schizonts of Plasmodium knowlesi , a simian malaria parasite, possess significant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activity, about 90% of which is contributed by the NADP-specific enzyme that is localized in the cytosolic fraction. The enzyme has been partially purified by affinity chromatography using Blue sepharose CL-6B. Although unstable in nature, it is stabilized by citrate and glycerol. Kinetic studies with dl -isocitrate and NADP yielded hyperbolic curves with Michaelis constants of 0.210 and 0.038 mM, respectively. Manganous or magnesium ions are essential for activity. The enzyme is thermosensitive, shows maximum activity at pH 8.0, and has a molecular mass of about 48.5 kDa. It is strongly inhibited by thiolblocking agents but protected against them by thiol-providing agents. Cupric and argentic ions also have a marked inhibitory effect on its activity. The enzyme is significantly inhibited by chloroquine and oxytetracycline in vitro, but to a lesser degree by tetracycline.     

华根霉胞内脂肪酶同功酶酶学性质研究

华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis CCTCCM201021)细胞破碎液经硫酸铵分级盐析、Phenyl-Sepharose FF疏水层析、DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换层析和Sephadex G100凝胶层析得到两种脂肪酶同功酶:Lip1和Lip2。SDS-PAGE显示其亚基分子量分别为59.2kD和39.4kD。Lip1和Lip2的最适反应pH和最适反应温度相近,分别为8.0、8.5和40℃、35℃。但底物专一性差异明显:Lip1对pNP脂肪酸酯的长链脂肪酸有较高的专一性,Lip2对pNP脂肪酸酯的短链脂肪酸专一性较好;Lip1对三油酸甘油酯表现1,3-位置特异性,而Lip2没有位置选择性。1mmol/L的Ca2 、Mg2 对Lip1、Lip2有较好的激活作用;SDS强烈抑制酶活力。Lip1、Lip2在环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷和异辛烷(30%V/V)中稳定性良好。