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1.
Submitochondrial particles freshly prepared by sonication from pea cotyledon mitochondria showed low ATPase activity. Activity increased 20-fold on exposure to trypsin. The pea cotyledon submitochondrial particle ATPase was also activated by “aging” in vitro. At pH 7.0 addition of 1 millimolar ATP prevented the activation. ATPase of freshly prepared pea cotyledon submitochondrial particles had a substrate specificity similar to that of the soluble ATPase from pea cotyledon mitochondria, with GTPase > ATPase. “Aged” or trypsin-treated particles showed equal activity with the two substrates. NaCl and NaHCO3, which stimulate the ATPase but not the GTPase activity of the soluble pea enzyme, were stimulatory to both the ATPase and GTPase activities of freshly prepared submitochondrial particles. However, they were stimulatory only to the ATPase activity of trypsin-treated or “aged” submitochondrial particles. In contrast, the ATPase activity of rat liver submitochondrial particles was stimulated by HCO3, but inhibited by Cl, indicating that Cl stimulation is a distinguishing property of the pea mitochondrial ATPase complex.  相似文献   

2.
The effects of spegazzinine, a dihydroindole alkaloid, on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were studied.Spegazzinine inhibited coupled respiration and phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. The I50 was 120 μM. Uncouplers released the inhibition of coupled respiration. Arsenate-stimulated mitochondrial respiration was partially inhibited by spegazzinine. The stimulation of mitochondrial respiration by Ca2+ and the proton ejection associated with the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake were not affected by the alkaloid.Oxidative phosphorylation and the Pi-ATP exchange reaction of phosphorylating beef heart submitochondrial particles were strongly inhibited by spegazzinine (I50, 50 μM) while the ATP-dependent reactions, reduction of NAD+ by succinate and the pyridine nucleotides transhydrogenase were less sensitive (I50, 125 μM). Oxygen uptake by submitochondrial particles was not affected.The 2,4-dinitrophenol-stimulated ATPase activity of rat liver mitochondria was not affected by 300 μM spegazzinine, a concentration of alkaloid that completely inhibited phosphorylation. However, higher concentrations of spegazzinine did partially inhibit it. The ATPase activities of submitochondrial particles, insoluble and soluble ATPases were also partially inhibited by high concentrations of spegazzinine.The inhibitory properties of spegazzinine on energy transfer reactions are compared with those of oligomycin, aurovertin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. It is concluded that spegazzinine effects are very similar to the effects of aurovertin and that its site of action may be the same or near the site of aurovertin.  相似文献   

3.
Oligomycin Sensitivity Conferral Protein (OSCP) and an F1-ATPase Binding Protein were isolated from F1-depleted rat liver mitochondrial membrane. Their molecular weights on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea were 22,500 and 8,500 respectively. When incubated with liver TUA (trypsin, urea and ammonia-treated) submitochondrial particles, the binding protein was effective in the binding of F1 to the particles with the resultant particle-bound ATPase activity not oligomycin sensitive. When OSCP was then incubated with the reconstituted membrane-bound ATPase, its activity became oligomycin sensitive. These results suggest that, first; the binding protein, but not OSCP, connects F1-ATPase to the membrane of rat liver mitochondria and maybe to the “stalk”, if indeed there is a stalk in mitochondrial membrane ATPase complex; and second; the function of OSCP is solely to render the ATPase activity sensitive to oligomycin and other similar inhibitors.  相似文献   

4.
Rat testis mitochondrial ATPase was not inhibited by oligomycin at pH 7.5. It was inhibited only at higher alkaline pH's, and showed a lower sensitivity both to oligomycin and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a higher one to efrapeptin. In submitochondrial particles, testis ATPase was only slightly inhibited by oligomycin, ossamycin, and efrapeptin. The possibility of a loose binding of F1 to the membrane was supported by its recovery from the supernatant of the submitochondrial particles. Furthermore, by electron microscopy, after hypoosmotic shock and negative staining of the mitochondrial preparations, most of the inner mitochondrial membranes showed only a few “knobs” or none at all. The capacity of the testis mitochondrial preparation to produce ATP was tested and compared to that from liver. ATP synthetase/ATPase activity ratio was 301 in liver mitochondria, whereas in the testis it was 31. In spite of this large difference, at least part of the testis ATPase must be firmly bound to the membrane, since it is able to form ATP. The rest seems to be loosely bound and its functional significance is still unknown.  相似文献   

5.
The extraction of ubiquinone from mitochondrial membranes produces alterations of ATPase activity including a reversible loss of oligomycin sensitivity which is restored by long-chain Q-homologs. Short-chain ubiquinones like Q3 produce a loss of oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) sensitivity in submitochondrial particles. The effect shows uncompetitive or noncompetitive kinetics with respect to oligomycin or DCCD respectively. Long-chain ubiquinones have a competitive effect with Q3, thus restoring oligomycin sensitivity; they behave, however, in about the same way as Q3 in lowering the DCCD sensitivity in submitochondrial particles. On the basis of these observations we suggest that ubiquinone may be a physiological modulator of ATPase activity in the mitochondrial membrane.Abbreviations used: BHM, beef heart mitochondria; DCCD, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; ETP, electron transfer particles (submitochondrial particles); Q, ubiquinone.  相似文献   

6.
Antibody raised in rabbits against Complex V (miochondrial ATP synthetase complex) purified from beef heart mitochondria cross-reacted with Complex V and submitochondrial particles from beef heart, beef adrenals, and rat liver as shown by double-diffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis analysis. Of the various isolated and purified components of Complex V, only the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein showed strong reactivity with the anti-Complex V antibody, soluble F1-ATPase reacted very faintly, while F6 and ATPase inhibitor protein showed no precipitin lines. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis indicated that antigenic determinants recognized by the antibody were present on OSCP and possibly on the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein. The components of Complex V could be precipitated from beef heart submitochondrial particles dissolved in Triton X-100 and pretreated with control IgG. When the composition of the immunoprecipitate was compared to that of purified Complex V, all the constituent polypeptides of the latter were present in the immunoprecipitate, except for one polypeptide in the low-molecular-weight region. Incubation of Complex V or submitochondrial particles with the anti-Complex V antibody in the absence of Triton X-100 caused inhibition of ATP-Pi exchange but not of ATPase activity. In the presence of Triton X-100, oligomycin sensitivity of Complex V was lost and the antibody was able to inhibit also the ATPase activity. The enzymic activity of soluble F1-ATPase was unaffected by the antibody in the absence or presence of Triton X-100. These results suggest that the anti-Complex V antibody might be a useful tool for identifying and probing the role of Complex V components involved in energy transduction.  相似文献   

7.
The hydrolysis of ATP, ADP or GTP was characterized in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles since a tightly-bound ATPase associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane from the human placenta has been described. Submitochondrial particles, which are basically inner membranes, were used to define the location of this enzyme. Mitochondria treated with trypsin and specific inhibitors were also used. The oxygen consumption stimulated by ATP or ADP was 100% inhibited in intact mitochondria by low concentrations of oligomycin (0.5 microgram/mg) or venturicidine (0.1 microgram/mg), while the hydrolysis of ATP or ADP was insensitive to higher concentrations of these inhibitors but it was inhibited by vanadate. Oligomycin or venturicidine showed a different inhibition pattern in intact mitochondria in relation to the hydrolysis of ATP, ADP or GTP. When submitochondrial particles were isolated from mitochondria incubated with oligomycin or venturicidine, no further inhibition of the nucleotide hydrolysis was observed, contrasting with the partial inhibition observed in the control. By incubating the placental mitochondria with trypsin, a large fraction of the hydrolysis of nucleotides was eliminated. In submitochondrial particles obtained from mitochondria treated with trypsin or trypsin plus oligomycin, the hydrolysis of ATP was 100% sensitive to oligomycin at low concentrations, resembling the oxygen consumption; however, this preparation still showed some ADP hydrolysis. Native gel electrophoresis showed two bands hydrolyzing ADP, suggesting at least two enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of nucleotides, besides the F1F0-ATPase. It is concluded that human placental mitochondria possesses ADPase and ATP-diphosphohydrolase activities (247).  相似文献   

8.
Octylguanidine inhibits the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of bovine heart submitochondrial particles and soluble F1. The characteristics of the inhibition as a function of octylguanidine and Mg2+ concentrations and pH are very similar in submitochondrial particles and soluble F1. Only those guanidines that possess an alkyl chain of more than six carbons inhibit the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles and F1. The inhibiting action of octylguanidine on F1 is fully reversible. Octylguanidine prevents the cold-induced inactivation of F1 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit ATPase activity. Guanidines that inhibit ATPase activity also prevent the cold-induced inactivations of F1.  相似文献   

9.
A novel procedure for isolating totally inverted preparations of submitochondrial particles by sonication of beef heart mitochondria is described. The procedure involves only differential centrifugation in 0.25 M sucrose containing 0.15 M KCl. The submitochondrial particles have 96% of their cytoplasmic face cytochromec-binding sites sequestered within the particles. Mild sonication exposes cytochromec-binding sites to the medium. The oligomycin-sensitive ATPase of sonic-derived submitochondrial particles, like that of electron transport particles, is inhibited 98% by exogenous isolated ATPase inhibitor protein. NADH oxidase activity in these particles is inhibited by oligomycin. The respiratory control index (uncoupled rate/oligomycin-inhibited rate) is approximately 3.4 and can be increased by washing the particles with medium containing bovine serum albumin.  相似文献   

10.
Bovine heart submitochondrial particles depleted of F1 by treatment with urea (‘F1-depleted particles’) were incubated with soluble F1-ATPase. The binding of F1 to the particles and the concomitant conferral of oligomycin sensitivity on the ATPase activity required the presence of cations in the incubation medium. NH+4, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Na+ and Li+ promoted reconstitution maximally at 40–74 mM, guanidinium+ and Tris+ at 20–30 mM, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ at 3–5 mM. The particles exhibited a negative ζ-potential, as determined by microelectrophoresis, and this was neutralized by mono- and divalent cations in the same concentration range as that needed to promote F1 binding and reconstitution of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. It is concluded that the cations act by neutralizing negative charges on the membrane surface, mainly negatively charged phospholipids. These results are discussed in relation to earlier findings reported in the literature with F1-depleted thylakoid membranes and with submitochondrial particles depleted of both F1 and the coupling proteins F6 and oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein.  相似文献   

11.
The problem of the resolution and reconstitution of the inner mitochondrial membrane has been approached at three levels. (1) Starting with phosphorylating submitochondrial particles, a "resolution from without" can be achieved by stripping of surface components. The most extensive resolution was recently obtained with the aid of silicotungstate. Such particles require for oxidative phosphorylation the addition of several coupling factors as well as succinate dehydrogenase. (2) Starting with submitochondrial particles that have been degraded by trypsin and urea a resolution of the inner membrane proper containing an ATPase has been achieved. These experiments show that at least five components are required for the reconstitution of an oligomycin-sensitive ATPase: a particulate component, F 1, Mg++, phospholipids, and Fc. Morphologically, the reconstituted ATPase preparations resemble submitochondrial particles. (3) Starting with intact mitochondria individual components of the oxidation chain have been separated from each other. The following components were required for the reconstitution of succinoxidase: succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome b\, cytochrome c 1, cytochrome c, cytochrome oxidase, phospholipids and Q 10. The reconstituted complex had properties similar to those of phosphorylating submitochondrial particles; i.e., the oxidation of succinate by molecular oxygen was highly sensitive to antimycin.  相似文献   

12.
Protein-lipid complexes were transferred directly from mitochondria and submitochondrial particles into hexane and ether. The protein-lipid residue left after solvent removal from these extracts was used to form liposomes which display low-temperature-resistant ATPase activity. Centrifugation experiments indicate that the ATPase activity is associated to the vesicles. Most of the F1-ATPases appear to be accessible to the external water phase of the liposomes. The ATPase activity of these particles was insensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and oligomycin. Incubation of these vesicles at room temperature activated (4--10-fold) the ATPase through a process that is partially sensitive to phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The results with purified ATPase-inhibitor protein and (F1--ATPase)-inhibitor complex indicate that the activation process in the liposomes is due to the abolition of the inhibitory action of the inhibitor protein bound to a large fraction of the extracted ATPases. Liposomes prepared from hexane extracts obtained from submitochondrial particles having different levels of ATPase activity displayed an activation ratio which correlated with the number of ATPases that are inhibited by the inhibitor protein in the submitochondrial particles. The extraction of mitochondrial ATPase and its incorporation into liposomes followed by activity measurements may be used to judge the number of ATPases that in a given preparation contain the inhibitor protein in its inhibiting site.  相似文献   

13.
Ronald S. Kaplan  P.S. Coleman 《BBA》1978,501(2):269-274
1. The use of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5′-triphosphate (?-ATP), a synthetic, fluorescent analog of ATP, by whole rat liver mitochondria and by submitochondrial particles produced via sonication has been studied.2. Direct [3H]adenine nucleotide uptake studies with isolated mitochondria, indicate the ?-[3H]ATP is not transported through the inner membrane by the adenine nucleotide carrier and is therefore not utilized by the 2,4-dinitrophenol-sensitive F1-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) that functions in oxidative phosphorylation. However, ?-ATP is hydrolyzed by a Mg2+-dependent, 2,4-dinitrophenol-insensitive ATPase that is characteristic of damaged mitochondria.3. ?-ATP can be utilized quite well by the exposed F1-ATPase of sonic submitochondrial particles. This ?-ATP hydrolysis activity is inhibited by oligomycin and stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The particle F1-ATPase displays similar Km values for both ATP and ?-ATP; however, the V with ATP is approximately six times greater than with ?-ATP.4. Since ?-ATP is a capable substrate for the submitochondrial particle F1-ATPase, it is proposed that the fluorescent properties of this ATP analog might be employed to study the submitochondrial particle F1-ATPase complex, and its response to various modifiers of oxidative phosphorylation.  相似文献   

14.
Mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMP) from pea cotyledons were shown to catalyze oxidative phosphorylation as measured by 32Pi uptake into phosphate esters. ATP synthesis was sensitive to the electron transport inhibitor KCN, the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and the coupling factor inhibitor oligomycin. Experiments with the adenine nucleotide translocator inhibitor atractyloside indicated the SMP were inside-out. Mersalyl completely inhibited ATP synthesis by SMP, and a separate experiment indicated that mersalyl has a direct effect on the ATPase complex. The kinetics of ATP synthesis indicated a high affinity for phosphate (Km = 0.18 millimolar). ADP kinetics gave a biphasic curve with Km values of about 4.8 and 160 micromolar. O2 uptake and ATP synthesis had a pH maximum of 7.6 while the ratio of micromoles phosphate esterified to microatoms O2 taken up was highest at pH 7.2. Sodium chloride inhibited both ATP synthesis and O2 uptake but stimulated the ATPase reaction. The SMP also catalyzed a slow ATP-phosphate exchange reaction.  相似文献   

15.
Five- and six-subunit forms of F1-ATPase were purified from pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Homesteader) cotyledon submitochondrial particles. Apart from the usual complement of five subunits, the six-subunit enzyme contained an additional 26,500-dalton protein. Both forms of the F1-ATPase were used to reconstitute oxidative phosphorylation in F1-depleted (ASU) as well as in F1 and oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP)-depleted (ASUA) bovine mitochondrial membranes. The six-subunit enzyme was considerably more efficient in reconstituting the ATP synthesis than the five-subunit enzyme. Both forms of the enzyme were also able to reconstitute the ATPase activity in ASU- as well as in ASUA-particles. There were substantial differences, however, in the oligomycin sensitivity of the ATPase bound to the ASUA-particles: 20 and 60% inhibition by oligomycin was obtained in the case of the five-subunit and six-subunit enzyme, respectively. We conclude, that the 26,500-dalton protein present in the six-subunit F1-ATPase is responsible for the increase in oligomycin sensitivity of the bound enzyme and functions, therefore, as the plant OSCP.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The amphiphylic alkyl cation cetyltrimethylammonium inhibits the catalytic activity of soluble and membrane-bound F1 in a noncompetitive fashion. In sonic submitochondrial particles the Dixon plot showed a peculiar pattern with upward deviation at cetyltrimethylammonium concentration higher than 80µM. In membrane-bound F1 the inhibition by cetyltrimethylammonium was potentiated by the F0 inhibitor ologomycin. Cetyltrimethylammonium also inhibited the oligomycin-sensitive proton conductivity in F1-containing particles but was without any effect in F1-depleted particles. Also this inhibitory effect was potentiated by oligomycin. These results indicate functional cooperative interactions between F0 and F1.  相似文献   

18.
The hydrophobic sector of the mitochondrial ATPase complex was purified by sequential extraction with cholate and octylglucoside, by further differential solubilization with guanidine and cholate in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, and by fractionation with ammonium sulfate. A polypeptide with a mass of 28,000 dalton was present in the purified hydrophobic section which was cleaved by trypsin, resulting in loss of reconstitution activity. In contrast, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid remained unimpaired after exposure to trypsin. The32Pi-ATP exchange activity of the reconstituted ATPase complex was inhibited byp-hydroxymercuribenzoate, which reacted primarily with the 28,000-dalton protein, as monitored by acrylamide gel electrophoresis with14C-labeled inhibitor. The function of a 22,000-dalton polypeptide and of some minor components in the region of the proteolipid remains unknown. An examination of the phospholipid requirements for reconstitution of an active complex revealed an unexpected discrepancy. With an excess of phosphatidylethanolamine, optimal reconstitution of32Pi-ATP exchange and ATP synthesis in the presence of bacteriorhodopsin and light was achieved; at a high phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, the rate of ATP synthesis remained high, but the rate of32Pi-ATP exchange dropped precipitously. A new procedure is described for the reconstitution of the ATPase complex with purified phospholipids which is stable for at least 15 days.Abbreviations DCCD N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide - STE-DTT buffer sucrose (250 mM), Tricine-KOH (50 mM), EDTA (5 mM), DTT (5 mM), pH 8.0 - F o a membranous preparation from mitochondria conferring oligomycin (or rutamycin) sensitivity to F1 - F1F6 coupling factors 1 (ATPase) and 6 - OSCP oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein - BSA bovine serum albumin - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate - DTT dithiothreitol - STE buffer sucrose (250 mM), Tricine-KOH (50 mM), EDTA (5 mM) - TUA particles submitochondrial particles prepared by stepwise exposure of light-layer submitochondrial particles to trypsin and urea, then sonic oscillation in the presence of dilute ammonia (pH 10.4) - OG-cholate buffer glycerol (20%), Tricine (50 mM), MgSO4 (5 mM), DTT (5mM), cholate (0.5%), octylglucoside (0.5%), pH 8.0 - p-HMB p-hydroxymercuribenzoate  相似文献   

19.
Oligomycin inhibited the membrane-bound, Ca2+-dependent ATPase of pea (Pisum sativum var. Progress No. 9) chloroplasts up to 50%, but only after treating the membranes with trypsin, whether or not the trypsin step was needed for full activity. The energy-linked Mg2+-dependent (light- and dithiothreitol (DTT)-activated) ATPase of pea thylakoids could be inhibited up to 100% under specified conditions. The data indicate that oligomycin does not interfere with activation processes, and it failed to inhibit the ATPase of solubilized chloroplast coupling factor 1 under any circumstances. Photophosphorylation, previously thought insensitive to oligomycin, was inhibited 30% in the case of pea chloroplasts, and this increased to 50% inhibition after pretreating the chloroplasts with either trypsin or DTT. The nature of inhibition of phosphorylation was complex, with apparent small components of electron transport inhibition and uncoupling, as well as energy transfer inhibition.  相似文献   

20.
Mitochondrial H+-ATPase complex, purified by the lysolecithin extraction procedure, has been resolved into a “membrane” (NaBr-F0) and a “soluble” fraction by treatment with 3.5 M sodium bromide. The NaBr-F0 fraction is completely devoid of p, 8, and e subunits of the F, ATPase and largely devoid of α and γ subunits of F1, where F0 is used to denote the membrane fraction and F1, coupling factor 1. This is confirmed by complete loss of ATPase and P1-ATP exchange activities. The addition of F1 (400 μg · mg?1 F0) results in complete restoration of oligomycin sensitivity without any reduction in the F1-ATPase activity. Presumably, this is due to release of ATPase inhibitor protein from the F1-F0 complex consequent to sodium bromide extraction. Restoration of Pf-ATP exchange and H+-pumping activities require coupling factor B in addition to FpATPase. The oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and 32P1ATP exchange activities in reconstituted Fr F0 have the same sensitivity to uncouplers and energy transfer inhibitors as in starting submitochondrial particles from the heavy layer of mitochondria and F1-F0 complex. The data suggest that the altered properties of NaBr-F0 observed in other laboratories are probably inherent to their F1F0 preparations rather than to sodium bromide treatment itself.

The H+-ATPase (F1-F0) complex of all known prokaryotic (3, 8, 9, 10, 21, 32, 34) and eukaryotic (11, 26, 30, 33, 35–37) phosphorylating membranes contain two functionally and structurally distinct entities. The hydrophilic component F1, composed of five unlike subunits, shows ATPase activity that is cold labile as well as uncoupler-and oligomycin-insensitive. The membrane-bound hydrophobic component F0, having no energy-linked catalytic activity of its own, is indirectly assayed by its ability to regain oligomycin sensitive ATPase and P1-ATP exchange activities on binding to F1-ATPase (33). The purest preparations of bovine heart mitochondrial F0 show seven or eight major components in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS-PAGE (1, 2, 12, 14), ranging from 6 to 54 ku in molecular weight (12). The precise structure and polypeptide composition of mitochondrial Fo is not known.

The F0 preparations from bovine heart reported so far have been derived from H+-ATPase preparations isolated in the presence of cholate and deoxycholate (11, 33, 36, 37). The ATPase and P1-ATP exchange activity of the preparations so obtained are low, dependent upon additional phospholipids and coupling factors; they show altered sensitivity to energy transfer inhibitors as compared to submitochondrial particles from the heavy layer of the mitochondria or ETPh (1. 2, 12, 14, 29, 33). Recently, lysolecithin has been successfully employed to extract highly active H+-ATPase from beef (17, 19, 28) and pig (24) heart mitochondria. The beef heart H+-ATPase preparation has the same ratio of ATPase to PrATP exchange activity and apparently the same sensitivity to energy transfer inhibitors as submitochondrial particles (17). The present communication describes resolution of this F1-F0 preparation using sodium bromide (NaBr) and reconstitution of ATPase and Pr ATP exchange activities. The NaBr-F0 prepared from this preparation shows no dependence on lipids, and the same or increased sensitivity to energy transfer inhibitors when reconstituted with F1-ATPase. Furthermore, F1 ATPase activity does not decrease on binding of F1 to NaBr-F0, even though the reconstituted ATPase activity is 99% sensitive to oligomy-cin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These properties are in contrast to the properties of F0 reported by other workers (12, 14).  相似文献   

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