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1.
The twin-arginine protein translocation (Tat) system has a unique ability to translocate folded and co-factor-containing proteins across lipid bilayers. The Tat pathway is present in bacteria, archaea and in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and, depending on the organism and environmental conditions, it can be deemed important for cell survival, virulence or bioproduction. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the Tat system with specific focus on Gram-positive bacteria. The ‘universal minimal Tat system’ is composed of a TatA and a TatC protein. However, this pathway is more commonly composed of two TatA-like proteins and one TatC protein. Often the TatA-like proteins have diverged to have two different functions and, in this case, the second TatA-like protein is usually referred to as TatB. The correct folding and/or incorporation of co-factors are requirements for translocation, and the known quality control mechanisms are examined in this review. A number of examples of crosstalk between the Tat system and other protein transport systems, such as the Sec–YidC translocon and signal peptidases or sheddases are also discussed. Further, an overview of specific Gram-positive bacterial Tat systems found in monoderm and diderm species is detailed. Altogether, this review highlights the unique features of Gram-positive bacterial Tat systems and pinpoints key questions that remain to be addressed in future research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein trafficking and secretion in bacteria. Guest Editors: Anastassios Economou and Ross Dalbey.  相似文献   

2.
枯草菌HemAT蛋白质是新近发现的一种基于血红素的趋氧性同型二聚体蛋白质。作者对此蛋白质进行了表达和提纯。用紫外共振拉曼光谱研究了全分子和传感域HemAT在与配基O2结合时的构象变化。发现O2配基与HemAT蛋白质的结合使传感域中Trp和Tyr的环境发生变化,而对连接域中Tyr的环境影响可忽略不计。信号发送域对O2配基引起的Trp和Tyr的环境变化不产生影响。O2配基与HemAT蛋白质的结合使得G-螺旋发生位移,传感域与信号发送域通过某种互感方式把O2结合信号从传感域传递到信号发送域。  相似文献   

3.
HemAT from Bacillus subtilis (HemAT-Bs) is a heme-containing O2 sensor protein that acts as a chemotactic signal transducer. Binding of O2 to the heme in the sensor domain of HemAT-Bs induces a conformational change in the protein matrix, and this is transmitted to a signaling domain. To characterize the specific mechanism of O2-dependent conformational changes in HemAT-Bs, we investigated time-resolved resonance Raman spectra of the truncated sensor domain and the full-length HemAT-Bs upon O2 and CO dissociation. A comparison between the O2 and CO complexes provides insights on O2/CO discrimination in HemAT-Bs. While no spectral changes upon CO dissociation were observed in our experimental time window between 10 ns and 100 μs, the band position of the stretching mode between the heme iron and the proximal histidine, ν(Fe–His), for the O2-dissociated HemAT-Bs was lower than that for the deoxy form on time-resolved resonance Raman spectra. This spectral change specific to O2 dissociation would be associated with the O2/CO discrimination in HemAT-Bs. We also compared the results obtained for the truncated sensor domain and the full-length HemAT-Bs, which showed that the structural dynamics related to O2 dissociation for the full-length HemAT-Bs are faster than those for the sensor domain HemAT-Bs. This indicates that the heme proximal structural dynamics upon O2 dissociation are coupled with signal transduction in HemAT-Bs.  相似文献   

4.
    
《Cell reports》2023,42(6):112551
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5.
\"食品微生物学\"是食品质量与安全专业的基础课,\"食品微生物学检验\"为后期专业课程,原教学设计为两门相对独立的课程。教学中发现两门课程在理论、实验教学内容上存在重复和交叉,不利于\"教\"与\"学\"的深度融合。为了打破两门课程间的壁垒,我们将理论课程内容进行融合与贯通,实现模块式对接;对实验课程进行整合与设计,将课程内容镶嵌为综合性实验。经过3年的教学实践,我们初步构建了跨课程整合-对接镶嵌式教学模式,不仅提高了教学效率,同时增强了学生专业能力培养和综合素质提高,也为其他课程教学改革提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

6.
充分调动学生的学习积极性,深化微生物学教学改革   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
微生物学是生物专业的一门重要基础课。在充分利用各种现代化教学手段的基础上对微生物学课程的教学方法进行了探究,在利用网络教学、提问式教学、研讨式教学、归纳式教学以及考核等多个环节上进行了一系列有益的尝试,尽可能使学生成为教学过程的主体,从而激发他们的学习兴趣和主动性,充分发挥了教学相长的作用。  相似文献   

7.
刘畅  董珂  何平  郭晓奎  赵蔚 《微生物学通报》2023,50(6):2765-2772
随着医学学科的发展和技术的创新,医学微生物学学科知识也不断发展更新。本文对目前医学院校医学微生物学课程教学在面对微生物前沿理念和知识冲击中存在的若干问题进行了剖析,包括对微生物群与宿主健康的新认识、微生物分类的演变、对微生物结构的更新认识,以及器官系统主线和生物学分类主线的知识体系存在的矛盾等。同时也探讨了通过调整重构教学内容、应用多元化教学方法,引入器官系统主线并存等作为可能的解决对策。在新医科的大背景下,医学微生物学课程教学内容的改革势在必行,以适应学科发展并助力人才培养目标的实现。  相似文献   

8.
李敏 《微生物学杂志》2013,33(3):105-109
以知识、能力、情感作为3个基本点,采用多样化的手段对微生物绪论的教学方式进行了探讨。结果表明,通过"提问抛出概念"、"案例介绍历史"、"数字引出特点"、"图示展现作用"等方式进行教学设计,可使微生物学绪论的讲授内容更生动,板块更连贯,记忆更容易,对激发学生学习热情,促进创新精神,提升综合素质,具有良好效果。  相似文献   

9.
合理利用网络资源为《微生物学》教学服务   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
张小乐   《微生物学通报》2004,31(4):116-118
充分利用网络上的教学资源 ,经过整理、修正、补充之后应用到微生物学的教学中 ,提高微生物学的教学质量和教学效率。  相似文献   

10.
    
Intracellular pathogens such as legionella, mycobacteria and Chlamydia-like organisms are difficult to isolate because they often grow poorly or not at all on selective media that are usually used to cultivate bacteria. For this reason, many of these pathogens were discovered only recently or following important outbreaks. These pathogens are often associated with amoebae, which serve as host-cell and allow the survival and growth of the bacteria. We intend here to provide a demonstration of two techniques that allow isolation and characterization of intracellular pathogens present in clinical or environmental samples: the amoebal coculture and the amoebal enrichment. Amoebal coculture allows recovery of intracellular bacteria by inoculating the investigated sample onto an amoebal lawn that can be infected and lysed by the intracellular bacteria present in the sample. Amoebal enrichment allows recovery of amoebae present in a clinical or environmental sample. This can lead to discovery of new amoebal species but also of new intracellular bacteria growing specifically in these amoebae. Together, these two techniques help to discover new intracellular bacteria able to grow in amoebae. Because of their ability to infect amoebae and resist phagocytosis, these intracellular bacteria might also escape phagocytosis by macrophages and thus, be pathogenic for higher eukaryotes.  相似文献   

11.
Some of the major sources of misconceptions and learning difficulties in genetics amongst school students were examined by using in-depth recorded interviews based on genetically orientated tasks. The subsequent unstructured discussion illuminated specific areas of concern. It was found that some students' misconceptions were related to the nature of the concepts used in genetics, such as the frequent representation of meiosis by fixed inanimate stage diagrams. Other problems related to pedagogy, for example, the separation in teaching time between the presentation of meiosis and the introduction of genetics per se; and the type and extent of practical support experience available to the student.  相似文献   

12.
根据开设公选课\"微生物与人类\"的教学实践,介绍了利用公选课传授微生物知识的方式和特点.在教学过程中,首先根据非生物专业学生的特点精选教学内容,然后采取分专题讲授、参观、实验等多种教学方法增强学生的学习兴趣和教学效果,达到提高非生物专业学生科学素质的目的.  相似文献   

13.
实验教学是微生物教学的重要组成部分,是培养学生动手能力、分析和解决问题等能力的重要教学环节.通过适当修改实验方案、整体设计实验、解决实际问题和开设综合性实验等途径实现多样化的教学模式,实践表明可以显著提高学生的学习兴趣,充分调动学生的积极性、主动性和创造性.  相似文献   

14.
层次化教学在“微生物学”课程中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
“微生物学”是高等农业院校的专业基础课。当前,农业院校专业类群复杂,学生个体差异很大,社会竞争力较弱。针对上述问题,基于专业特色和培养目标的差异,在教学大纲、教学内容、教学目标和考核方式等方面采取层次化设计,因材施教,充分发挥学生的能动性,提升教学效果,提高人才培养质量。  相似文献   

15.
潘超  吴雪梅 《微生物学通报》2009,36(11):1780-1782
由武汉大学沈萍教授和陈向东教授主编的《微生物学》(彩色版)是国内第1部4色印刷的微生物学教材, 是经过多名微生物学专家的共同努力精心完成的。在注重加强基础的同时, 还突出新颖性和启发性; 将理论与实践有机结合, 对于学生自助学习能力的培养和创造力的培养很有帮助。精心设计的大量插图的运用也为该教材增色不少。  相似文献   

16.
临床微生物室是临床重要的见习培训基地,培训留学生树立正确的生物安全意识,确保其在临床工作中无意外事故的发生。针对实验室中的生物安全展开探讨,保证留学生教育的顺利进行和教学质量的稳步提高,为临床工作做好安全保障。  相似文献   

17.
微生物能力验证样品均匀性试验的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:对人工制备的微生物能力验证样品进行均匀性试验,验证是否符合能力验证的要求。方法:随机抽取能力验证样品,采用AOAC990.12测试方法,菌落总数的结果经单因素方差分析评价其均匀性。结果:样品D均匀性试验结果为样品间变异较小,样品足够均匀;样品C均匀性试验统计学结果显示样品间差异存在显著性,通过借鉴方法的重复性和再现性的标准差对能力验证总体标准差进行评估,计算Sσ,该值小于能力验证的推荐值,该样品的均匀性可能满足能力验证的对样品要求。  相似文献   

18.
为贯彻科学发展观中\"以人为本\"的现代教育理念,本文提出了生物工程专业微生物学的教学改革方法与实践,包括教学的指导思想、教学内容、教学方式等,教改实践表明新的教学方式能激发学生的学习兴趣,全面培养学生的综合素质和创新能力,以适应新时期社会发展的需求。  相似文献   

19.
微生物教学中激发学生兴趣的几点探索   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
朱宏飞 《微生物学通报》2007,34(1):0173-0175
由于微生物知识在理论和实践中具有重要的作用,加强微生物教学,帮助学生获得系统的微生物学知识体系是相关专业教师的工作目标。在教学中激发学生兴趣是教师达到教学目的一个重要环节,主要阐述了让学生参与课堂教学、利用多媒体教学、优化教学内容和理论联系实际等4方面的内容。  相似文献   

20.
微生物实验教学的目标是既要让学生掌握基本实验技能, 又要扩展学生的知识面, 让他们了解科学发展的前沿。本文通过将微生物多样性研究的实验引入本科微生物实验教学中, 可以使学生初步了解微生物基因组学及微生物分子生态学的相关研究, 激发学生的学习热情, 提高学生的科研创新能力。该实验操作简单, 结果明确, 教学成本低, 便于在高校中开展。  相似文献   

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