松辽盆地东南区姚家组-嫩江组一段地层特征与湖泊演变

详细厘定位于松辽盆地东南区姚家车站剖面的一套上白垩统地层,确认为姚家组至嫩江组一段.姚家组下部以紫红色泥岩为主,至顶部变为黄绿色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩.嫩江组一段整合于姚家组之上,下部以油页岩为主,夹泥质白云岩薄层,中上部以灰绿色泥岩为主,夹白云岩结核.姚家组产有少量介形类化石,属于Cyprideaformosa-Cypridea sunghuajiangensis组合.嫩江组一段含有丰富的介形类、孢粉和叶肢介化石.自下而上建立了两个介形类化石组合:Cypridea anonyma-Candona,fabiforma和Cyidea gracila～Cypridea gunsulinensis,一个孢粉组合:Proteacidites-Cyathidites-Dictyotrililetes,以及两个叶肢介化石带:Dictyestheria elongata和Halysesther-ia yui.叶肢介Halysesthera yui在姚家组/嫩江组界线之上35cm处首现,是嫩江阶底界的首现标志化石.姚家组的TOC值和HI值均很低,有机质来源以高等植物为主,至嫩江组下部,TOC值和HI值比较高,有机质来源为菌藻类和高等植物的混合,向上TOC值和HI值又开始降低.从姚家组至嫩江组一段下部沉积期,松辽古湖泊的湖平面由浅变深,经历了一次大规模的湖侵,至嫩江组一段上部沉积期,湖水又变浅.姚家组红层主要形成于浅水环境,湖底呈氧化状态,有机质主要来源于高等植物,且不利于保存.嫩江组一段的油页岩主要形成于半深湖-深湖环境,湖水分层,下层水体缺氧,上层水体富氧,生物繁盛,有利于有机质的大量保存.     

渤海海域渐新世孢粉、藻类及介形类生态与环境——以曹妃甸5-5构造为例

曹妃甸5-5构造A探井15块岩心和23包岩屑样中含丰富的孢粉、藻类、疑源类以及介形类化石,包括Meliaceoidites-Quercoidites和Ulmipollenitesundulosus-Piceaepollenites2个孢粉组合,Sentusidinium-LeiosphaeridiaCleistosphaeridiumminor,Dictyotidium-Rugasphaera,Gonyaulacysta-Palaeoperidinium 3个藻类、疑源类组合,以及Phacocypris huiminensis, Dongyingia gracilinflexicostata-Chinocythere subtriangulata 2个介形类组合。根据微体古生物、岩矿和地球化学检测结果分析:该构造中沙河街组一段上亚段至东营组二段下亚段为连续沉积。沙河街组一段沉积时期湖岸形成生物礁或滩。东营组三段沉积初期发生短暂海水影响并带来适应咸水藻类,同时陆源淡水快速注入,造成淡水藻类与咸水-半咸水藻类汇聚共生,最终形成滨浅湖—半深湖。环境由炎热潮湿的亚热带气候转变为温暖干燥的温带气...     

松辽盆地D80井嫩一段介形类化石壳体特征及生物地层

松辽盆地嫩江组一段富含介形类化石,是系统研究Santonian期陆相介形类的理想层位。论文对中央坳陷区D80井嫩一段的介形类化石进行了系统的分类、生物地层和壳体特征分析。鉴定出介形类化石11属30种,划分出6个介形类化石带,并与前人的研究结果进行了对比;描述了该段介形类化石的壳体结构,共识别出4种壳饰类型,8种壳形结构,基于介形类壳体特征和其他证据,初步探讨了该时期湖盆湖平面的变化特征,显示出嫩一段时期松辽湖盆湖平面经历了由深逐渐变浅的过程。     

松辽盆地上白垩统嫩江组一段介形类生物地层研究

在对杏104井,杏1—丁3—检323井和塔3井等3口优选井的介形类化石鉴定的基础上,通过对3口优选井涉及研究层位的87块介形类化石样品进行统计分析和编制介形类主要种的地层分布延限图、开展介形类生物地层学研究,建立松辽盆地晚白垩世嫩江组一段介形类化石带7个,包括新建介形类化石带1个,修订介形类化石带1个,并详细描述这7个介形类化石带。     

渤海海域渤中34-A地区古近系介形类组合特征及沉积环境

在渤海海域渤中34-A地区东营组二段下部,发现了以渤海地方属种具棘绍曾介Shaozengia echinata、腹瘤绍曾介S.ventrinodosa、鼓包绍曾介S.gibbosa等为主的大量介形类化石,指示沉积水体环境为淡水-微咸水的滨湖-浅湖;在沙河街组一段上部发现了指示沙河街组一段上亚段存在的李家广北介Guangbeinia lijiaensis亚组合,亚组合发育有椭圆西营介Xiyingia elliptica、高西营介X.alta等大个体、高梯形的介形类,反映当时浅湖-半深湖的沉积环境。通过东营组二段下部与沙河街组一段上部两个介形类发育段的追踪,重新厘定了研究区东营组的地层界面,并确定了沙河街组一段的连续存在。     

黑龙江省古龙及邻区高台子油层介形类分布特征及其生物相

本文依据介形类的分布特征对古龙及邻区高台子油层进行了划分,并对介形类化石的分布、数量、分异度等进行了详细统计;结合化石的生态特征与环境因素,进行了生物相分析、建立了本区高台子油层的生物相标志,划出了深湖、浅湖、滨湖和三角洲前缘等４种生物相,同时作出了高台子油层高四、高三、高二、高一４个油层组的生物相图。     

湖南锡矿山剖面晚泥盆世底栖介形类及其大灭绝

研究的底栖介形类化石采自湖南锡矿山剖面晚泥盆世地层,共30属61种,含1新属,2未定属,13新种和20未定种。在晚泥盆世F/F生物集群灭绝事件之前和以后,根据底栖介形类的演化特征,分为正常期,包括3—5层;灭绝期,即6层;残存期,包括7,8,9a-c,11—13,15层;和复苏期,即20层以上地层。在湖南锡矿山上泥盆统剖面上,底栖介形类动物群遭受到F/F灭绝事件的重创,正常期的37种中仅11种在残存期中幸免于难,24种在本剖面上消失,灭绝种约占65%。对于F/F生物集群灭绝事件的发生机制,虽有多种解释,但造成底栖介形类灭绝的主要原因更可能是缺(贫)氧或含毒环境和气候变化。根据底栖介形类生态组合特征,正常期的介形类动物群代表近岸浅水开阔海台地环境;复苏期的介形类动物群可能代表半局限海台地环境。根据正常期、残存期和复苏期介形类动物群的组成特征,它们所生存的海底为正常的含氧环境。     

新疆南天山下泥盆统阿尔皮什麦布拉克组珊瑚及其地层意义

出露于新疆南天山东部的阿尔皮什麦布拉克组属于近岸、富氧、温暖的浅海沉积。该组自上一个世纪三十年代创建以来,有关它的地质时代归属一直存在着争论,作者根据珊瑚(包括四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚和日射珊瑚)、介形类和牙形类等门类化石的综合研究,主张将阿尔皮什麦布拉克组置于下泥盆统下部的洛赫柯夫阶。     

黔东北石阡香树园剖面“龙马溪组”灰岩中的生物多样性

黔东北石阡香树园剖面志留系底部的"龙马溪组"沉积于上扬子区黔中古陆近岸浅海带,与其它远岸相的龙马溪组下部的黑色笔石页岩差异很大,厚度仅3.3m,为黄色、黄绿色含粉砂质页岩夹6个灰岩薄层或透镜体。从灰岩中识别出叠层石、海绵、床板珊瑚、四射珊瑚、三叶虫、介形类、腕足类和棘皮类等化石碎片类型,指示了奥陶纪末赫南特冰期结束后,适宜于各类底栖生物生长的生态条件在近岸区最早出现。     

新疆西准噶尔晚泥盆世洪古勒楞组介形类生物地层

新疆西准噶尔上泥盆统洪古勒楞组产出丰富的介形类化石,本文对乌兰柯顺和布龙果尔两条剖面的洪古勒楞组介形类开展生物地层学研究。首次在活动板块边缘地区建立底栖介形类生物带,为研究区的地层划分和对比提供新的依据。洪古勒楞组下段介形类可划分为两个带和两个亚带:Hollinella valentinae-Samarella coumiacensis带和Microcheilinella hoxtolgaiensis-Praepilatina adamczaki带,后者以Microcheilinella bulongourensis的消失为界可分为上、下亚带。在两个研究剖面上洪古勒楞组底部出现典型的弗拉期介形类分子,由此证明西准噶尔上泥盆统可能存在弗拉阶-法门阶(F-F)界线。     

Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on non-marine ostracodes from well SK1 (south), Songliao Basin,northeast China

High-resolution biostratigraphy has been established on the basis of fossil ostracodes from cores of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling borehole-Songke 1 (south) (SK1(s)) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. More than 80 species belonging to 13 genera have been identified and 15 ostracode assemblage zones have been recognized. On the basis of ostracode paleoecological analysis, paleoenvironments, for example lake levels and salinity, have been reconstructed. Two inferred deep-water phases occurred during the deposition of the lower Qingshankou and lower Nenjiang formations, whereas shallower water phases probably occurred during deposition of the upper Quantou and uppermost Qingshankou to Yaojia formations. The salinity of paleo-Songliao lake is interpreted as predominantly freshwater to oligohaline. Oligohaline to mesohaline water environments may have occurred during the first and middle third members of the Qingshankou formation and the lower first and lower second members of the Nenjiang formation.     

浙江桐庐早二叠世船山组介形类化石

研究报道的介形类化石系采自浙江省桐庐县瑶林镇沈村剖面早二叠世船山组,计14 属4 亚属22 种,包括4新种和4未定种。其中12属4亚属和19种产自船山组第三段,并被归为Hollinella(Praehollinella) ema ciata Basslerella ola 组合,代表早二叠世船山世隆林期。牙形刺化石主要产自船山组第一段,带化石Streptogna thodus elegantulus 及其共生的其它牙形刺化石,指明船山组第一段的时代为中、晚卡西莫夫期到早格泽里期。根据介形类动物群生态组合和岩石特征,推测船山组第三段是在温暖的近岸浅水且为低能的开阔海环境下沉积的。     

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地晚白垩世嫩江组孢粉植物群

开鲁盆地白垩系发育,至今已有200余口探井钻遇到上白垩统,其中嫩江组滨浅湖相沉积地层厚度稳定,分布广泛,含较丰富的孢粉化石。通过对嫩江组孢粉化石的系统研究,建立了以Schizaeoisporites-BeaupreaiditesLythraites为代表的孢粉组合。孢粉组合和岩石组合的对比表明,开鲁盆地缺失松辽盆地嫩江组中上部地层。根据沉积特征和孢粉植物群面貌,对古植被、古气候和古环境进行了讨论,认为本区晚白垩世处于东北中生孢粉植物区南缘,孢粉植物群具有过渡性质,反应了偏干的暖温带—亚热带气候特征。     

OSTRACODS AS MARKERS OF THE PERMIAN/TRIASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE KHUFF FORMATION OF SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract:  Ostracods are described for the first time from Permian–Triassic shallow marine sediments of the Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia. They were collected using a modified acetolysis technique for releasing calcareous shells from limestones that is described herein. Thirty-four species belonging to 17 genera are recognized. Two new species are described: Arqoviella arabica sp. nov. and A. khartamensis sp. nov. The ostracod fauna supports a Late Permian age for the lower Khartam Member and a probable Early Triassic age for the upper Khartam Member of the Khuff Formation of central Saudi Arabia. This suggests that the Permian/Triassic boundary is located within the Khartam Member, rather than at the major lithological break between the Midhnab and Khartam members. Palaeoecological analysis suggests that the palaeoenvironment of the Khuff Formation was shallow marine (between 1 and 50 m deep) on an internal shelf.     

Ordovician (Dobrotivá Formation) ostracodes and trilobites from Ejpovice (Bohemia) and their relations to faunas of northern and western Europe

For the first time a complete ostracode and trilobite fauna is described from the Dobrovitá Formation (Ordovician) of Perunica. In contrast to the trilobite fauna the ostracode fauna evidences close relations to both Armorica and Baltica. The trilobite fauna comprises 11 species out of 11 genera, the ostracode fauna comprises 15 (5 new) species out of 15 (1 new) genera.     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘覆盖区晚白垩世紫泥泉子组介形类动物群

在准噶尔盆地南缘覆盖区的紫泥泉子组普遍见到丰富的晚白垩世介形类化石,自西向东面貌一致,分布稳定,计有10属(包括1亚属)17种4比较种2未定种,可归为一个Talicypridea组合,是覆盖区划分和对比紫泥泉子组的重要标志。     

川南布拖县乌科志留纪早期介形类丽足介目(Myodocopida)

乌科剖面位于四川布拖县乌科乡境内。在此剖面的石门坎组上碎屑岩段中产有相当丰富的介形类丽足介目,特别是球茎介科的化石。经研究、鉴定,初步划分出2个属和6个种,其中包括3个新种(Entomozoe bispinosa sp.nov.,E.suboblongasp.nov.,E.wukeensis sp.nov.),1个比较种和2个未定种。在分析上述属、种,特别是相关种的地质、地理分布特征的基础上,并参考其他门类化石(如腕足类动物群)和岩石性质,提出石门坎组上碎屑岩段可能要低于笔石M.crispus带上部,大致相当于志留纪兰多维列世特列奇期早期。Entomozoe和球茎介科的最早代表推测是产自石门坎组上碎屑岩段Entomozoe的那些分子,如E.suboblongasp.nov.,而非E.tuberosa(Jones),1861(或其亲缘种E.aff.tuberosa)(Siveter et al.,1990,2006)。文中还就上述丽足介目动物群的生态环境进行了分析,指出石门坎组上碎屑岩段可能是在陆棚浅水到相对较深水、能量较低的、温暖的开阔海环境下沉积的。     

Woodland in a fluvio-lacustrine environment on the dry Mongolian Plateau during the late Paleocene: Evidence from the mammal bearing Subeng section (Inner Mongolia,P.R. China)

In the understanding of the global faunal turnover during the Paleocene–Eocene transition, an important role has been attributed to the Asian continent, although the Asian fossil record for this period is still incomplete. Here we present a multidisciplinary study of the Subeng section (Inner Mongolia, P.R. China), integrating sedimentological, stratigraphical and diverse palaeontological data, in order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and to enhance the understanding of the late Paleocene communities that once thrived on the Mongolian Plateau. The Subeng section starts with the Maastrichtian Iren Dabasu Formation directly covered by the late Paleocene Nomogen Formation. This Nomogen Formation is composed of typical lacustrine deposits at the base, covered by fluvio-lacustrine deposits at the top. Both types of deposits provided rich ostracod and charophyte assemblages, closest to those of the Naran Member, Naran Bulak Formation of Mongolia. Palynomorphs from the lake sediments suggest a local flora at Subeng more wooded and closed than reported from elsewhere in this region. The fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Nomogen Formation have yielded a vertebrate fauna especially rich in mammals. The mammal fauna from Subeng is close to that from Bayan Ulan and typical for the Gashatan Asian Land Mammal Age. The presence of reworked pedogenic carbonate nodules and mud aggregates suggests an at least seasonally dry regional climate. Combined sedimentological and palaeontological data suggest the late Paleocene Nomogen Formation at Subeng was an isolated woodland in a fluvio-lacustrine environment, representing a locally humid environment on the semi-arid Mongolian Plateau. The mammal fauna reflects these differences and shows a number of relatives to mammals from the more humid northeastern Chinese biotic province as well as some North American immigrants.     

Spatial heterogeneity of the population age structure of the ostracode Limnocythere inopinata in Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia and its implications

Most existing studies of lacustrine ostracodes have been focused on species composition, and little attention has been paid to population structure. In this study, 39 surface-sediment samples from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia, were analyzed for ostracode species composition and 17 of them also for population structure of Limnocythere inopinata, which is the dominant ostracode in the lake. A total of nine ostracode species were recovered, most of which show high abundances at sites with rich plant detritus, implying the possible control of food supply on ostracode species occurrence in the lake. On the other hand, both the subfossil and the living populations of L. inopinata have greater numbers of early instars in deeper waters, while middle and late instars occur mostly in shallower waters, which is related to the grainsize composition of the substrate, denoting a hydraulic control on population structure. Pre- and post-mortem transport of ostracodes may be responsible for the observed within-lake changes in the population structure, although other factors such as migration, intrinsic population dynamics, and life cycle could also be involved. Our data provide insights into the interpretation of lake conditions when using ostracodes in paleolimnological research of lakes with similar natural settings.