香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

香菇印gpd-Le和ras-Le启动子的功能分析

利用从香菇菌丝体中克隆的启动子片段gpd-Le(613bp)和ras-Le(715bp)分别连接于报告基因gfp(绿色荧光蛋白基因)的上游,构建了启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pLg-gfp和pLr-gfp分别与辅助质粒pCc1001(含有trp1基因)共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测。结果表明:香菇gpd-Le启动子在灰盖鬼伞的菌丝中具有较强驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下观察到gfp基因表达的绿色荧光。而香菇ras-Le启动子没有检测到有驱动外源gfp基因表达的活性。     

灰树花gpd-Gf启动子的功能分析

利用从灰树花菌丝体中克隆的gpd-Gf（615bp）启动子片段串联于报告基因gfp上游,构建启动子功能活性检测表达质粒pGg-gfp。采用PEG介导法把表达质粒pGg-gfp与辅助质粒pCc1001（含有trp1基因）共转化进色氨酸营养缺陷型的灰盖鬼伞粉孢子的原生质体中。经过选择培养基筛选、假定转化子的分子鉴定以及GFP荧光检测, 结果表明：灰树花gpd-Gf启动子在灰盖鬼伞菌丝中具有较强驱动gfp基因表达的活性,在荧光显微镜和共聚焦显微镜下可以观察到转化子菌丝发出的强烈荧光。     

依赖PrfA转录调控的单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因inlC启动子结构特点的初步研究

为了研究单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因启动子的结构特点与转录调控因子PrfA蛋白之间的关系,应用PCR定点突变和重组PCR技术缺失了该菌毒力基因inlC启动子上可能与PrfA蛋白结合以及诱发转录起始相关的碱基序列,构建了一系列突变启动子与lacZ报告基因融合表达质粒, 使lacZ基因的表达置于inlC突变启动子下,并分别电转化单核细胞增生李斯特菌野生株P14、PrfA蛋白高表达突变株P14a 和prfA基因等位缺失突变株A42中,检测相应的β-半乳糖苷酶活性。结果表明：位于inlC启动子转录起始点下游22bp 处的一段17bp的类似PrfA蛋白结合序列TTAACAGCGTTTGTTAA并没有增强和抑制PrfA转录调控活性的功能;甚至将其改造成“完美的” PrfA蛋白结合序列TTAACATTTGTTAA后,也不影响inlC依赖于PrfA的转录活性地表达;但是,如果缺失inlC启动子上原始的PrfA蛋白结合序列,则使inlC依赖于PrfA的转录活性完全丧失;另外,单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因inlC和plcA 依赖于PrfA的转录活性的表达也与启动子上PrfA蛋白结合区(PrfA-box)距离-10区的碱基个数有关:最适为22或23bp,长于23bp或短于22bp的突变启动子的依赖PrfA的转录活性大大降低,甚至没有活性。说明除PrfA蛋白结合序列外,受PrfA调控的毒力基因启动子上还可能存在其它尚未阐明的结构和序列影响PrfA蛋白的结合以及启动转录表达。     

基于谷氨酸消旋酶基因(murI)构建杀香鱼假单胞菌减毒活疫苗株的染色体-质粒平衡致死表达系统

【目的】构建一种基于谷氨酸消旋酶(MurI)基因的染色体-质粒平衡致死系统,用于杀香鱼假单胞菌减毒活疫苗株(Pseudomonas plecoglossicida ΔtssD-1, Pp ΔtssD-1)中表达外源抗原,为开发多联活疫苗提供新的思路和方法。【方法】利用同源重组技术,将亲本株Pp ΔtssD-1中的murI基因敲除,构建murI基因缺失突变株;将广宿主穿梭质粒pBBR1MCS-2的卡那霉素抗性基因替换为murI基因,构建平衡致死质粒(即无抗性回补质粒);在平衡致死质粒的多克隆位点处插入绿色荧光蛋白以检测外源抗原是否稳定表达,对重组菌株进行生物学特性分析,包括生长曲线、质粒稳定性和外源抗原表达水平。【结果】murI基因缺失株在不含D-谷氨酸的LB培养基上无法生长;无抗性回补株在不含D-谷氨酸的LB培养基上恢复了生长能力,但生长速度低于亲本株;经鉴定外源抗原可在无抗性质粒中稳定表达,并可在荧光显微镜下观察到明显的绿色荧光信号;此外,平衡致死质粒在重组菌株中具有良好的遗传稳定性。【结论】本研究以murI为靶点构建了新型的染色体-质粒平衡致死系统,可在无抗性筛选条件下在Pp ΔtssD-1中表达外源抗原,为开发多联活疫苗提供了新的策略和方法。     

鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆与P基因的表达鉴定

将鹅源新城疫病毒的NP、P和L基因通过RT PCR方法从尿囊液中扩增后分别克隆进pGEM-Teasy载体 ,再分别亚克隆到真核表达载体pCI neo上 ,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。利用P基因开放性阅读框 (ORF)上靠近终止密码上游的AgeI位点 ,将报告基因绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因克隆进P基因真核表达重组质粒 ,分别转染COS-1细胞和CEF细胞 ,在倒置荧光显微镜下可见到绿色荧光 ,表明GFP基因已得到表达 ,由此证明P相似文献   

基于MS2噬菌体lys基因的质粒型条件自溶菌的构建与应用

【背景】传统外源蛋白的原核表达通常需要以超声破碎或者酶解的方式破碎菌体,过程比较烦琐。【目的】构建基于MS2噬菌体lys基因的质粒型条件自溶菌,以简化外源蛋白的获取流程。【方法】从MS2噬菌体中克隆lys基因,构建重组表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中异源表达,以此构建质粒型条件自溶菌,通过生长曲线和菌落形成单位反映自溶菌裂解效率,利用SDS-PAGE检测外源蛋白释放情况。【结果】构建了pBAD-lys BL21(DE3)、pBAD-Opti-lys BL21(DE3)及pCDF-BAD-Opti-lys BL21(DE3)这3种质粒型条件自溶菌。以上自溶菌在阿拉伯糖诱导后其宿主裂解效率均为99.99%以上,CFU结果显示含pCDF-BAD-Opti-lys质粒的宿主裂解效果更优,在此自溶菌BL21(DE3)中表达含His标签的重组绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,eGFP),经阿拉伯糖诱导后菌体中约63.00%以上的eGFP释放至胞外,利用Ni-NTA可以直接从培养基中纯化得到约30 kDa的单一目的蛋白。【结论】基于MS2噬菌体lys基因成功构建了阿拉伯糖诱导的质粒型条件自溶菌,此自溶菌能够以自我裂解的方式释放大部分胞内外源蛋白,简化传统外源蛋白获取流程。     

黄毛草莓FnMYB24转录因子基因和启动子的克隆及表达分析

该研究以黄毛草莓(Fragaria nilgerrensis Schltdl.)为材料,采用RT PCR技术克隆了黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因的cDNA和启动子序列。生物信息学分析表明,FnMYB24的cDNA序列长为1 033 bp(GenBank登录号为MN879283),其开放阅读框(ORF)长为609 bp,编码202个氨基酸,含有1个保守的MYB_DNA binding结构域。同源分析结果显示,黄毛草莓FnMYB24基因编码的氨基酸序列与森林草莓(Fragaria vesca)编码的氨基酸相似性较高;同时进一步克隆了该基因编码起始位点上游长度为718 bp启动子序列(GenBank登录号为MN879285),预测该序列包含激素响应元件、光调控元件等多个顺式作用元件。通过构建pFnMYB24∷GUS表达载体进行烟草瞬时转化,发现pFnMYB24启动子具有转录活性且能够驱动FnMYB24基因表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示：抗病品种黄毛草莓和易感病栽培品种‘妙香3号’的叶片接种胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)后MYB24基因表达量均有上调,但‘妙香3号’的MYB24表达量始终低于黄毛草莓的表达量;SA处理后2个草莓品种的MYB24表达量均高于对照组,表明MYB24基因受水杨酸(SA)的诱导表达。研究表明,草莓MYB24基因可能参与调控抗炭疽病,为进一步研究MYB24基因在草莓抗炭疽病中的功能奠定了基础。     

基于微流控芯片的温度梯度毛细管电泳检测大肠癌石蜡标本中K-ras基因突变

K-ras基因突变检测可用于大肠癌的早期筛查与诊断,并有利于筛选出抗表皮生长因子受体靶向药物治疗有效的大肠癌患者,以实现肿瘤的个体化治疗．采用以倾斜式热辐射原理建立的微流控温度梯度毛细管电泳(temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis,TGCE)基因突变检测系统,实现了对98例石蜡包埋大肠癌组织中K-ras基因突变的高灵敏度筛查,突变阳性检出率为47.96%,显著高于PCR产物直接测序的23.47%．克隆测序显示该方法至少能检测到2.08%的K-ras基因突变体．K-ras基因突变与临床病理学参数的关系分析显示,直肠癌中K-ras基因突变率明显高于结肠癌(P < 0.05),而与年龄、性别、组织学类型和肿瘤分期等无显著相关性．该检测方法为肿瘤早期诊断和指导临床用药提供了一种灵敏度高、检测速度快、便于大规模筛查的有效手段.     

Mstn基因干扰通过上调基因Cpt1b促进肌间脂肪的β氧化

肌生长抑制素(myostatin,Mstn)也被称为生长/分化因子-8(GDF-8)。敲减或敲除Mstn基因可促进肌肉发育、降低脂肪含量。本研究利用RNA干扰技术制备Mstn干扰小鼠,随后对其骨骼肌形态、骨骼肌甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)含量、脂肪酸组成及含量进行了分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,Mstn干扰小鼠肌肉中Mstn的表达减少。小鼠骨骼肌肌纤维的横截面积显著增大,而TG含量显著降低,n-3/n-6和不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值显著升高。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪酸代谢相关基因的表达,结果表明脂肪酸分解和转运相关基因表达上调,而脂肪酸合成相关基因表达下调。在这些基因中,与β氧化相关的基因Cpt1b的上调尤为明显。对骨骼肌中CPT1的酶活性进行了检测,结果与基因表达情况一致。为探讨其进一步作用机理,通过染色质免疫沉淀实验发现,Mstn基因下游转录因子SMAD3可与Cpt1b基因的启动子直接结合。上述结果表明,Mstn敲减后主要通过调控其下游转录因子SMAD3与Cpt1b基因启动子的结合,上调Cpt1b的表达,从而促进肌内脂肪酸的β氧化代谢。     

Gene cloning and transformation in the basidiomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus: Isolation and expression of the isocitrate lyase gene (acu-7)

Summary The cloned isocitrate lyase structural gene of Aspergillus nidulans (acuD) was shown to hybridize under reduced stringency conditions to unique sequences in genomic DNA digests of the basidiomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus. A gene library of C. cinereus was constructed in the lambda replacement vector L47 and screened for sequences hybridizing to the A. nidulans gene. A recombinant phage was isolated which contained the hybridizing sequence on a 5.6-kb BamHI fragment. This fragment was subcloned into pUC13 to give plasmid pHIONA1 and shown to contain a functional C. cinereus isocitrate lyase gene (acu-7) by transformation of an acu-7 mutant. Direct selection for Acu⁺ transformants was not possible because of the toxicity of the acetate selection medium. Acu⁺ transformants were obtained as cotransformants by transforming an acu-7 trp-1 double mutant, having mutations in both the isocitrate lyase and tryptophan synthetase structural genes, with a plasmid containing the trp-1 gene and either pHIONA1 or the original lambda clone. Up to 47.5% of the selected Trp⁺ transformants were cotransformed to Acu⁺. A physical analysis of 40 Acu⁺ transformants showed that the acu-7 gene had integrated at non-homologous and often multiple sites in the genome. Meiotic stability of the integrated gene was demonstrated by genetic crosses.     

Evaluation of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of agricus bisporus using a range of promoters linked to hygromycin resistance

There is interest in establishing genetic modification technologies for the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus, both for improved crop characteristics and for molecular pharming. For these methods to be successful, it is necessary to establish a set of transformation systems that include robust and reliable vectors for gene manipulation. In this article, we report the evaluation of a series of promoters for driving expression of the Escherichia coli hph gene encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase. This was achieved using the Aspergillus nidulans gpdA and the A. bisporus gpdII and trip2 promoters. The Coprinus cinereus β-tubulin promoter gave contrasting results depending on the size of promoter used, with a 393-bp region being effective, whereas the longer 453-bp fragment failed to yield any hygromycin-resistant transformants. The C. cinereus trp 1 and the A. bisporus lcc1 promoters both failed to yield transformants. We also show that transformation efficiency may be improved by careful selection of both appropriate Agrobacterium strains, with ALG-1 yielding more than LBA1126 and by the choice of the binary vectors used to mobilize the DNA, with pCAMBIA vectors appearing to be more efficient than either pBIN19- or pGREEN-based systems.     

Expression of A mating type genes of Coprinus cinereus in a heterologous basidiomycete host

The A mating factor of Coprinus cinereus determines compatibility in mating by regulating part of a developmental sequence that leads to dikaryon formation. The A genes that trigger development encode two different classes of homeodomain proteins, and for a successful mating, a protein of one class, HD 1, must interact with a protein of the other class, HD 2. In this report we show that C. cinereus A genes that encode HD 2 proteins, a2-1 and b2-1, can elicit A-regulated development in the heterologous host C. bilanatus. Transformation rates were very low, suggesting that the genes were poorly transcribed. The fact that the HD 2 genes are functionally expressed implies successful heteromultimeric association of putative DNA-binding proteins coded by the two Coprinus species. This interaction was sufficient to satisfy the need for different A factors in the formation of a fertile C. bilanatus dikaryon, but fertile dikaryons were more readily produced in matings with the a2-1 gene transformants. The C. cinereus A genes, b1-1 and d1-1, which encode HD1 proteins, were either not expressed or their proteins were non-functional in C. bilanatus. These experiments raise some interesting questions regarding HD1–HD2 protein interactions.     

Cloning of a rhodococcal promoter using a transposon for dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization

The expression of biodesulfurization genes (dsz) in Rhodococcus erythropolis strain KA2-5-1 is repressed by sulfate which is the product of biodesulfurization. The application of a sulfate non-repressible promoter could be effective in enhancing biodesulfurization. A promoter-probe transposon was constructed using the promoterless, red-shifted green fluorescence protein gene (rsgfp). A 340 bp putative promoter element, designated kap1, was isolated from a strain KA2-5-1 recombinant that had shown high fluorescence intensity. The activity of kap1 was not affected by 1 mM sulfate. It gave about a 2-fold greater activity than the 16S ribosomal RNA promoter in R. erythropolis strain KA2-5-1 and is therefore useful for expressing desulfurization genes in rhodococcal strains.     

Construction of a Tightly Regulated Plasmid Vector for Streptococcus pneumoniae: Controlled Expression of the Green Fluorescent Protein

We have constructed a regulated plasmid vector for Streptococcus pneumoniae, based on the streptococcal broad-host-range replicon pLS1. As a reporter gene, we subcloned the gfp gene from Aequorea victoria, encoding the green fluorescent protein. This gene was placed under the control of the inducible P_M promoter of the S. pneumoniae malMP operon which, in turn, is regulated by the product of the pneumococcal malR gene. Binding of MalR protein to the P_M promoter is inactivated by growing the cells in maltose-containing media. Highly regulated gene expression was achieved by cloning in the same plasmid the P_M-gfp cassette and the malR gene, thus providing the MalR regulator in cis. Pneumococcal cells harboring this vector gave a linear response of GFP synthesis in a maltose-dependent mode without detectable background levels in the absence of the inducer.     

Transformation of Metarhizium anisopliae with benomyl resistance and green fluorescent protein genes provides a tag for genetically engineered strains

A plasmid, pBGFP, carrying green fluorescent protein (gfp) and benomyl-resistance genes was constructed and transformed into Metarhizium anisopliae. The transformants grew normally and GFP fluorescence was detected. No change was found in virulence for the transformants. Fluorescence was detected in hyphae from the haemolymph of the infected locust, and the benomyl-resistance was maintained. Results suggested that the two markers provided a useful tool for screening and monitoring the engineered strains even after infection.