有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨有氧康复运动对慢性心力衰竭(chronic cardiac failure,CHF)患者心室重构及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:78例CHF患者随机分为运动组(n=39)、对照组(n=39)。对照组给予常规内科药物治疗、日常活动能力训练,运动组在此基础上根据美国心脏病学会(American Heart Association,AHA)的《三阶段康复运动方案》进行有氧康复运动,共持续12周。比较两组治疗前后心脏结构和功能、血管内皮功能及生活质量的改善情况。结果:干预后,两组左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、明尼苏达心衰生活质量(Minnesota Living With Heart Failure,MLHF)评分、血清内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)水平均明显减小,左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6 minute walking test,6MWT)、血清一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)水平均明显升高,且运动组LVESD、LVEDD、MLHF评分、血清ET-1、Ang Ⅱ水平明显低于对照组,LVEF、6MWT、血清NO、CGRP水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组干预期间心衰再入院率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧运动康复训练有助于改善CHF患者的血管内皮功能,延缓或逆转心室重构,提高生活质量,改善预后。     

ANP在大鼠高血压进展为心力衰竭中的作用

目的：探讨心房钠尿钛ANP 在高血压心力衰竭发展过程中的变化和氨氯地平保护心肌细胞的作用。方法：对大鼠行腹主动 脉结扎术，术后随机选择40 只大鼠分为氨氯地平（中、高、低剂量）组以及模型组，另外选取10 只健康雄性SD 大鼠作为假手术 组。采用ELISA 方法检测各组血清ANP 浓度变化。结果：随着心功能不全加重，ANP 水平逐渐上升。氨氯地平用药组大鼠的心功 能改善明显优于模型组，ANP 明显降低，且随着氨氯地平用药量上升，心功能不断改善，ANP显著下降，P<0.05。结论：对血清 ANP浓度进行测定能够反映出高血压大鼠模型心室功能不全及充血性心力衰竭严重程度。而氨氯地平能够影响机体的ANP 分 泌对心肌细胞起到保护作用，从而有效抑制心室重构，延缓高血压心力衰竭疾病进展。     

慢性间歇性缺氧降低SD大鼠精子数量和活力的研究

摘要 目的：通过制备大鼠慢性间歇性缺氧的动物模型,观察间歇性缺氧对雄性大鼠精子数量和活力的影响,并初步探讨其可能的发生机制。方法：16只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和缺氧组。间歇性缺氧8周后分别测定两组大鼠精子活力和精子浓度,睾丸组织中P53的表达量和细胞的凋亡水平,以及血清睾酮（T）、促卵泡素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）的浓度。结果：与对照组比较,缺氧组大鼠精子的浓度和活力均降低（P>0.05),并且前向运动的精子数明显减少（P<0.05）。同时,缺氧组睾丸组织P53 mRNA的表达和睾丸组织中凋亡的细胞均多于对照组,血清T、LH的浓度低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：间歇性缺氧时可能影响了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴,不仅使睾酮合成减少,还降低了对P53的抑制作用而诱导了大量细胞的凋亡,最终降低了SD大鼠的精子数量和活力。     

Dynamic expression profiles of MMPs/TIMPs and collagen deposition in mechanically unloaded rat heart: implications for left ventricular assist device support-induced cardiac alterations

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) ameliorate heart failure by reducing preload and afterload. However, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after application of LVADs is not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate ECM remodeling after mechanical unloading in a rat heart transplant model. Sixty male Lewis rats were subjected to abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation, and the transplanted hearts were pressure- and volume-unloaded. The age- and weight- matched male Lewis rats who had undergone open thoracic surgeries were used as the control. Left ventricle ECM accumulation and the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after transplantation/sham surgery. Compared with the control group, myocardial ECM deposition significantly increased on the seventh and fourteenth days after heart transplantation (P?<?0.05) and peaked on the 14th day. The gelatinase activity as well as mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased after transplantation (P?<?0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 significantly increased compared with those of the control group. Mechanical unloading may lead to adverse remodeling of the ECM of the left ventricle. The underlying mechanism may due to the imbalance of the MMP/TIMP system, especially the remarkable upregulation of TIMPs in the pressure and volume unloaded heart.     

Ghrelin对改善心衰大鼠左室功能紊乱的作用研究

目的:慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者终末期阶段常发生左室(LV)重塑和心脏性恶病质,有研究称Ghrelin可能对CHFLV功能和能量代谢产生保护作用。本文旨在探讨Ghrelin对CHF大鼠LV功能紊乱和心源性恶病质的作用。方法:建立左冠状动脉结扎术和假手术组,手术后4周,给予大鼠Ghrelin或生理盐水3周。用超声心动图和心脏导管术监测结果。结果:与给予安慰剂组相比,用Ghrelin治疗的CHF和假手术组,血浆GH和胰岛素样生长因子1明显升高(t=1.49,t=0.71,P0.05)。与Sham-Placebo组相比,CHF-Placebo组大鼠体重明显减轻(t=2.18,P0.05)。然而与CHF-Placebo组相比,CHF-Ghrelin组大鼠,体重(t=3.89,P0.05),心输出量(t=3.28,P0.05),LV dP/dtmax(t=3.90,P0.05)明显增加。Ghrelin增加了CHF大鼠心脏舒张压,抑制LV扩大,增加LV缩短分数。结论:长期注射Ghrelin可改善CHF大鼠LV功能紊乱,减缓LV重构和心脏性恶病质的发展,有望为CHF的治疗提供新的途径和方法。     

Heart rate reduction by zatebradine reduces infarct size and mortality but promotes remodeling in rats with experimental myocardial infarction

The importance of heart rate for left ventricular remodeling and prognosis after myocardial infarction is not known. We examined the contribution of heart rate reduction by zatebradine, a direct sinus node inhibitor without negative inotropic effects on left ventricular function and dilatation, on mortality, energy metabolism, and neurohormonal changes in rats with experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Thirty minutes after left coronary artery ligation or sham operation, the rats were randomized to receive either placebo or zatebradine (100 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) per gavage) continued for 8 wk. Mortality during 8 wk was 33.3% in the placebo and 23.0% in the zatebradine group (P < 0.05); MI size was 36 +/- 2% and 30 +/- 1% (means +/- SE, P < 0.05), respectively. Zatebradine improved stroke volume index in all treated rats but increased left ventricular volume in rats with small MI (2.43 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.81 +/- 0.10 ml/kg, P < 0.05) but not in rats with large MI (2.34 +/- 0.09 vs. 2.35 +/- 0.11 ml/kg, not significant). Zatebradine reduced left and right ventricular norepinephrine and increased left and right ventricular 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol-to-norepinephrine ratio suggesting aggravation of cardiac sympathetic activation by zatebradine after MI. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in rats with MI remained unchanged by zatebradine. Lowering heart rate per se reduces mortality and MI size in this model but induces adverse effects on left ventricular remodeling in rats with small MI.     

基于三维超声心动图对比分析扩张型心肌病与二尖瓣关闭不全左室构型和收缩功能的研究

摘要 目的：基于三维超声心动图对比分析扩张型心肌病（DCM）与二尖瓣关闭不全（MI）左室构型和收缩功能的研究。方法：收集我院2018年1月至2021年7月就诊患有左心室（LV）扩张的患者100例,其中DCM患者57例,MI患者43例。LV大小大致相仿,DCM组（43±5）mm/m²,MI组（42±5）mm/m²。另选取同时期50例健康受试者作为对照组。所有患者均进行常规超声心动图及三维超声心动图检查,测量指标主要包括左室大小（LVID）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室舒张末期室间间隔厚度（IVS）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）、相对室壁厚度（RWT）、LV质量指数（LVMI）、三维左室射血分数（3D-LVEF）、三维舒张末期血流速度（3D-EDV）、二维或三维超声心动图球形指数（2D-SI/3D-SI）。结果：DCM组和MI组LVEDD均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组比MI组患者心功能分级III/IV和心力衰竭的发生率更高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LVEDD、LVEDD指数、LVEDV、LVEDV指数、3D-EDV、3D-EDV指数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但DCM组和MI组对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LV长度、LV长度指数、LVMI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且MI组高于DCM组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组和MI组患者的LVESV、LVESV指数、2D-SI、3D-SI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且DCM组高于MI组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DCM组3D-LVEF、RWT均低于对照组和MI组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC分析显示,3D-SI在评估左室扩大患者的左室重构方面优于其他变量,3D-SI的ROC曲线下面积为0.875,95%CI为0.816-0.920,3D-SI>0.62对于DCM和MI区分左室构型的特异性（81.66%）和敏感性（92.09%）较高。DCM和MI患者的3D-LVEF和3D-SI均呈线性负相关（r=-0.719,P=0.000;r=-0.682,P=0.000）。DCM和MI患者3D-SI检测心力衰竭的ROC曲线下面积均大于3D-LVEF的ROC曲线下面积,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论：与MI患者相比,尽管LV大小大致相仿,但DCM患者的左室几何形状更接近球形,且收缩功能更差。收缩功能与3D-SI显著相关,3D-SI较好地描述了左室重构,可能是LV扩张患者心力衰竭的较强指标。     

血清vaspin、IL-6水平对急性心肌梗死后左室重构的评估价值

目的:观察冠脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的左室重构与血清脂肪特异性丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(vaspin)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平的相关性。方法:入选的研究对象(50例)均来自于2018年9月～2019年6月就诊于同济大学附属普陀人民医院且被诊断为AMI的住院患者,患者均经早期经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗,术后规范药物治疗。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定50例患者发病后1天、7天、30天的血清vaspin和IL-6水平并行超声心动图检查。同时以50例健康体健者作为对照组。比较两组间血清vaspin、IL-6水平的差异,观察AMI后血清vaspin、IL-6水平的变化趋势及其与左室重构的指标包括左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)的相关性。结果:(1)对照组血清vaspin水平为6.03±1.18 ng/mL,AMI组血清vaspin水平4.22±1.37 ng/mL,AMI组血清vaspin水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),且AMI后1月内血清vaspin水平逐渐降低(P0.05);对照组血清IL-6水平为12.04±3.97 ng/mL,AMI组血清IL-6水平为26.72±10.06 ng/mL,AMI组患者血清IL-6水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),且AMI后1月内血清IL-6水平逐渐升高(P0.05);(2)经相关性分析显示:AMI后1天、7天、30天血清vaspin水平与LVEDD、LVESD均呈负相关(P0.05),血清IL-6水平与LVEDD、LVESD均呈正相关(P0.05),血清vaspin水平与IL-6水平均呈负相关(P0.001)。结论:急性心肌梗死后早期,左室重构的进展伴随着血清vaspin的降低与IL-6的升高,临床上应监测两种指标的变化,对左室重构早期干预,预防心力衰竭的发生。     

房颤大鼠模型心室重构与心肌细胞钙稳态和心律失常的关联

摘要 目的：探讨房颤大鼠模型心室重构与心肌细胞钙稳态和心律失常的关联性。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠随机平分为两组,各组8只,模型组采用乙酞胆碱-氯化钙混合液尾静脉注射法建立房颤动物模型,对照组注射同剂量的生理盐水,记录两组心室重构、心肌细胞钙稳态、心律失常情况并进行相关性分析。结果：模型组建模第2周与第4周的左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）值都高于对照组（P<0.05）。模型组建模第2周与第4周的血清肌钙蛋白（cTnT）含量高于对照组（P<0.05）。模型组建模第2周与第4周心脏体外牵张性心律失常持续时间都高于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示建模第2周与第4周的LVEDD、LVESD、cTnT与牵张性心律失常持续时间存在正相关（P<0.05）。结论：房颤大鼠伴随有心室重构与心肌细胞钙离子的大量释放,可增加牵张性心律失常持续时间,相关性分析结果表明：心室重构、心肌细胞钙稳态和心律失常存在显著正相关性。     

托拉塞米联合川芎嗪注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效及对患者血清MCP-1、BNP、NGAL水平的影响

目的:探讨托拉塞米联合川芎嗪注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效及对患者血清单核细胞趋化蛋白因子-1(MCP-1)、脑钠肽(BNP)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年3月～2017年3月于我院住院的慢性心力衰竭患者100例,按随机数字表法将其分成治疗组(n=50)与对照组(n=50)。两组患者均给予相同的常规治疗,对照组在此基础上联合托拉塞米治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用川芎嗪注射液治疗。在完成2周治疗后,对两组进行疗效评价,比较两组治疗前后心功能、6 min步行距离(6MWT)及生活质量水平、血清MCP-1、BNP、NGAL水平的变化。结果:治疗组经2周治疗后总有效率为86.00%(43/50),与对照组[64.00%(32/50)]相比显著上升(P0.05)。治疗组治疗2周后左室射血分数(LVEF)值较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),而左室舒张/收缩末期容积(LVEDV/LVESV)均显著降低(P0.05);与治疗前对比,对照组治疗后LVEF值亦显著增加(P0.05),LVESV值显著下降(P0.05);且治疗组治疗后上述心功能指标改善效果均显著优于对照组同期(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗2周后6MWT值均明显增加(P0.05),明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表(LHFQ)评分及血清MCP-1、BNP、NGAL水平均明显降低(P0.05);且治疗组治疗后以上指标改善效果较对照组同期更显著(P0.05)。结论:托拉塞米联合川芎嗪注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效明显优于单用川芎嗪注射液治疗,其可有效改善患者心功能,提高生活质量,可能与其显著降低患者血清MCP-1、BNP、NGAL水平有关。     

Metformin improves cardiac function in a nondiabetic rat model of post-MI heart failure

Metformin is the first choice drug for the treatment of patients with diabetes, but its use is debated in patients with advanced cardiorenal disease. Epidemiological data suggest that metformin may reduce cardiac events, in patients both with and without heart failure. Experimental evidence suggests that metformin reduces cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is unknown whether metformin improves cardiac function (remodeling) in a long-term post-MI remodeling model. We therefore studied male, nondiabetic, Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to either myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation. Animals were randomly allocated to treatment with normal water or metformin-containing water (250 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)). At baseline, 6 wk, and 12 wk, metabolic parameters were analyzed and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed. Echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters were assessed 12 wk after MI. In the MI model, infarct size was significantly smaller after 12-wk metformin treatment (29.6 ± 3.2 vs. 38.0 ± 2.2%, P < 0.05). Moreover, metformin resulted in less left ventricular dilatation (6.0 ± 0.4 vs. 7.6 ± 0.6 mm, P < 0.05) and preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction (65.8 ± 3.7% vs. 48.6 ± 5.6%, P < 0.05) compared with MI control. The improved cardiac function was associated with decreased atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels in the metformin-treated group (50% reduction compared with MI, P < 0.05). Insulin resistance did not occur during cardiac remodeling (as indicated by normal OGTT) and fasting glucose levels and the pattern of the OGTT were not affected by metformin. Molecular analyses suggested that altered AMP kinase phosphorylation status and low insulin levels mediate the salutary effects of metformin. Altogether our results indicate that metformin may have potential to attenuate heart failure development after myocardial infarction, in the absence of diabetes and independent of systemic glucose levels.     

TNF-alpha and myocardial matrix metalloproteinases in heart failure: relationship to LV remodeling

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been causally linked to left ventricular (LV) remodeling, but the molecular basis for this effect is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in cardiac remodeling and can be regulated by TNF-alpha. This study tested the central hypothesis that administration of a TNF-alpha blocking protein would prevent the induction of MMPs and alter the course of myocardial remodeling in developing LV failure. Adult dogs were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) chronic pacing (250 beats/min, 28 days, n = 12), 2) chronic pacing with concomitant administration of a TNF-alpha blocking protein (TNF block) using a soluble p75 TNF receptor fusion protein (TNFR:Fc; administered at 0.5 mg/kg twice a week subcutaneously, n = 7), and 3) normal controls (n = 10). LV end-diastolic volume increased from control with chronic pacing (83 +/- 12 vs. 118 +/- 10 ml, P < 0.05) and was reduced with TNF block (97 +/- 9 ml, P < 0.05). MMP zymographic levels (92 kDa, pixels) increased from control with chronic pacing (36,848 +/- 9,593 vs. 87,247 +/- 12,912, P < 0.05) and was normalized by TNF block. Myocardial MMP-9 and MMP-13 levels by immunoblot increased with chronic pacing relative to controls (130 +/- 10% and 118 +/- 6%, P < 0.05) and was normalized by TNF block. These results provide evidence to suggest that TNF-alpha contributes to the myocardial remodeling process in evolving heart failure through the local induction of specific MMPs.     

Resistance Training Improves Hemodynamic Function,Collagen Deposition and Inflammatory Profiles: Experimental Model of Heart Failure

The role of resistance training on collagen deposition, the inflammatory profile and muscle weakness in heart failure remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of a resistance training program on hemodynamic function, maximum strength gain, collagen deposition and inflammatory profile in chronic heart failure rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats submitted to myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation or sham surgery were assigned into four groups: sedentary sham (S-Sham, n = 8); trained sham (T-Sham, n = 8); sedentary chronic heart failure (S-CHF, n = 8) and trained chronic heart failure (T-CHF, n = 8). The maximum strength capacity was evaluated by the one maximum repetition test. Trained groups were submitted to an 8-week resistance training program (4 days/week, 4 sets of 10–12 repetitions/session, at 65% to 75% of one maximum repetition). After 8 weeks of the resistance training program, the T-CHF group showed lower left ventricular end diastolic pressure (P<0.001), higher left ventricular systolic pressure (P<0.05), higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.05), an improvement in the maximal positive derivative of ventricular pressure (P<0.05) and maximal negative derivative of ventricular pressure (P<0.05) when compared to the S-CHF group; no differences were observed when compared to Sham groups. In addition, resistance training was able to reduce myocardial hypertrophy (P<0.05), left ventricular total collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.05), and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (P<0.05), as well as increasing IL-10 (P<0.05) in chronic heart failure rats when compared to the S-CHF group. Eight weeks of resistance training promotes an improvement of cardiac function, strength gain, collagen deposition and inflammatory profile in chronic heart failure rats.     

疏血通联合依那普利对老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与心功能的影响

目的:探讨疏血通联合依那普利老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、血液流变学与的影响。方法:选择2015年5月到2017年5月我院接诊的老年慢性心力衰竭患者84例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42),对照组使用依那普利治疗,观察组采用疏血通联合依那普利治疗。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效及治疗前后血液流变学、血清N末端钠尿肽前体、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、收缩末期内径(LVESD)水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率显著高于对照组(95.24%vs. 73.81%,P0.05),观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、血沉、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平、LVEDd、LVESD明显低于对照组低(P0.05),而LVEF显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率分别为4.76%(2/42)、16.67%(7/42),组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:疏血通联合依那普利治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床效果显著优于单用依那普利治疗,可能与其显著降低患者的血清N末端钠尿肽前体水平,改善患者的心功能和血液流变学的各项指标有关     

拉西地平对内质网应激导致左室重塑的保护作用

目的:研究在高温高湿应激状态下拉西地平对葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose-regulated protein78,GRP78)和C/EBP环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合转录因子同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)在大鼠心肌中表达及对心室重塑的影响。方法:将30只雄性Sprague-Dawly(SD)大鼠随机分为对照组、高温高湿组、拉西地平干预组,每组10只。喂养6周后颈动脉插管测定平均动脉压及心率。B超检测左室形态结构。免疫组化法检测大鼠心肌GRP78及CHOP蛋白及表达水平。结果:高温高湿组的大鼠平均动脉压(MBP)、隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LPWT)、左室重量指数(LVWI),GRP78及CHOP蛋白表达水平与对照组相比均有显著升高(p<0.01),拉西地平干预组能显著降低大鼠平均动脉压(MBP)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室重量指数(LVWI),GRP78及CHOP蛋白的表达水平(p<0.05)。结论:内质网应激可能参与了高温高湿诱导的左室重构;拉西地平可能通过降低GRP78及CHOP的表达干预了ERS介导的心肌肥厚通路,从而改善心脏功能。     

Heart rate reduction with ivabradine prevents the global phenotype of left ventricular remodeling

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic heart rate (HR) reduction with the hyperpolarization-activated current inhibitor ivabradine on the global phenotype of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a ligated rat model. Seven days after coronary artery ligation, Wistar rats received ivabradine (10 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1) administered in drinking water) [myocardial infarction + ivabradine (MI+IVA), n = 22] or vehicle only (drinking water) (MI, n = 20) for 90 days. A sham group (n = 20) was included for model validation. MI+IVA rats had 12% lower HR (P < 0.01), improved LV volumes, 15% higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF, P < 0.01) than MI rats, and 33% reductions in both plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP, P = 0.052) and cardiac hydroxyproline. Using patch-clamp, action potential duration was reduced and transient outward current density increased (P < 0.05). Cardiac energy metabolism was also improved (+33% creatine phosphate, P < 0.001; +15% ATP; and +9% energy charge, P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between HR and parameters of cardiac metabolism, ANP, and LVEF (all P < 0.05). The HR-reducing properties of ivabradine prevent changes in the global phenotype of LV remodeling in the rat, optimize energy consumption, and avoid electrophysiological and structural remodeling.     

Ghrelin对心肌梗死后心肌重塑及心脏功能的影响及其机制研究

目的:观察ghrelin对心肌梗死(MI)大鼠心肌重塑和心脏功能的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:应用冠状动脉结扎术创建大鼠MI模型,并设立假手术组作为对照;造模成功后每天2次注射ghrelin(100μg/kg),持续4周,以此作为MI-ghrelin组,并以每天注射生理盐水的MI大鼠作为MI-生理盐水组。检测和比较各组大鼠左心室重塑和血流动力学的改变情况;非梗死心肌中白介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白的表达;梗死边界心肌细胞的凋亡情况。结果:Ghrelin可使心肌梗死后的MI大鼠降低的缩短分数(FS)、左室内压最大变化率均显著下降(dP/dtmax)、疤痕厚度明显升高,增加左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、梗死边界心肌细胞的凋亡指数显著降低。此外,ghrelin可抑制心肌梗死后的MI大鼠非梗死心肌中白介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白的表达。结论:Ghrelin可缓解MI后大鼠LV功能紊乱及心室重塑,这可能与其抑制炎症反应及基质金属蛋白酶的表达有关。     

急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB与心功能和预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、肌红蛋白（MYO）、心肌肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）与心功能和预后的关系。方法：选择2018年2月至2019年2月于我院接诊的95例急性心力衰竭患者为研究对象（病例组）,另选择同期在我院进行检查的80例健康人为对照组,分析两组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEd）水平变化情况及和预后相关性。结果：病例组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;病例组患者LAD、LVEd水平显著高于对照组,LVEF水平显著低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;II级患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于III级、IV级患者,III级患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于IV级患者,差异显著（P＜0.05）;预后良好组患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB水平显著低于预后不良组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析显示,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB和LVEF之间均呈负相关,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB和LAD、LVEd之间均呈正相关,（P＜0.05）;Logistic 回归分析结果显示,血清miRNA-21、MYO及CK-MB及LVEF、LAD、LVEd为急性心力衰竭患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：急性心力衰竭患者血清miRNA-21、MYO、CK-MB的表达升高,其与心功能和预后密切相关。     

左西孟旦和米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效比较及对血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平的影响

目的:观察和比较左西孟旦(LEV)与米力农(MIL)治疗难治性心力衰竭(RHF)的临床效果及对患者血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)、内皮素(ET)-1水平的影响。方法:选取我院2015年1月~2017年4月收治的102例RHF患者,采取随机数字表法均分为两组。MIL组给予MIL治疗,LEV组予以LEV治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后超声心动图指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期/舒张晚期峰值流速(E/A)、左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)]、血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗7 d后,LEV组总有效率较MIL组明显升高(P0.05)。与治疗前对比,两组治疗7 d后LVEF、E/A值均显著上升(P0.01),LVIDd值均显著下降(P0.01),且LEV组LVEF、E/A值均显著高于MIL组,LVIDd值均显著低于MIL组(P0.01)。两组治疗7 d后血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平较治疗前均显著降低(P0.01),且LEV组血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平均明显低于MIL组(P0.01)。LEV组不良反应的发生率较MIL组明显降低(P0.05)。结论:与米力农相比,左西孟旦治疗难治性心力衰竭能更有效缓解或消除患者症状体征、抑制心室重构、改善心功能,且安全性更高,可能与其显著降低血清NT-proBNP、ET-1水平有关。     

芪苈强心胶囊联合左卡尼汀注射液对慢性心力衰竭的疗效探讨

摘要 目的：研究芪苈强心胶囊联合左卡尼汀注射液对慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法：选择2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的85例慢性心力衰竭患者,随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注左卡尼汀注射液,观察组联合口服芪苈强心胶囊。检测两组治疗前后的心功能、心室重构、血浆脑钠素 N 端前体肽(N-terminal pro peptide of brain natriuretic peptide,NT-pro BNP)、高敏 C 反应蛋白(High sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平。结果：观察组治疗的总有效率为88.09 %（37/42）,明显高于对照组的67.44%（29/43）(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的左心室舒张末期内径（End diastolic diameter of left ventricle,LVEDd）、心率（heart rate,HR）、左心室收缩末内径（Left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESd）、左室射血分数（Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、心排血量（Cardiac output,CO）和E峰/A峰的比值（E peak /A peak,E/A）均无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组的LVEDd、HR和LVESd均明显降低(P<0.05),LVEF、CO和E/A均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组上述指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的血浆NT- pro BNP、hs- CRP水平比较无差异（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组的血浆NT- pro BNP、hs- CRP水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组发生胃肠道反应3例,头痛3例,不良反应的发生率为13.95 %;观察组发生胃肠道反应4例,头痛3例,不良反应的发生率为16.67 %。两组不良发应的发生情况无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：芪苈强心胶囊联合左卡尼汀注射液能改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心室重构及心功能,降低炎症标志物和神经内分泌激素水平,值得进行推广。