美洲帘蛤保活前后的氨基酸变化

通过美洲帘蛤在-10℃～10℃无水保活特性确定其冻结点和冻结曲线,并研究了30天保活前后的氨基酸变化,结果表明:美洲帘蛤的冻结点在-2.6℃。美洲帘蛤氨基酸含量最高的前4位是甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸,甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸是美洲帘蛤氨基酸的主要部分,构成了美洲帘蛤鲜甜的主要味道;保活前后美洲帘蛤蛋白中支链氨基酸和芳香氨基酸含量的比值2.54～3.26,所以美洲帘蛤是一种具有保肝护肾、促进生长发育的蛋白质。     

Amino Acid Changes of Mercenaria mercenaria during Keeping Alive

通过美洲帘蛤在-10℃～10℃无水保活特性确定其冻结点和冻结曲线,并研究了30天保活前后的氨基酸变化,结果表明:美洲帘蛤的冻结点在-2.6℃.美洲帘蛤氨基酸含量最高的前4位是甘氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸,甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸是美洲帘蛤氨基酸的主要部分,构成了美洲帘蛤鲜甜的主要味道;保活前后美洲帘蛤蛋白中支链氨基酸和芳香氨基酸含量的比值2.54～3.26,所以美洲帘蛤是一种具有保肝护肾、促进生长发育的蛋白质.     

Control of Surface Wound Infection: Skin Versus Synthetic Grafts

Auto-, iso-, or xenografts of skin and synthetics placed on surface wounds freshly contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa stabilizes the wound bacterial population in rats over a 24-h period. When these wounds contained a bacterial contamination established for 24 h prior to grafting, only skin and the synthetic polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate were effective in lowering the initial bacterial concentration. Polyurethane foam and nylon velour were not effective in the established infection model. Skin placed on a contaminated wound for 2 h or longer appeared to equilibrate with the underlying muscle so that the bacterial count per milligram of skin was similar to that of the muscle. It was suggested that this preparation would be useful to obtain an estimate of surface contamination without biopsy of the infected muscle. Skin grafts in place for 2 h significantly lowered the bacterial count in a wound with an established infection. A second decrease occurred between 4 and 24 h after grafting. Histological studies of contaminated and exposed panniculus muscle showed that leukocytes tend to migrate from the muscle surface to its base. Skin grafts and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate appear to reverse the white cell migration so that the cells move toward the surface of the muscle with preservation of normal staining characteristics in the muscle. It is suggested that this alteration in cell movement after graft application might modify the white cell function and result in a greater bactericidal activity. Apparently, grafts lower bacterial levels in an established infection by modifying the host response to the surface contamination.     

Mathematical Modelling of Aerosolised Skin Grafts Incorporating Keratinocyte Clonal Subtypes

Severe burns can be very traumatic for the patient, and while burns caused by industrial or domestic accidents are common, there are also increasing numbers of burns associated with terrorism. A novel technique to assist in the healing process is to spray skin cells, keratinocytes, that are cultured from the patient’s own tissue, directly onto the burn site. This process involves taking some undamaged skin from the patient, allowing the skin cells to proliferate rapidly in the laboratory over a period of 5–10 days, harvesting and separating the cells and then spraying them onto the burn. This paper deals with keratinocytes that have been cultured in vitro for a short period of time (early passage cultured cells). The spraying process has yet to be optimised with respect to the seeding density required for fastest re-epithelisation and thus there is a need for this process to be modelled. In this paper, we review some of the skin biology and develop a mathematical model of the growth patterns of cell colonies after they have been applied using a aerosolised technique. The model allows us to predict coverage over time and can be used as a decision support tool for clinicians. PACS: 92B05     

Analysis of Travelling Waves Associated with the Modelling of Aerosolised Skin Grafts

A previous model developed by the authors investigates the growth patterns of keratinocyte cell colonies after they have been applied to a burn site using a spray technique. In this paper, we investigate a simplified one-dimensional version of the model. This model yields travelling wave solutions and we analyse the behaviour of the travelling waves. Approximations for the rate of healing and maximum values for both the active healing and the healed cell densities are obtained. PACS 92B05     

超短波促进烧伤肉芽创面植皮片愈合的临床观察

目的:观察超短波对烧伤肉芽创面受皮区皮片成活的影响。方法:32例自身对照邮票皮移植及40例整张刃厚皮移植术后根据是否给予超短波治疗分别分为两组,治疗组术后接受无热量超短波治疗,对照组术后未接受超短波治疗,观察创面完全愈合时间和愈合创面水泡出现情况进行疗效判定。结果:根据两组患者创面愈合时间进行比较,治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.01);而在创面水泡出现程度比较中,实验组水泡发生率和严重程度均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:超短波治疗能明显促进烧伤肉芽创面植皮片的成活,加速烧伤创面的愈合。     

Alive inside

This article provides an ethical analysis of the U.S. practice guideline update on disorders of consciousness. Our analysis focuses on the guideline’s recommendations regarding the use of investigational neuroimaging methods to assess brain-injured patients. Complex and multifaceted ethical issues have emerged because these methods alter the clinical understanding of consciousness. We address issues of false hope, patient suffering, and cost. We argue that, in spite of these concerns, there is significant benefit to using neuroimaging to assess brain-injured patients in most cases.     

Topical Enzyme-Replacement Therapy Restores Transglutaminase 1 Activity and Corrects Architecture of Transglutaminase-1-Deficient Skin Grafts

Transglutaminase-1 (TG1)-deficient autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a rare and severe genetic skin disease caused by mutations in TGM1. It is characterized by collodion babies at birth, dramatically increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and lifelong pronounced scaling. The disease has a tremendous burden, including the problem of stigmatization. Currently, no therapy targeting the molecular cause is available, and the therapeutic situation is deplorable. In this study, we developed the basis for a causative therapy aiming at the delivery of the enzyme to the inner site of the keratinocytes’ plasma membrane. We prepared sterically stabilized liposomes with encapsulated recombinant human TG1 (rhTG1) and equipped with a highly cationic lipopeptide vector to mediate cellular uptake. The liposomes overcame the problems of insufficient cutaneous delivery and membrane penetration and provided excellent availability and activity of rhTG1 in primary keratinocytes. To demonstrate the general feasibility of this therapeutic approach in a humanized context, we used a skin-humanized mouse model. Treatment with rhTG1 liposomes resulted in considerable improvement of the ichthyosis phenotype and in normalization of the regenerated ARCI skin: in situ monitoring showed a restoration of TG1 activity, and cholesterol clefts vanished ultrastructurally. Measurement of TEWL revealed a restoration of epidermal barrier function. We regard this aspect as a major advance over available nonspecific approaches making use of, for example, retinoid creams. We conclude that this topical approach is a promising strategy for restoring epidermal integrity and barrier function and provides a causal cure for individuals with TG1 deficiency.     

深度烧伤创面异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植 的临床观察

目的:探讨深度创面修复的有效方法。方法:30例患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用异体脱细胞真皮基质和自体刃厚皮片移植,对照组单纯采用自体刃厚皮片移植。最后采用温哥华瘢痕量表对患者术后1个月、6个月、12个月进行评分。结果:术后1个月,两组间温哥华评分无统计学差异。术后6个月、12个月,治疗组的温哥华评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质和自体刃厚皮移植是深度烧伤创面修复的一种有效方法。