一种利用荧光标记检测氨肽酶N抑制剂与肿瘤细胞结合的方法

目的：建立利用荧光标记法检测氨肽酶抑制剂和肿瘤细胞结合的方法。方法：以异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记氨肽酶N抑制剂LYRM03和Bestatin,制备荧光探针F1TC—LYRM03、FITC—Bestatin,应用荧光显微成像观察和流式细胞仪检测标记化合物FITC—LYRM03、FITC-Bestatin对肿瘤细胞的结合与氨肽酶N抑制活性的相关性。结果：化合物LYRM03和Bestatin具有肿瘤细胞的氨肽酶N抑制活性,荧光标记化合物FITC—LYRM03、FITC-Bestatin能与肿瘤细胞有不同程度的结合。结论：标记化合物FITC—LYRM03、FITC—Bestatin和肿瘤细胞的结合与对肿瘤细胞的氨肽酶N抑制活性相一致。     

甲硫氨酰氨肽酶

甲硫氨酰氨肽酶在蛋白质加工过程中负责切除新生肽链N端的起始甲硫氨酸,是正常生理功能所必需的。烟曲霉素类血管生成抑制在体内的分子靶点是甲硫氨酰氨肽酶－2,根据甲硫氨酰氨肽酶的结构以及催化和抑制机制,可以设计和合成新型的血管生成抑制剂;以甲硫氨酰氨肽酶为分子靶点,通过最新发展的活性检测方法建立高通量药物筛选模型,可以寻找甲硫氨酰氨肽酶的小分子抑制剂用于抗肿瘤新药的开发。     

血管紧张素1-7改构体对A549细胞生长的抑制作用

目的:以D型氨基酸替代的方式和C端及N端改构的方式构建2种能够抵抗蛋白酶降解的血管紧张素Ang1-7异构体小肽血管紧张素改构体1和2,对其抗肿瘤细胞系A549活性进行初步研究,以期为长效型Ang1-7改构类抗肿瘤药的应用提供理论依据。方法:HPLC法检测2种改构体抗酶降解的能力;用带荧光标记的Ang1-7对A549细胞进行药物亲和实验,并用无标记的药物拮抗这种配体亲和;用MTT法检测Ang1-7及2种改构体对A549细胞增殖的影响。结果:2种改构体均能抗血管紧张素转化酶、中性内肽酶、亮氨酸内肽酶的降解;带荧光标记的Ang1-7能够和A549细胞结合,且这种结合可以被无标记的2种改构体竞争性拮抗;Ang1-7和2种改构体能抑制A549细胞增殖。结论:构建了能够抵抗酶降解,在体外能结合于A549细胞表面并抑制A549细胞增殖的2种Ang1-7改构体小肽,为该小肽进一步的体内抗癌研究及应用奠定了基础。     

新型氮杂多肽酰肼类衍生物的设计、合成和抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:新型氮杂多肽酰肼类衍生物的设计和合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究。方法:以脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐为原料,通过与苄氧羰基丙氨酸反应,在肼中肼解,得到所需中间体,进而与富马酸单酯反应得到目标化合物;和溴乙酸叔丁酯反应,三氟乙酸中脱去叔丁氧基,再与取代胺或氨水反应得到目标化合物。用MTT法测试合成的氮杂多肽酰肼类衍生物对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。结果:合成了10个氮杂多肽酰肼类衍生物,其中有6个化合物对肿瘤细胞表现出抑制活性。结论:初步建立了氮杂多肽酰肼类衍生物的合成方法及其对肿瘤细胞抑制活性的构效关系。     

新型噻唑并三嗪类化合物R001抑制ERK1/2磷酸化的抗肿瘤作用

目的:探讨噻唑并三嗪类化合物R001对ERK1/2磷酸化的影响及其抗肿瘤活性.方法:采用基于U2OS-EGFP细胞的荧光分析法和MTT法检测化合物R001对U2OS-EGFP-4F12G和U2OS、T47D、SKOV3、MCF7等其他肿瘤细胞增殖的影响;采用电子显微镜观察化合物R001对MCF7、T47D、U2OS-EGFP-4F12G和SKOV3等多种肿瘤细胞株增殖的抑制作用;采用流式细胞术检测化合物R001对MCF7、U2OS-EGFP-4F12G和SKOV3等多种肿瘤细胞周期的影响;采用免疫印迹法检测检测化合物R001对ERK1/2磷酸化的影响.结果:基于U2OS-EGFP细胞的荧光分析法显示,化合物R001抑制U2OS-EGFP-4F12G细胞增殖的IC50值为11.58 μM;MTT法显示,化合物R001对U2OS、T47D、SKOV3、MCF7等多种肿瘤细胞增殖的影响具有剂量依赖性;电子显微镜观察显示,化合物R001可以引起MCF7、SKOV3和U2OS-EGFP-4F12G三种肿瘤细胞的数量和形态变化;流式细胞术显示,化合物R001可将MCF7、U2OS-EGF-4F12G和SKOV3等肿瘤细胞阻断在S期;免疫印迹试验显示,化合物R001可以有效抑制SKOV3和U2OS细胞中ERK1/2的磷酸化.结论:噻唑并三嗪类化合物R001通过抑制ERK1/2磷酸化而发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

硫辛酸-香豆素偶联物合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

硫辛酸为一内源性二硫化物,通过线粒体途径抑制多种肿瘤细胞的增殖,而对正常细胞影响甚微;香豆素为一具有荧光的天然产物,广泛应用于生物成像。本实验设计合成了一个新颖的硫辛酸-香豆素偶联物,该偶联物具有多功能。香豆素作为荧光报告器,硫辛酸作为活性药物。当该偶联物进入肿瘤细胞,由于肿瘤细胞中的水解酶把偶联物中的酯键水解,释放出硫辛酸和荧光分子香豆素而发出荧光。采用噻唑兰(MTT)法评价其对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性,活性氧检测试剂盒(DCFH-DA)检测其对活性氧的清除作用,流式细胞术检测其诱导的细胞凋亡及荧光显微检测细胞内成像。实验结果发现该偶联物的细胞毒性相比于母体化合物硫辛酸提高了一个数量级,进一步研究发现该偶联物可清除肿瘤细胞增殖与生长所需的活性氧,同时该偶联物诱导的凋亡显著高于其他组药物。荧光显微镜监测该偶联物在给药6 h后发出的荧光最强,说明该偶联物具有示踪药物水解释放的功能。     

缺失氨肽酶N的变铅青链霉菌的构建和鉴定*

用PCR方法扩增变铅青链霉菌 (Streptomyceslividans)TK2 4氨肽酶N基因 ,体外插入卡那霉素抗性基因进行失活 ,然后利用不含链霉菌复制起点的重组质粒 pPEPN KAN进行同源重组 ,获得了氨肽酶N缺失的菌株PEPN- 。突变株的胞外氨肽酶N活性与原株基本相同 ,而胞内氨肽酶N的活性明显低于原株 ,为原株的 42.5± 5.7%。     

不同致病型的三株IBV与chAPN体外结合能力的比较

目的:比较不同致病型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)IBV与鸡氨肽酶N体外结合能力的差异。方法:将已构建的p ET-32a-ch APN转入大肠杆菌BL21中进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达结果。表达的His-ch APN纯化后进行western-blotting验证,应用酶促反应检测其活性。以不同稀释度的纯化ch APN包被ELISA板,加入经过荧光定量PCR方法定量的含有相同数量病毒粒子的三株不同致病型IBV(呼吸型M41、肾型S-03和腺胃型A2-2),测定三株与ch APN的结合能力。结果:p ET-32a-ch APN在受体菌内成功表达,主要以包涵体的形式存在。经纯化复性的重组His-ch APN,Western blotting分析显示其具有良好的抗原性,酶促反应显示该重组重组His-ch APN与天然的具有良好的生物活性。ELISA结果显示ch APN与三株IBV均能结合,其结合能力为A2-2S-03M41,并表现为剂量依赖性。结论:不同致病型IBV与ch APN的体外结合力有一定差异。     

三白草中ATG4B抑制剂的发现及活性测定

验证从三白草中提取的两个化合物XGN56和XGN59对自噬关键蛋白ATG4B酶活性的影响及对自噬的调节作用。分子对接的方法验证化合物与游离ATG4B及ATG4B-LC3复合体的氢键结合作用;SDS-PAGE法及荧光共振能量转移法(FRET)测定化合物(10μmol/L)抑制ATG4B的IC50值;LC3融合GFP荧光标签检测化合物(10μmol/L)对LC3荧光聚集的影响,并设置正常组、给药组和药物联用Baf(0.5μmol/L)组;过表达GFP-LC3的WT-MEF及ATG5-/--MEF细胞检测化合物诱导LC3荧光点的情况。结果显示,XGN56和XGN59能分别与游离ATG4B和ATG4B-LC3复合体形成氢键作用,且两者均能剂量依赖地抑制ATG4B的酶切活性,体外IC50分别为7.74μmol/L和8.00μmol/L,同时能够ATG5依赖地促进GFP标记的自噬体的生成(P<0.001)。结果表明,两个化合物可能是通过一定程度地抑制ATG4B的酶活性从而促进细胞自噬水平。     

缺失氨肽酶N的变铅青链霉菌的构建和鉴定

用PCR方法扩增变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans)TK24氨肽酶N基因,体外插入卡那霉素抗性基因进行失活,然后利用不含链霉菌复制起点的重组质粒pPEPN-KAN进行同源重组,获得了氨肽酶N缺失的菌株PEPN-.突变株的胞外氨肽酶N活性与原株基本相同,而胞内氨肽酶N的活性明显低于原株,为原株的42.5±5.7%.     

Chemically synthesized LYRM03 could inhibit the metastasis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo

Aminopeptidase N (APN) belongs to the aminopeptidase family, which is widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. APN is thought to be a very important target for cancer therapy as it is linked to cancer progression and metastasis. However, bestatin (Ubenimex) is the only approved drug that targets various aminopeptidases for the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia and lymphedema. A compound 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoylvalylisoleucine (also known as LYRM03), isolated from a Streptomyces strain HCCB10043, exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than bestatin. In this work, we applied a chemical synthesis strategy to generate LYRM03 to overcome the low yields typically achieved from fermentation. Finally, we explored a suite of experiments to determine the bioactivity of LYRM03 and revealed that the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells was significantly restrained with LYRM03 treatment or injection both in vitro and in vivo. Because of its anti-metastasis capacity, further structure modifications of LYRM03 will be of interest for its use alone or in combination as a therapy in cancer.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amino acid ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitors

A series of amino acid ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for their APN inhibitory activities and anti-cancer effects. The results showed that most of these amino acid ureido derivatives exhibited good inhibition against APN, several of which were better than Bestatin. The most active compound 12j (IC(50) = 1.1 μM, compared with Bestatin IC(50) = 8.1 μM) not only possessed much better APN inhibitory activity and anti-proliferation effect on cancer cells, but also exhibited significant block effect of human cancer cell invasion compared with the positive control, Bestatin. These amino acid ureido derivatives could be possibly developed as new APN inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy in the future.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel L-lysine ureido derivatives as aminopeptidase N inhibitors

As the exopeptidase over-expressed in the cell surface of endothelial cells, aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Based on the previous work of L-lysine amide derivatives in our laboratory, we designed and synthesized two series of L-lysine ureido derivatives as APN inhibitors. Within these compounds, one compound, 5d (IC?? = 4.51 μM), showed similar inhibitory effect compared with Bestatin (IC?? = 5.87 μM).     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitors

A series of novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized and assayed for their activities against aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) and MMP-2. The results showed that most compounds exhibited higher inhibitory activities against APN than that of MMP-2. Within this series, compound 12h (IC(50)=6.28 ± 0.11 μM) showed similar inhibitory activities compared with Bestatin (IC(50)=5.55 ± 0.01 μM), and it could be used as novel lead compound for the future APN inhibitors development as anticancer agents.     

A novel aminopeptidase N inhibitor developed by virtual screening approach

A virtual screening was performed to discover novel lead structures as potent aminopeptidase N(APN) inhibitors. A commercial database containing about 1,60,000 molecules in SPECS was filtered by rule of five, zinc binding groups, pharmacophore models and binding pattern analysis. At last, 24 molecules were selected for enzyme inhibition assay and compound 2 exhibited the inhibition constant (K(i)) of 2.79±0.32μM against APN compared with Bestatin (K(i)= 3.37±0.24μM). Our results indicated that compound 2 exhibited good antiproliferative activities against a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines, and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and eventual apoptosis. Moreover, compound 2 can inhibit the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, our results suggest that compound 2, a potent APN inhibitor, is worthy of further development.     

Novel 3-galloylamido-N'-substituted-2,6-piperidinedione-N-acetamide peptidomimetics as metalloproteinase inhibitors

Both of aminopeptidase N (APN) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are essential metallopeptidases in the development of tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Novel potent peptidomimetic inhibitors, containing 3-galloylamido-N'-substituted-2,6-piperidinedione-N-acetamide, have been designed and synthesized according to the conformational constraint strategy. The preliminary biological test showed that most of the compounds displayed high inhibitory activity against MMP-2 and low activity against APN except compounds 6 (IC(50)=3.1microM) and 4l (IC(50)=5.2microM) which exhibit similar potency to Bestatin (IC(50)=2.4microM).     

Novel potent 2,5-pyrrolidinedione peptidomimetics as aminopeptidase N inhibitors. Design, synthesis and activity evaluation

A series of novel aminopeptidase N inhibitors with 2,5-pyrrolidinedione scaffold were chemically synthesized. Their preliminary biological activities in enzyme kinetics and cell assay in vitro and anti-metastasis profile in vivo were also evaluated. The results indicated that all the compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity against aminopeptidase N. Compound 8f inhibited aminopeptidase N activity with IC(50) value of 1.0μM and displayed better activity profile in vivo than that of bestatin.     

Growth inhibitory effect of bestatin on choriocarcinoma cell finesin vitro

Bestatin, one of the biological response modifiers (BRMs), is an inhibitor of aminopeptidase B (AP-B), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and aminopeptidase M (AP-M). In this report, we investigated the direct effect of bestatin on the growth of cancer cells in vitro using established four choriocarcinoma cell lines. In vitro chemosensitivity was evaluated by the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. Bestatin showed the growth-inhibitory effect on all the choriocarcinoma cell lines dose-dependently, especially on NaUCC-4 cells. Both an isomer of bestatin with no inhibitory activity against aminopeptidases, (2R, 3S)-AHPA-(R)-Leu, and another isomer with stronger inhibitory activity against AP-B than bestatin, (2S, 3S)-AHPA-(R)-Leu, did not show growth inhibition on NaUCC-4 cells. So it is suggested that one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the direct action of bestatin on the choriocarcinoma cells may be related to the inhibition of activity of LAP or AP-M rather than that of AP-B. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of actinomycin D on the choriocarcinoma cells was significantly enhanced by combination with bestatin. These results suggest that bestatin has not only an indirect host-mediated anti-tumor activity, but also a direct growth-inhibitory effect on some kinds of cancer cell lines.     

Inhibitors of a Rat Brain Enkephalin Aminopeptidase

Abstract: Eight protease inhibitors of microbiological origin were examined as potential inhibitors of a homogeneous rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase. Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]- l -leucine and analogs of bestatin having basic, acidic, and other neutral amino acids substituted for the Leu residue exhibited inhibition constants ranging from 3.3 ± 10⁻⁵ to 8.3 ± 10⁻⁸ m . The best inhibitor had a positively charged amino acid (Lys) substituted for Leu. A series of phenylalanyl dipeptides were examined as substrates with the aminopeptidase. The amino acid residue on the carboxyl side of the peptide bond undergoing cleavage was varied systematically in the dipeptides to include neutral, acidic, and basic residues. Again, a positively charged amino acid (Arg) adjacent to the bond undergoing scission was kinetically preferred. These results may be used to design highly specific inhibitors of the enkephalin aminopeptidase.