定量毛细管电泳法测定虫草类保健品中的核苷及碱基类物质

目的：定量毛细管电泳法因采用了定量阀进样的方式,其进样量为固定值,定量结果更加可靠,且重复性好。本文探讨了采用定量毛细管电泳方法测定市售虫草类保健品中虫草素、腺嘌呤、尿嘧啶、腺苷、尿苷含量的可行性,优化了分析条件,并对其进行含量测定。方法：以浓度为40mM、pH9．5的硼砂为缓冲液,工作电压为-15kV,采用定量毛细管电泳的方测定了虫草类制品中的核苷及碱基类物质的含量。结果：五种核苷及碱基类物质在优化的定量毛细管电泳条件下得到了良好的分离和定量结果．峰面积RSD值小于1．4％,测定了其在虫草菌丝体粉末及虫草王胶囊中的含量。结论：首次利用定量毛细管电泳法对虫草类保健品中的虫草素、腺嘌呤、尿嘧啶、腺苷、尿苷的含量进行了定量测定,不同形式虫草类保健品中核苷、碱基的种类和含量有差异。该方法快速、准确,对虫草类保健品的质量控制有重要意义。     

毛细管电泳在基因研究中的应用

讨论用于基因研究的各种方法,并指出毛细管电泳技术的优点。评述毛细管电泳(CE)用于基因分析的原理,详细介绍毛细管电泳在基因研究中的应用新进展。展望CE及其在基因研究的应用前景。     

红细胞的毛细管区带电泳

系统研究了毛细管区带电泳对红细胞测定的操作条件和方法特点。对人、鸡、兔和猪的红血球进行了分析,结果与经典方法无异。在半小时内可一次测定10⁵个细胞,简便、精确。保留值的变异系数小于2％。实验中发现了间歇时间现象并予解释。     

虫草属真菌中虫草素的超声波提取及其毛细管电泳测定

比较了虫草素的四种提取方法,确定了超声波作用的时间、提取溶剂和样品预处理方式。利用高效毛细管电泳分离、测定了虫草属真菌草素的含量,首次报道了九州虫草中虫草的存在。     

毛细管电泳芯片及其应用

毛细管电泳芯片是近十年发展起来的一项新技术。与普通毛细管电泳相比,毛细管电泳芯片具有体积小、分离速度快、效果好、所用样品量少等优点。章介绍了毛细管电泳芯片的芯片结构及其应用等的研究进展。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定甘草中甘草酸的含量

采用高效毛细管电泳法成功地分离测定了甘草中甘草酸的含量, 在pH=5.8 的50mmol/L 磷酸缓冲液, 检测波长252nm, 分离电压25KV, 进样压力20 mm 汞柱, 温度30℃的检测条件下, 标准溶液在0.0448mg/ml~0.224mg/ml 范围内与峰面积成良好的线性关系, 回归方程为:Y=4.16×10⁶x-8.94×10⁴, 相关系数r=0.9939, 具有较高的灵敏度和准确度。该法操作简便、迅速、可靠、测试费用低。     

虫草属真菌中虫草素的超声波提取及其毛细管电泳测定

比较了虫草素的四种提取方法,确定了超声波作用的时间、提取溶剂和样品预处理方式。利用高效毛细管电泳分离、测定了虫草属真菌虫草素的含量,首次报道了九州虫草中虫草素的存在。     

平板通道毛细管电泳

平板通道毛细管电泳又称微芯片毛细管电泳,是一门新兴的分析技术,具有小型化、自动化、快速、高效等优点。本文简要介绍了平板制作、进样、电泳分离、检测及其在生物方面的应用等。     

高效毛细管电泳在DNA序列分析中的应用

高效毛细管电泳在ＤＮＡ序列分析中的应用种康（兰州大学化学系,兰州７３００００）ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＩＧＨ－ＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＣＡＰＩＬＬＡＲＹＥＬＥＣＴＣＴＯＲＨＯＲＥＳＩＳＯＮＤＮＡＳＥＱＵＥＮＣＩＮＧ￥ＣｈｏｎｇＫａｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔ...     

虫草制品中腺苷和虫草素含量的RP-HPLC分析

采用超声提取,反相高效液相色谱方法分析了各种虫草制品中的腺苷和虫草素的含量,以含0．05mol／L 的磷酸二氢钾：甲醇（85／15,V／V）作为流动相。检测波长为260nm。进样量为10μL,40℃条件下检测。在5mg／L到250mg／L的浓度范围内呈线性相关。研究显示利用蒸馏水在60℃超声提取20min,腺苷和虫草素的回收率在85％-95％之间。     

产气肠杆菌菌体内核苷磷酸化酶的诱导表达

目的:阿糖腺苷(Ara-A)是一种广谱抗病毒药物,临床上用于治疗多种病毒性疾病.同时也是合成阿糖腺苷单磷酸(Ara-AMP)的重要原料.本课题旨在寻找一种高效酶法生产嘌呤类阿糖核苷的方法.方法:以产气肠杆菌完整细胞为酶源,研究产气肠杆菌菌体培养条件对核苷磷酸化酶的影响及其诱导性.结果:胸苷磷酸化酶、尿苷磷酸化酶和嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶均可被多种核苷、核苷酸甚至碱基诱导.胞苷或胞苷酸的添加量为15-20mmol/L,诱导时间在0-8小时均可.经胞苷和胞苷酸诱导的菌体可使酶反应时间缩短6倍,大大提高了反应效率.经诱导的菌体,在反应后仍保持较高的核苷磷酸化酶活力;而未经诱导的菌体,一次反应后即丧失大量的酶活力.结论:核苷磷酸化酶的活性可以通过诱导而提高,以此优化阿糖腺苷的生产.     

Mobile Handset Output Power and Health

The public health situation in Sweden has become drastically worse since the Autumn of 1997. A massive roll-out of GSM main transmitter towers and roof-mounted transmitters that became allowed after mid-1997 led to a booming sale of GSM handsets all over Sweden. The authorities in Sweden have issued a brochure on ‘Radiation from Mobile Systems’ [] stating that good transmitter coverage leads to low handset output power that can vary from 2 W down to 0.001 W []. Thus, we examined health statistics data and GSM coverage in all counties in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Here, we show that there is a very strong correlation between health degradation and weak GSM coverage, while there is no such relation noticed for the time period 1981–1991 when no handset power regulation was applied. The immediate implications from this study are the needs for: 1) a deeper analysis of handset power levels and health statistics and, 2) reconsideration of the planned massive roll-out of yet another mobile system (3G).     

Determination of Guan-Fu Base A, a new anti-arrhythmic, in human plasma by gas chromatography and electron–capture detection

A gas chromatographic–electron capture detection (GC–ECD) method has been developed for determining Guan-Fu Base A (GFA), an experimental anti-arrhythmic, in human plasma. The method was based on one-step liquid–liquid extraction with toluene and chemical derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride followed by GC–ECD. The derivatives of GFA and metoprolol (Met, internal standard) were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to be dipentafluoropropionyl-GFA and dipentafluoropropionyl-Met. The method was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.1–20.0 and 1.0–30.0 μg/ml with the detection limit of 0.05 μg/ml at S/N=5. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were less than 6 and 10%, and accuracy 99.70±3.30 and 97.60±5.99%, respectively. The absolute recoveries were 81.88, 77.35, 80.79 and 83.85% for GFA at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 14.0 μg/ml and 88.24% for Met at 3.0 μg/ml, respectively.     

Preparation and Properties of a New Type of Acyclic,Achiral Nucleoside Analogue

Abstract

Preparation of the nucleoside analogues 1 and incorporation of 1, B = T, in deoxyribooligonucleotides by the phosphoramidite method is described. A two-step deprotection procedure was developed to reduce cleavage of the modified allylic unit. The binding properties of the modified oligonucleotides towards complementary DNA and RNA has been evaluated by T_m measurements showing a ΔT_m of ?2 to ?6.5°C per modification. An oligonucleotide with two modifications at the 3′-end showed considerable resistance towards cleavage by a 3′-exonuclease. No antiviral activity against HIV-1 or HSV-1 was found for 1, B = G or T, or for any of the trihydroxy derivatives 5.     

Role of Human Nucleoside Transporters in the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Azacitidine and Decitabine

The nucleoside analogs 5-azacytidine (azacitidine) and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine) are active against acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Cellular transport across membranes is crucial for uptake of these highly polar hydrophilic molecules. We assessed the ability of azacitidine, decitabine, and, for comparison, gemcitabine, to interact with human nucleoside transporters (hNTs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells (hENT1/2, hCNT1/2/3) or Xenopus laevis oocytes (hENT3/4). All three drugs inhibited hCNT1/3 potently (K _i values, 3–26 μM), hENT1/2 and hCNT2 weakly (K _i values, 0.5–3.1 mM), and hENT3/4 poorly if at all. Rates of transport of [³H]gemcitabine, [¹⁴C]azacitidine, and [³H]decitabine observed in Xenopus oocytes expressing individual recombinant hNTs differed substantially. Cytotoxicity of azacitidine and decitabine was assessed in hNT-expressing or hNT-deficient cultured human cell lines in the absence or presence of transport inhibitors where available. The rank order of cytotoxic sensitivities (IC ₅₀ values, μM) conferred by hNTs were hCNT1 (0.1) > hENT1 (0.3) ? hCNT2 (8.3), hENT2 (9.0) for azacitidine and hENT1 (0.3) > hCNT1 (0.8) ? hENT2, hCNT2 (>100) for decitabine. Protection against cytotoxicity was observed for both drugs in the presence of inhibitors of nucleoside transport, thus suggesting the importance of hNTs in manifestation of toxicity. In summary, all seven hNTs transported azacitidine, with hCNT3 showing the highest rates, whereas hENT1 and hENT2 showed modest transport and hCNT1 and hCNT3 poor transport of decitabine. Our results show for the first time that azacitidine and decitabine exhibit different human nucleoside transportability profiles and their cytotoxicities are dependent on the presence of hNTs, which could serve as potential biomarkers of clinical response.     

主观健康测量及定量化估计方法的研究进展

健康风险评估是健康管理的基础工具、前提条件和关键技术.主观健康测量是健康风险评估的重要内容,已逐渐发展成为流行病学、医学统计学、行为医学、全科医学、心理学等多种学科的交叉学科,是健康风险评估研究的热点问题.本文总结了主观健康测量的优缺点,系统回顾了主观健康测量的两类定量化估计方法:计分方法和心理测量学方法,总结了主观健康测量的偏倚及控制方法.随着人类对健康和健康维度的认识已逐步深入,主观健康测量因其诸多优点,并具有较强的理论基础,且定量化估计方法已趋于成熟,目前在国外已被广泛用于健康风险评估和健康测量领域.我国亟需将主观健康测量理念和定量化估计方法引入健康风险评估和健康测量领域.     

乙酰短杆菌中核苷磷酸化酶的性质研究

目的：以乙酰短杆菌完整细胞为酶源,研究不同条件下核苷磷酸化酶的性质。方法：将乙酰短杆菌湿茵体置于不同保藏温度及在不同种类缓冲溶液中考察其稳定性;在有或无核保护下核苷磷酸化酶对热的稳定性;并设计核苷的磷酸解反应或合成反应,测定核苷磷酸化酶的活力及酶促反应的袁观米氏常数。结果：乙酰短杆菌中的核苷磷酸化酶经低温保藏可以保持较长时间的稳定性;茵体在60℃处理1小时即失去核苷磷酸化酶的活力,但是添加胸腺嘧啶有明显的保护作用;茵体中核苷磷酸化酶的合成能力明显大于磷酸解能力;对尿苷和5-甲基尿苷的表观米氏常数和最大反应速率分别为16．7、11．4mm01／L,0．0063、0．0041mmol／L．min。结论：含核苷磷酸化酶的乙酰短杆菌完整细胞作为酶源,在低温下可以长时间保藏,反应中的碱基对核苷磷酸化酶的抗热性有益,该菌种可以作为工业上核苷磷酸化酶的来源。