Growth and Major Nutrient Concentrations in Brassica campestris Supplied with Different NH4^＋/NO3 Ratios

In the present study, we investigated whether growth and main nutrient ion concentrations of cabbage （Brassica campestris L.） could be increased when plants were subjected to different NH4^＋/NO3- ratios. Cabbage seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solutions with five NH4^＋/NO3- ratios （1：0; 0.75：0.25; 0.5：0.5; 0.25：0.75; and 0：1）. The results showed that cabbage growth was reduced by 87% when the proportion of NH4^＋-N in the nutrient solution was more than 75% compared with a ratio NH4^＋/NO3- of 0.5：0.5 35 d after transplanting, suggesting a possible toxicity due to the accumulation of a large amount of free ammonia in the leaves. When the NH4＋/NO3- ratio was 0.5：0.5, fresh seedling weight, root length, and H2PO4- （P）, K^＋, Ca^2＋, and Mg^2＋ concentrations were all higher than those in plants grown under other NH4^＋/NO3- ratios. The nitrate concentration in the leaves was the lowest in plants grown at 0.5： 0.5 NH4^＋/NO3-. The present results indicate that an appropriate NH4^＋/NO3- ratio improves the absorption of other nutrients and maintains a suitable proportion of N assimilation and storage that should benefit plant growth and the quality of cabbage as a vegetable.     

Transport,signaling, and homeostasis of potassium and sodium in plants

Potassium （K＋） is an essential macronutrient in plants and a lack of K＋ significantly reduces the potential for plant growth and development. By contrast, sodium （Na＋）, while beneficial to some extent, at high concentrations it disturbs and inhibits various physiological processes and plant growth. Due to their chemical similarities, some functions of K＋ can be undertaken by Na＋ but K＋ homeostasis is severely affected by salt stress, on the other hand. Recent advances have highlighted the fascinating regulatory mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ transport and signaling in plants. This review summarizes three major topics： （i） the transport mechanisms of K＋ and Na＋ from the soil to the shoot and to the cellular - compartments; （ii） the mechanisms through which plants sense and respond to K＋ and Na＋ availability; and （iii） the components involved in maintenance of K＋/Na＋ homeostasis in plants under salt stress.     

Arabidopsis CNGC18 Is a Ca2＋-Permeable Channel

Dear Editor, Extracellular Ca2＋ influx focusing at the tips of pollen tubes is the main source of Ca2＋ for the pollen tube tip cytosolic Ca2＋ gradient, which is essential for both polar growth and orientation of pollen tubes in plants, and plasma membrane Ca2＋ channels were proposed to be present in the tips and function as key proteins by mediating and regulating extracellular Ca2＋ influx （for a review, see Guan et al., 2013）.     

应用正交旋转组合设计构建测定条件对木聚糖酶活力影响的数学模型

通过正交旋转试验,探讨了反应温度（X1）、pH值（X2）、反应时间（X3）、底物浓度（X4）、DNS用量（X5）5个测定条件对木聚糖酶活力（Y）测定结果的影响,并构建了测定条件对木聚糖酶活力影响的数学模型：Y=10．2950＋1．6563X1-0．0704X2＋0．3179X3＋1．7004X4-1．3413X5＋0．0669X1X2＋0．2094X1X3＋0．7631X1X4＋0．3301X1X5＋0．1256X2X3-0．0881X2X4＋0．1544X2X5＋0．2596X3X4＋0．1469X3X5-0．2594X4X5-0．4121X1^2-0．1258X2^2-0．2233X3^2-0．8358X1^2＋0．5217X3^2．实验结果表明：反应温度、底物浓度和DNS用量对木聚糖酶活力测定结果有极显著影响．     

The role of P2X7 receptor in ATP-mediated human leukemia cell death： calcium influx-independent

Activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to a rapid, bidirectional flux of cations, causing broad range of biological responses including cytotoxicity. However, the mechanism of P2X7-mediated cytotoxicity remains largely unexplored. In our previous study, the lack of P2X7-mediated calcium response under normal conditions was found in P2X7＋ hematopoietic cell lines. In this study, the P2X7-mediated cytotoxicity in different type of cells （P2X7-, P2X7＋ with calcium response, and P2X7＋ without calcium response） was investigated. Our results showed that P2X7 agonists, adenosine 5＇-triphosphate （ATP） or 2＇,3＇-O-（4 benzoylbenzoyl）- ATP, dose-dependently reduced the cell viability in all P2X7＋ cells tested, including J6-1, LCL, and Namalva cells which are negative for P2X7-mediated calcium response, although these effects were lower than those observed in KGla cells which has normal P2X7 func- tions. The cytotoxic effect could be blocked by P2X7 antagonists, oxidized ATP and 1-[N,O-bis（5-isoquinolinesulfonyl）-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine. In addition, externalization of phosphatidylserine could be detected in a time-dependent manner and apoptotic morphological changes could be observed after the activation of P2X7 receptor in J6-1 cells. Furthermore, P2X7-mediated pore formation could be detected in KGla and J6-1 cells under low-ionic conditions, but not under low-divalent conditions. These effects could not be observed in P2X7- Ramos cells. These results suggested that P2X7 receptor-mediated cytotoxic effects may occur independent of calcium response.     

The role of calcium sensor-interacting protein kinases in plant adaptation to potassium-deficiency： new answers to old questions

Potassium （K^＋） is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms and large amounts are required for plant growth and development. In many regions of Asia K＋-fertilization has been neglected and soils have become K＋-depleted. K＋- deficiency in the field diminishes not only crop production but also leads to environmental problems due to inefficient usage and leaching of nitrate. Consequences of K^＋-deficiency on crop production range from decreased biomass, nutritional quality and taste of the crops to inferior harvest and storage properties, as well as increased susceptibility to disease. Effects of K^＋-deficiency on plant physiology include decreased photosynthetic rate, impaired tissue allocation of sugars and amino acids, decreased protein synthesis.     

内蒙古蒙古族人群DYS413基因座的多态性分布

为 调查DYS413(YCAⅢ) 基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中的分布情况,为其应用于法医学和人类遗传学研究提供依据,采集了120例内蒙古蒙古族男性无关个体静脉血,EDTA抗凝,用酚-氯仿法抽提DNA,PCR扩增DYS413基因座,6%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,1‰硝酸银(AgNO3)染色分型。 在120例内蒙古蒙古族男性人群中共检出30个不同的单倍型,其频率介于0.0007至0.01361之间,其HD(单倍型多样性)值为0.94054。表明DYS413基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中分布好,对法医学和人类遗传学研究具有重要价值。Abstract： In order to provide the evidence for the application of DYS413(YCAⅢ) locus in forensic medicine and population genetics by investigating its polymorphism in the Mongolians lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to collect 120 unrelated male Mongolians’ venous blood, who lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the blood is anticoagulant with EDTA, then to extract DNA by using the method of phenol-chloroform and amplify the DYS413 locus with PCR. The products were separated with 6% non-denatured polyacrylamide/bisacrylamide gels(19:1) electrophoresis and stained with 1‰ nitrate of silver(AgNO3). There are total 30 different haplotypes in Mongolians, the frequencies are from 0.0007 to 0.01361, the HD(haplotype diversity) is 0.94054. It shows that DYS413 locus is high valuable in the application of forensic medicine and population genetics.     

豆瓣兰的无菌播种与快速繁殖

1植物名称豆瓣兰[Cymbidum serratum（Schltr）Y.S.Wu et S.C.Chen]。2材料类别种子。3培养条件种子萌发培养基：（1）MS＋1 mg·L-（-1）BAP＋10%椰子水;（2）改良Kyoto＋1 mg·L-（-1） BAP＋10%椰子水;（3）1/3MS＋1 mg·L-（-1） BAP＋10%椰子水。原球茎增殖培养基：（4）改良Kyoto＋2 mg·L-（-1）BAP＋1 mg·L-（-1） NAA＋10%椰子水。根状茎增殖培养基：（5）改良Kyoto＋3 mg·L-（-1） BAP＋0.2 mg·L-（-1） NAA＋10%椰子水。分化壮苗培养基：     

密花胡颓子的离体植株再生

1植物名称密花胡颓子（Elaeagnus conferta Roxb.）,又名羊奶果。2材料类别茎段。3培养条件（1）种子萌发培养基：MS;（2）不定芽诱导培养基：MS＋BA 3.0 mg·L~（-1）（单位下同）＋NAA 0.1;（3）增殖培养基：MS＋BA 2.0＋NAA 0.1;（4）壮苗培养基：MS＋BA 0.5＋NAA 0.1;（5）生根培养基：1/2MS＋IBA 2.0＋NAA 0.1。上述培养基中均添加30 g·L~（-1）蔗糖和6.5 mg·L~（-1）卡拉胶,pH 5.8。培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为40μmo1·m~（-2）·s~（-1）,光照时间为     

短距风兰的无菌播种和快速繁殖

1植物名称短距风兰（Neofinetia richardsianaChristenson）。2材料类别成熟未开裂蒴果中的种子。3培养条件（1）种子萌发培养基：1/2B_5＋6-BA 1.0mg·L-（-1）（单位下同）＋NAA 0.2;（2）原球茎增殖培养基：B_5＋6-BA 1.0＋NAA 1.5＋0.1%AC;（3）分化成苗培养基：B_5＋6-BA 1.0＋NAA 0.2＋0.05%AC;（4）壮苗和生根培养基：1/2MS＋IBA 0.5＋NAA 0.3＋0.03%AC。以上培养基含4.0%蔗糖和0.7%琼脂,pH 5.6～5.8。培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度为36μmol·m-（-2）·s-（-1）,光照时间为12 h·d-（-1）。     

闽赣长蒴苣苔的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称闽赣长蒴苣苔（Didymocarpus heucherifoliusHand.-Mazz.）。2材料类别幼叶。3培养条件MS为基本培养基。诱导不定芽分化培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA0.1 mg·L-（-1）（单位下同）＋NAA0.1;（2）MS＋6-BA 1.0＋NAA 0.5;（3）MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA0.5。增殖继代培养基：（2）;（3）;（4）MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA 1.0;（5）MS＋6-BA 0.05＋NAA 0.05。生根培养基：（6）1/2MS＋NAA 0.5;（7）1/2MS＋0.5%活性炭;（8）1/2MS＋0.1%活性炭。以上培养基均含30 g·L-（-1）蔗糖和7.0 g·L-（-1）琼脂,pH 5.8。培养温度为（25±2）℃,光照强度约为30μmol·m-（-2）·s-（-1）,光照时间为16h.d-（-1）。     

浙皖粗筒苣苔的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称浙皖粗筒苣苔（Briggsia chienii Chun）。2材料类别种子及无菌苗叶片。3培养条件MS为基本培养基。诱导种子发芽培养基：（1）MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg·L-（-1）（单位下同）＋NAA 0.5;诱导叶片分化培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA 0.5;增殖继代培养基：同（1）;壮苗培养基：（3）MS＋6-BA0.1＋NAA 0.05;生根培养基：（4）1/2MS＋0.1%活性炭。以上培养基均含30 g·L-（-1）蔗糖和7.0 g·L-（-1）琼脂,pH 5.8。培养温度为（25±2）℃;     

灵香草的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称灵香草（Lysimachia foenum-graecumHance）。2材料类别顶芽。3培养条件芽的生长及分化培养基：（1）MS;（2）MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg·L-（-1）（单位下同）＋NAA 0.5;（3）MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA 0.5;（4）MS＋6-BA 3.0＋NAA 1.0;（5）1/2MS;（6）1/2MS＋6-BA 1.0＋NAA 0.5;（7）1/2MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA 0.5;（8）1/2MS＋6-BA 3.0＋NAA 1.0。丛生芽诱导培养基：（9）MS＋6-BA 0.5＋NAA 0.2＋1g·L-（-1）活性碳;（10）MS＋6-BA 1.0＋NAA 0.2＋1 g·L-（-1）活性碳;（11）MS＋6-BA 2.0＋NAA 1.0＋1 g·L-（-1）活性碳;     

贯叶马兜铃的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称贯叶马兜铃（Aristolochia delavayiFranch）。2材料类别腋芽。3培养条件基本培养基为MS。启动培养基：（1）MS＋NAA 1 mg·L-（-1）（单位下同）＋6-BA 0.5;增殖培养基：（2）MS＋NAA 0.5＋6-BA 2;生根培养基：（3）1/2MS＋IBA 0.5。以上培养基中均加入30 g·L-（-1）蔗糖、7 g·L-（-1）琼脂,pH 5.8。培养温度（25±3）℃,光照时间12 h·d-（-1）,光照强度40～50μmol·m-（-2）·s-（-1）。     

驱蚊香草离体微型扦插中褐变因子的调控

目的：优化驱蚊香草离体微型扦插中的防褐化技术,为驱蚊香草离体快繁提供参考。方法：以驱蚊香草带腋芽茎段为外植体,采用三元二次回归组合设计,对其多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性和褐变率进行了研究,确定复合抑制因子在褐变调控中的最佳组合。并对PPO活性与其褐变的关系进行了回归分析。结果：调控驱蚊香草带腋芽茎段PPO活性的最佳组合为0.2%维生素C（X1）、0.25%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）（X2）和0.4%柠檬酸（X3）,标准回归方程为Y=71.702-4.187X1-0.305X2-2.333X3＋1.339X1X2＋2.643X1X3-3.803X2X3-0.660X12-5.90X22-4.732X32,具有统计学意义;PPO活性与褐变率呈极显著的相关性,相关系数R=0.956。结论：维生素C、PVP、柠檬酸能有效地调控驱蚊香草离体微型扦插中的褐变,显著地降低了褐变率。     

广西火桐的组织培养和植株再生

1植物名称广西火桐[Erythropsis kwangsiensis（Hsue）Hsue]。2材料类别幼嫩茎段。3培养条件（1）诱导培养基：MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg·L~（-1）（单位下同）＋IBA 0.05＋3%蔗糖;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 3.0＋IBA 0.5＋0.1%活性炭＋3%蔗糖;（3）壮苗培养基：MS＋6-BA 2.0＋IBA 0.5＋0.1%活性炭＋3%蔗糖;（4）生根培养基：1/2MS＋IBA1.0＋0.1%活性炭＋2%蔗糖。以上培养基均加0.6%琼脂,pH 5.8。     

耧斗菜的组织培养

1 植物名称 耧斗菜（Aquilegia vulgaris L．）。 2材料类别 幼叶叶片、叶柄。 3培养条件 愈伤组织诱导和增殖培养基：（1）MS＋2,4-D0．5-2．0mg·L^-1（单位下同）＋6-BA0．5;（2）MS＋NAA 0．2-1．5＋6-BA0．2;     

重瓣大岩桐的组织培养与快速繁殖

TissueCultureandRapidPropagationofSinningiaspeciosaYANGZhen-Tang;HUGui-Zhen;LIUChun-Hua(InstituteofSpeciolAnimalandPlantScience,ChineseAcademyofAgriculutralScineces,Jilin132109)1植物名称重瓣大岩桐（Sinningiaspeciosa）。2材料类别叶片。3培养条件（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋6－BA2．0mg·L－1（单位下同）＋NAA0．3＋蔗糖3％;（2）绿苗分化培养基：WS＋KT2．5＋NAA0．2十LH500＋蔗糖3％;（3）壮苗培养基：MS＋KT2．0＋NAA0．2＋GA31．0＋蔗糖3％;（4）生根培养基：1／2MS＋NAA0．2＋蔗糖2…     

岩生肥皂草的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 岩生肥皂草（Saponaria ocymoides L．）。2材料类别茎尖和节间茎段。3培养条件 以MS为基本培养基,另加3％蔗糖和0．7％琼脂粉,pH5．85。分化、增殖培养基为：（1）MS＋6-BA0．5mg．L-1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．1;（3）MS＋6-BA0．5＋NAA0-2：（4）MS＋6-BA1．0＋NAA0．2。生根培养基为：（5）MS＋IBA0．2;（6）MS＋IBA0．4。培养温度（25＋2）℃;