杜仲内生真菌的抑菌活性筛选

以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌为测试菌种。对杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.)根、茎、叶中分离出的20株内生真菌及其次生代谢物进行抗菌活性筛选。结果表明：有15个菌株至少对1种实验细菌具有抑菌活性,19株的代谢产物至少对1种实验细菌具有抑菌活性,其中有3株内生真菌及其次生代谢产物对测试病原细菌均有较强抑制作用。     

四种植物内生真菌的分离及其抗肿瘤活性的筛选

从银杏、合欢、臭椿和苦楝的树皮中分离到61株内生真菌。MTT法检测显示在45.9%的菌株发酵液粗提物在200 μg/mL时对人食道癌细胞EC109的生长抑制率大于50%。其中6株内生真菌(YX5, YX17, YX36, KL1, CC1, CC5)在50 μg/mL时仍具有较高的细胞毒活性, 且活性成分主要分布在菌株的发酵液中。合欢内生真菌中的活性菌株比例最小, 在50 μg/mL时均未显示任何对EC109细胞的抑制作用。银杏中的高活性菌株比例最大, 占银杏内生真菌的15.8%。银杏分离菌株YX5的活性最为突出, 其发酵液粗提物对3种肿瘤细胞EC109, HONE1和HeLa的抑制率IC50分别是18.3 μg/mL、3.6 μg/mL和6.5 μg/mL。研究结果表明, 作为抗肿瘤药物的潜在来源银杏内生真菌值得关注。     

侧柏乙醇提取物对21种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)叶、小枝、球果和种子4个不同部位乙醇提取物对21种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果显示:(1)在供试浓度为50g/L(相当于干样)时,侧柏各部位乙醇提取物对4种供试植物病原真菌均具有较好抑制作用,其中侧柏叶提取物的抑菌效果最好,对供试葡萄白腐病菌(Conio-thyrium diplodiella)、葡萄黑痘病菌(Elsinoe ampelina)、番茄绵腐病菌(Phytophthora melongenae)和青霉病菌(Penicilliu mexpansum)的EC50分别为:5.424、3.186、8.913和19.000g/L。(2)侧柏叶乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌活性均较好,在供试浓度为0.5g/L时,石油醚萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)和葡萄黑痘病菌(E.ampelina)的抑菌率分别为80.35%和60.23%;乙酸乙酯萃取物对以上2种植物病原菌的抑菌率分别为81.88%和64.06%。结果表明:侧柏叶、小枝、球果和种子乙醇提取物均具有一定抑菌活性,叶乙醇提取物的活性最好,活性成分主要集中在石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物中。     

植物内生真菌抗肿瘤活性菌株的筛选

从三尖杉、南方红豆杉及香榧中分离到172株植物内生真菌,利用抗肿瘤体外细胞毒筛选模型（MTT法）对其进行活性检测,结果表明,25株内生真菌（占总分离菌株的14.5%)对KB（人口腔上皮癌）或HL-60（人白血病）细胞具有显著的抑制活性。三尖杉、南方红豆杉及香榧内生赵菌的抗肿瘤活性菌株占各供测菌株的3.3%,19.6%和8.6%。其中7个菌株的细胞毒ID50为1,000以上,占总供测菌株的4.1%,抗肿瘤活性菌株主要分布在拟青霉属及头孢霉属中。     

元江仙人掌植物内生真菌的抑菌活性筛选研究

从云南元江野生仙人掌的肉质茎中分离出28株内生真菌,经形态学分类鉴定归于3个目,3个科,10个属。同时选择30种病原微生物作为指示菌进行抑菌试验,研究其抑菌活性。结果表明,3株元江仙人掌内生真菌分别对细菌、植物病原真菌和皮肤致病真菌多种病原微生物有较为明显的抑制生长作用。     

云南重楼植物内生真菌的分离及抗菌活性筛选

从云南重楼[Paris polyphylla Smithvar.yunnnanensis(Franch.)Hand.Mazz.]块状茎中分离出166株内生真菌,对其进行形态分类鉴定归于4目,6科,20个属,体现了云南重楼植物内生真菌的生物多样性特征。同时,选择与人类和植物相关的37株病原微生物作为抗菌活性筛选指示菌,进行了云南重楼植物内生真菌抗菌活性的初步研究。结果表明,4株内生真菌对细菌、植物致病真菌、皮肤致病真菌多种病原微生物具有显著抑制生长的作用。     

真菌多糖的活性研究进展

真菌多糖是一类从真菌的子实体或菌丝体分离出来的天然高分子化合物。研究表明,真菌多糖具有抗病毒、抗凝血、降血脂、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、延缓衰老等多种生物活性,现已被开发成多种药物和功能性食品添加剂。随着天然药物化学、药理研究的不断深入,真菌多糖已引起国内外学者的极大兴趣,其重要生物学效应成为当今研究的热点。     

远志内生真菌分离鉴定及活性筛选

从两个不同生长时期野生远志中分离内生真菌菌株88株,隶属于28个属,研究了各菌株对3种指示菌的拮抗作用。结果表明,远志不同生长时期不同部位的内生真菌数量、分布、种群存在差异,其优势属为Alternaria Nees。茎中内生真菌种类较多。88株内生真菌中有73株菌至少能拮抗1种指示菌,占总菌数的83.0%。4株抗性较强的菌株分别隶属于Trichothecium Link、Cephalosporium Corda、Alternaria Nees、Dactuliophora C.L.等。     

远志内生真菌分离鉴定及活性筛选

从两个不同生长时期野生远志中分离内生真菌菌株88株,隶属于28个属,研究了各菌株对3种指示菌的拮抗作用。结果表明,远志不同生长时期不同部位的内生真菌数量、分布、种群存在差异,其优势属为Alternaria Nees。茎中内生真菌种类较多。88株内生真菌中有73株菌至少能拮抗1种指示菌,占总菌数的83.0%。4株抗性较强的菌株分别隶属于Trichothecium Link、Cephalosporium Corda、Alternaria Nees、Dactuliophora C.L.等。     

西藏真菌资源调查概况

西藏是我国生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,地形复杂,生境多样,孕育了极为丰富的真菌资源。本文归纳统计出西藏真菌总计185科551属2 599种,其中包括真菌高阶分类单元壶菌门12种、接合菌门20种、球囊菌门70种、子囊菌门764种和担子菌门1 733种,并对各门进行了物种数量分析,列出了优势科。西藏大型真菌资源丰富,共统计出食用菌468种、药用菌243种和毒菌135种,对这些代表类群进行了概述。在此基础上展望西藏真菌资源调查以及生物多样性研究的发展趋势,为相关工作提供参考。     

自体红细胞凝集试验研究进展

自体红细胞凝集试验是一种快速、简便,成本低廉的免疫学检测方法。用于自体红细胞凝集试验的主要成分是一种双功能性抗体。介绍了自体红细胞凝集试验的基本原理和主要特点,以及如何建立自体红细胞凝集试验检测体系;简要综述了双功能性抗体的活性、稳定性、特异性、敏感性等方面的研究进展,以及自体红细胞凝集试验检测方法的应用前景。     

Determination of ITPase Activity in Erythrocyte Lysates Obtained for Determination of Tpmt Activity

The indication for the determination of both thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase is identical (i.e., adverse drug reactions toward mercaptopurines). Therefore, we tested whether or not our standard procedure to prepare erythrocyte lysates for measurement of TPMT activity, which includes treatment with Chelex 100 (a chelating resin), was suitable for the measurement of ITPase activity. It also was tested to see if ITPase activity differs in EDTA and Heparin anti-coagulated blood samples. We found that there was no difference between the ITPase activity in erythrocyte lysates prepared from EDTA or Heparin anti-coagulated blood. Treatment with a chelating resin or omission of magnesium from the assay procedure resulted in decreased and nearly absent ITPase activity, respectively. We conclude that untreated erythrocyte lysates obtained for determination of TPMT activity are suitable for determination of ITPase activity. However, after treatment with Chelex 100 the erythrocyte lysates become unsuitable for determination of ITPase activity.     

Chitinolytic Activity of Filamentous Fungi

The chitinolytic activity of nine species of filamentous fungi, classified with seven genera (specifically, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, Sporotrichum, Beaueria, and Mucor), was studied. When cultured in liquid medium containing 1% crystalline chitin, all fungi produced extracellular chitosans with activity varying from 0.2 U/mg protein (Sporotrichum olivaceum, Mucorsp., etc.) to 4.0–4.2 U/mg protein (Trichoderma lignorum, Aspergillus niger).     

Activity of Erythrocyte Na,K-ATPase in Manic Patients

Erythrocyte membrane Na,K-ATPase activity of manic patients was studied. The activity of patients in acute manic phase was higher than that of normal controls, while that of patients in normal phase was not. Even in the same patient, the activity in acute phase was higher than that in normal phase. Mg-ATPase activities did not differ between controls and patients. These findings clearly indicate a possible correlation between change in clinical phase in manic patients and change of erythrocyte membrane Na,K-ATPase activity.     

Antioxidant Activity in Fungi Degrading Lignocellulose Substrates

Considerable differences in lignin degradation by fungi of two ecological groups have been revealed. Xylotrophs cause a twofold decrease in the molecular weight of lignin. The degrading activity of saprotrophs is insignificant. Xylotrophs demethoxylate and oxidize lignin more rapidly than saprotrophs, showing a higher level of antioxidant activity. As follows from the comparison of the degrading and antioxidative effects, measurement of the antioxidant activity can be used in screening of fungi for the ability to degrade lignocellulose substrates.     

西藏林芝地区食药用菌野生资源的初步研究

记载了2011年在西藏林芝地区林芝县、米林县、波密县,海拔高度在2 700～3 500 m范围内采集的野生食用菌,共9个目25个科35个属115个种.     

四种蕈菌凝集素的筛选及活性检测

以长刺猴、白平菇、毛尖蘑、滑菇四种蕈菌为材料,经硫酸铵沉淀、透析,得到蛋白质提取液,用不同类型的红细胞检测凝集活性(人的A型、B型、AB型、O型血,兔血、鸡血、蛤蟆血)。结果表明,长刺猴、白平菇、滑菇3种蕈菌的提取物中均含有凝集素,桦树蘑对兔红细胞凝集性最强。凝集活性可分别被一种或多种类型糖所抑制。同时它们均表现出较好的热稳定性及pH耐受性,金属离子对凝集素的影响也相当大。     

西藏小型猪10种猪病血清学调查

目的对西藏小型猪进行10种猪病（猪瘟、伪狂犬病、篮耳病、猪流感、圆环病毒感染、细小病毒病、乙型脑炎、弓形体病、衣原体病和布氏杆菌病）的血清学调查。方法采用ELISA或凝集试验方法对10头已注射猪瘟疫苗的原代（F0代）母猪和40头20日龄乳猪、50头第一代（F1代）3～5月龄猪进行10种猪病的血清学检测。结果猪瘟病毒、细小病毒和乙型脑炎病毒抗体阳性率分别是母猪为80.0%、80.0%、70.0%;20日龄乳猪为45.0%、25.0%、45.0%;3～5月龄猪为4.0%、76.0%、80.0%。圆环病毒抗体阳性率母猪为60.0%,20日龄乳猪为5.0%。3～5月龄猪为0%;篮耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪流感病毒、弓形体、衣原体、布氏杆菌在不同年龄西藏小型猪中抗体阳性率均为0%。结论不同年龄西藏小型猪未受篮耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪流感病毒、弓形体病、衣原体病、布氏杆菌病感染。     

Changes in Enzyme Activity of Fungi during Nitrogen Starvation

The intracellular proteinase enzymes of Penicillium griseofulvumand other fungi increase to levels several times higher thanthat in growing mycelium in the first few hours of nitrogenstarvation, and remain at the higher level unless more assimilablenitrogen is supplied. The rise in proteinase does not take placein absence of oxygen or in the presence of p-fluorophenylalanine,and is not accompanied by net protein breakdown in the myceliumunless synthetic processes are inhibited by lack of oxygen orexogenous carbohydrate. The proteinase activity changes during the life cycle of thefungus, being absent in the spores, very low in the early stagesof germination, and tending to rise steadily during growth.In some conditions the induction of sporulation is associatedwith a rise in proteinase, but there is no simple relation betweenthe two processes. The results are considered to support theview that intracellular proteinase plays a part in protein turnoverin the fungal cell.